@article{feng_burton_carter_pantalone_2004, title={Recurrent Half‐Sib Selection with Testcross Evaluation for Increased Oil Content in Soybean}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2004.6300}, abstractNote={Protein meal and oil are the two commodities produced from soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] that give the crop its value. Increasing seed concentrations of either or both may add value. Objectives of this study were to investigate the effectiveness of recurrent half‐sib selection for increased seed oil, to evaluate the effect of tester oil content on selection response, and to investigate testcross heterosis and inbreeding depression for seed oil content. A recurrent half–sib selection system was devised for soybean and selection for increased oil content was conducted in a population for seven and three cycles using a high and a low‐oil tester, respectively. The base population was a high‐oil composite with gray pubescence ( tt ) that was segregating for nuclear genetic ms 1 male sterility. In summer, the base population was planted in single plant hills and bordered with the tester ( Ms 1 Ms 1 TT ) in a random mating block in North Carolina. About 100 to 200 random male‐sterile plants with hybrid seeds were harvested. Half‐sib families derived from each male‐sterile plant were then grown in Puerto Rico in winter. At maturity, seeds from tawny plants (tester hybrid) were used to identify half‐sib families with high‐oil content. Corresponding gray plant hybrids from sib matings within the population were bulked to start the next cycle of selection. Random progenies from the base populations and selected progenies from each cycle of selection were evaluated in a replicated field experiment at three locations in North Carolina. Cycle × tester hybrids and cycle × cycle sib hybrids were also included in the tests. The results showed that oil content was significantly increased at a rate of 1.1 ± 0.2 g kg −1 cycle −1 in the high‐oil tester populations but not in the low‐oil tester populations. The realized heritability estimate for the high‐oil tester population was 0.12 ± 0.03. Evidence of heterosis indicated that some dominance effects on oil content existed. Dominance effects may affect the evaluation accuracy of the genotypes being tested. A high‐oil tester and high‐oil populations may have many common alleles resulting in less dominance and more additive effects in their hybrids. Consequently, a high‐oil tester can lead to better evaluation and selection precision, compared with a low‐oil tester which could mask additive effects and reduce selection precision.}, number={1}, journal={Crop Science}, author={Feng, L. and Burton, J. W. and Carter, T. E. and Pantalone, V. R.}, year={2004}, month={Jan} }
 @article{pantalone_wilson_novitzky_burton_2002, title={Genetic regulation of elevated stearic acid concentration in soybean oil}, DOI={10.1007/s11746-002-0520-8}, abstractNote={Abstract Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil from commercial cultivars typically contains ca. 3% stearic acid (18∶0). However, germplasm carrying different mutations at the locus governing stearic acid ( Fas ) may contain 3% to about 35% 18∶0. Among these germplasm, a newly developed line, FAM94‐41 (9% 18∶0), carries a serendipitous natural mutation that is temporarily designated as the recessive fas nc allele, and the germplasm A6 (26% 18∶0) carries the recessive fas a allele. Mendelian genetic analysis of progeny from FAM94‐41×A6 revealed that fas nc and fas a are allelic to each other and represent different mutations in the same structural gene. However, the gene products (enzymes) produced by these alleles are unknown. The observation that 18∶0 concentrations among progeny from FAM94‐41×A6 increased primarily at the expense of unsaturated C 18 FA suggests that fas alleles may reduce either 18∶0‐acyl carrier protein (AcP) desaturase or 18∶1‐ACP thioesterase activity. However, it also is conceivable that elevated 18∶0 concentrations may result from increased 3‐keto‐acyl‐ACP synthetase (KAS) II activity. To test the latter possibility, a population was created that segregated for the fas nc and the fap 2 alleles (the latter of which is associated with reduced KAS‐II activity). Mendelian genetic analysis showed that these alleles represent independent genes at different gene loci and interact in an additive genetic manner to increase the total saturate concentration in this population. Based on this finding, we speculate that fas alleles probably encode 18∶0‐ACP desaturase or 18∶1‐ACP thioesterase in soybeans.}, number={6}, journal={Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society}, author={Pantalone, V. R. and Wilson, R. F. and Novitzky, W. P. and Burton, J. W.}, year={2002}, month={Jun} }
