@article{millar_barbercheck_2002, title={Effects of tillage practices on entomopathogenic nematodes in a corn agroecosystem}, volume={25}, ISSN={["1049-9644"]}, DOI={10.1016/S1049-9644(02)00042-7}, abstractNote={Cultural practices such as tillage affect soil abiotic and biotic factors, which in turn may affect the survival and activity of entomopathogenic nematodes. We investigated the relative sensitivity of an inundatively applied nematode species, Steinernema riobrave (Texas), and two endemic nematode species, Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, to tillage practices in no-till and conventional-till corn near Goldsboro, North Carolina. Two baiting methods using Galleria mellonella, one conducted in the laboratory and the other in the field, were used to evaluate the nematodes in terms of infected insects and nematode persistence. H. bacteriophora, which was only rarely detected, was not significantly affected by tillage. Tillage had a significant negative effect on the detection of S. carpocapsae and a significant positive effect on the detection of S. riobrave. The nematodes' dissimilar sensitivities to tillage may be partly explained by differences in environmental tolerances and differences in tendencies to disperse deeper in the soil profile.}, number={1}, journal={BIOLOGICAL CONTROL}, author={Millar, LC and Barbercheck, ME}, year={2002}, month={Sep}, pages={1–11} }
 @article{millar_barbercheck_2001, title={Interaction between endemic and introduced entomopathogenic nematodes in conventional-till and no-till corn}, volume={22}, ISSN={["1090-2112"]}, DOI={10.1006/bcon.2001.0978}, abstractNote={Abstract We used entomopathogenic nematodes as a model to address the issue of environmental impact of introduced biological control agents in the soil. The study was conducted during three field seasons (1997, 1998, and 1999) in no-till and conventional-till corn near Goldsboro, North Carolina. The main objective was to evaluate the interaction of two endemic nematodes, Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, and an introduced exotic nematode, Steinernema riobrave (Texas). Two baiting methods with Galleria mellonella were used to evaluate the nematodes with regard to infected insects and nematode persistence when alone or in cohabitation in the field. We also examined the effects of soil depth on the nematodes' interactions, infectivity, and persistence. The results of the two baiting methods generally agreed with each other. The detection of H. bacteriophora was significantly suppressed in the presence of S. riobrave and slightly more so in conventional-till than in no-till. However, this endemic nematode was not completely displaced 1 and 2 years after the introduction of S. riobrave. Detection of S. carpocapsae and S. riobrave was not affected by the presence of each other, and detection of S. riobrave was not affected by the presence of H. bacteriophora. H. bacteriophora had the strongest tendency to be detected deeper in the soil profile, followed by S. riobrave and then S. carpocapsae. The nematodes' differences in environmental tolerances, differences in tendencies to disperse deeper in the soil profile, and patchy distributions may help explain their coexistence.}, number={3}, journal={BIOLOGICAL CONTROL}, author={Millar, LC and Barbercheck, ME}, year={2001}, month={Nov}, pages={235–245} }
 @inbook{barbercheck_millar_2000, title={Environmental impacts of entomopathogenic nematodes used for biological control in soil.}, booktitle={Nontarget effects of biological control}, publisher={Boston :Kluwer Academic Publishers}, author={Barbercheck, M. E. and Millar, L. C.}, editor={P. A. Follett and Duan, J. J.Editors}, year={2000}, pages={287–308} }
 @article{coppola_millar_chen_vandenbergh_1997, title={Chronic cocaine exposure affects stimulus-induced but not spontaneous behavior of the near-term mouse fetus}, volume={58}, ISSN={["0091-3057"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0091-3057(97)00039-7}, abstractNote={Pregnant female mice were injected subcutaneously with a 40-mg/kg dose of cocaine-HCl or physiological saline from day 1 through day 17 of gestation. On day 18 of gestation, dams were surgically prepared to allow the behavior of their fetuses to be observed. Spontaneous motor behavior was unaffected by cocaine exposure. Cocaine exposure potentiated motor responses of the fetuses to ammonia and to control injections of saline into the amniotic sac. Restriction of umbilical blood flow caused a specific stereotyped response in saline-injected fetuses, which is in agreement with studies of other species. This response was markedly potentiated in fetuses exposed to cocaine. The results suggest that the mouse may be a viable model for studies of the neurodevelopmental effects of gestational cocaine exposure and are discussed in relation to current models of the effects of long-term cocaine exposure on brain neurochemistry.}, number={3}, journal={PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR}, author={Coppola, DM and Millar, LC and Chen, CJ and Vandenbergh, JG}, year={1997}, month={Nov}, pages={793–799} }