2012 journal article
Dispersal of Invasive Forest Insects via Recreational Firewood: A Quantitative Analysis
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY, 105(2), 438–450.
author keywords: biological invasion; firewood; invasive forest pest; human-mediated dispersal; long-distance dispersal
MeSH headings : Animal Migration; Animals; Camping; Insecta / physiology; Introduced Species; Models, Biological; Population Dynamics; Species Specificity; Travel; United States; Wood
TL;DR:
The risk of forest insect spread with firewood and related dispersal parameters for application in geographically explicit invasion models is analyzed and found to be strongly leptokurtic (fat-tailed) and fairly well fit by the unbounded Johnson and lognormal distributions.
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13. Climate Action
(Web of Science)
15. Life on Land
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Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018
ABSTRACT Recreational travel is a recognized vector for the spread of invasive species in North America. However, there has been little quantitative analysis of the risks posed by such travel and the associated transport of firewood. In this study, we analyzed the risk of forest insect spread with firewood and estimated related dispersal parameters for application in geographically explicit invasion models. Our primary data source was the U.S. National Recreation Reservation Service database, which records camper reservations at >2,500 locations nationwide. For >7 million individual reservations made between 2004 and 2009 (including visits from Canada), we calculated the distance between visitor home address and campground location. We constructed an empirical dispersal kernel (i.e., the probability distribution of the travel distances) from these “origin-destination” data, and then fitted the data with various theoretical distributions. We found the data to be strongly leptokurtic (fat-tailed) and fairly well fit by the unbounded Johnson and lognormal distributions. Most campers (≈53%) traveled <100 km, but ≈10% traveled >500 km (and as far as 5,500 km). Additionally, we examined the impact of geographic region, specific destinations (major national parks), and specific origin locations (major cities) on the shape of the dispersal kernel, and found that mixture distributions (i.e., theoretical distribution functions composed of multiple univariate distributions) may fit better in some circumstances. Although only a limited amount of all transported firewood is likely to be infested by forest insects, this still represents a considerable increase in dispersal potential beyond the insects' natural spread capabilities.