Combinations of cockpit display features may lead to increased pilot perceptions of clutter. This research sought to capture pilot perceptions of display clutter associated with primary flight display features during a vertical takeoff and landing scenario and to validate a multidimensional measure of clutter previously developed for a fixed-wing environment. Sixteen active fixed-wing pilots were recruited for the study that used a simulator configured as a vertical takeoff and landing aircraft. A factor analysis was used to reduce the number of subdimensions of the clutter measure based on previous ratings data. The simplified measure revealed an increase in the number of active display features to cause an increase in perceived clutter. Displays including synthetic vision system features were perceived as significantly more cluttered than those without. Although a tunnel (highway in the sky) feature also contributed to clutter, pilots achieved higher navigation system failure detection rates when the fe...