 @article{pantalone_rebetzke_burton_carter_israel_1999, title={Soybean PI 416937 Root System Contributes to Biomass Accumulation in Reciprocal Grafts}, DOI={10.2134/agronj1999.915840x}, abstractNote={Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] plant introduction PI 416937 (PI4) has an extensive fibrous‐like root system that contributes to enhanced drought and Al tolerance. The root system of PI4 appears to be more highly nodulated than standard southern U.S. cultivars, and thus has potential for enhanced N 2 fixation. Genetic transfer of PI4 root system to soybean cultivars may lead to increased seed N at harvest through increased biomass or seed protein concentration. This hypothesis has not been tested. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of PI4 root system on plant productivity and protein accumulation in soybean seedling reciprocal grafts grown to maturity in the field. In three experiments, grafts were initiated 5 d after greenhouse planting by transversely severing the hypocotyl 2 cm below the apical meristem and transferring wedge‐cut scions to severed root stock. Plants were then transplanted and grown in the field. PI 416937 maintained its superior root fibrosity in graft combination with other genotype scions. In Exp. 2, at the end of the season, plants of non‐PI4 scions grafted to PI4 root stock averaged significantly higher in root fibrosity score (8.2) than the mean of their self‐grafts (6.0); however, when PI4 scions were grafted to root stock from other genotypes, the root fibrosity score decreased significantly (6.6) compared with PI4 self graft (8.4). Thus, grafting revealed that the root system itself, rather than the scion of PI4, regulates expression of the fibrous‐like rooting trait. Seed protein concentration did not increase significantly for genotype scions grafted to PI4 root stock. In Exp. 3, ‘Lee 74’ or N85‐492 grafted to PI4 root stock had significantly higher seed dry weight (161.1 g plant −1 for Lee 74 grafted to PI4 vs. 96.4 g plant −1 for the self‐graft; 129.5 g plant −1 for N85‐492 grafted to PI4 vs. 79.4 g plant −1 for the self‐graft). The fibrous‐like root system of PI4 enhances seed biomass when grafted to some non‐PI4 genotypes. The genetic transfer of the PI4 rooting trait to elite germplasm through applied breeding may lead to the development of more productive soybean lines.}, number={5}, journal={Agronomy Journal}, author={Pantalone, Vincent R. and Rebetzke, Gregory J. and Burton, Joseph W. and Carter, Thomas E. and Israel, Daniel W.}, year={1999}, month={Sep} }
 @article{kwanyuen_pantalone_burton_wilson_1997, title={A new approach to genetic alteration of soybean protein composition and quality}, DOI={10.1007/s11746-997-0015-2}, abstractNote={Abstract Although soybeans produce high‐quality meal, modern animal and fish production systems often require synthetic essential amino acid supplements to fortify feed rations. However, biotechnology may enable development of soybeans with naturally adequate levels of certain essential amino acids for advanced feed formulations. One approach involves genetic manipulation of glycinin (11S) and β‐conglycinin (7S) contents, the principal components of soybean storage proteins. Because 11S contains more cysteine and methionine than 7S protein, a higher 11S:7S ratio could lead to beneficial changes in the nutritional quality of soybean meal. Although genotypic variation for 11S:7S may be low among soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasm, ratios ranging from 1.7–4.9 were observed among accessions of the wild ancestor of cultivated soybean ( Glycine soja Sieb, and Zucc.). Thus, wild soybean germplasm was evaluated as a potential source of genes that govern protein synthesis that may have been lost during the domestication of G. max . Change in the amount of 11S protein accounts for a significant portion of the genotypic variation in protein concentration and composition among wild soybeans. Strong positive correlation exists between the 11S:7S ratio and methionine or cysteine concentration of total protein. Moderate positive associations were found for threonine or tyrosine. A moderate negative correlation was found between lysine and 11S:7S. No association was found for leucine and phenylalanine or for total essential amino acid concentration. Based on these data, G. soja may contain a different complement of genes that influence expression of 11S and 7S proteins than G. max germplasm. Thus, through interspecific hybridization, wild soybeans may be a useful genetic resource for the further improvement of protein quality in cultivated soybeans.}, number={8}, journal={Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society}, author={Kwanyuen, Prachuab and Pantalone, Vincent R. and Burton, Joseph W. and Wilson, Richard F.}, year={1997}, month={Aug} }
 @article{pantalone_rebetzke_burton_wilson_1997, title={Genetic regulation of linolenic acid concentration in wild soybean <i>Glycine soja</i> accessions}, DOI={10.1007/s11746-997-0162-5}, abstractNote={Abstract Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil from current commercial cultivars typically contains ca. 8% linolenic acid. Inheritance studies have shown that linolenic acid concentration in soybean seed is determined by at least two genes which govern activity of the predominant ω‐6 and ω‐3 desaturases. Selection of germplasm exhibiting homozygous recessive alleles that encode these desaturases has enabled development of soybeans having less than 3.0% linolenic acid. However, accessions of the wild ancestor of modern soybean cultivars, Glycine soja (Sieb. and Zucc.), have oils containing twice the highest linolenic acid concentration found in normal G. max cultivars. Although little is known about inheritance of linolenic acid in wild soybean, it would appear that additional or alternative forms of genes may govern its synthesis. To test this hypothesis, cultivated soybean germplasm was hybridized with wild soybean genotypes having significant differences in linolenic acid concentration. Seed of F 3 progeny from these G. max x G. soja populations exhibited distinct segregation patterns for relative estimates of ω‐6 and ω‐3 desaturase activity. Frequency class distribution analyses of the segregation patterns, and linear relations between median ω‐6 or ω‐3 desaturation estimates and corresponding linolenic acid concentration among allelic classes from these populations suggested the high‐linolenic acid trait in wild soybean genotypes was determined by a set of desaturase alleles that were different from corresponding alleles in G. max. Introgression of these alternative alleles in G. max germplasm opens a new avenue of research on the genitic regulation of linolenic acid, and may lead to the production of highly polyunsaturated soybean oils for various industrial applications.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society}, author={Pantalone, V. R. and Rebetzke, G. J. and Burton, J. W. and Wilson, R. F.}, year={1997}, month={Feb} }
 @article{rebetzke_pantalone_burton_carter_wilson_1997, title={Genotypic Variation for Fatty Acid Content in Selected <i>Glycine max</i> × <i>Glycine Soja</i> Populations}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700050038x}, abstractNote={Modifications in the fatty acid composition of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil may extend its utility to industrial markets currently serviced by other vegetable‐, mineral‐, or fossil‐based oils. However, extension into new markets depends on the development of soybean oils with increased concentrations of saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated fatty acids. Three wild soybean ( G. soja Siebold & Zucc.) accessions possessing unique fatty acid profiles were intercrossed with the reduced saturate and polyunsaturate fatty acid germplasm, N87‐2122‐4, to produce widely segregating populations. Random F 2 and F 2:3 families from each population were grown, and seed fatty acid contents of individuals within families were analyzed. Genotypic differences for oil quality were significant among populations and families within populations. Individual families produced >140 and 175 g kg −1 palmitic and total saturated fatty acid contents, respectively. No family produced greater oleic acid content than N87‐2122‐4. Some families produced >640 g kg −1 linoleic acid and total polyunsaturates exceeding 720 g kg −1 , while selected individuals produced >750 g kg −1 total polyunsaturates in both the F 2:3 parental and F 2:4 progeny generations. High narrow‐sense heritability estimates for palmitic ( h 2 = 0.67 to 0.98) and linoleic ( h 2 = 0.44 to 0.80) acid contents suggested that individual F 2 plants can be selected for either trait. However, the smaller heritabilities for oleic ( h 2 = 0.36 to 0.66) and linolenic ( h 2 = 0.10 to 0.47) acid contents necessitate selection based on family means. Analyzing these selected wild soybean crosses has demonstrated G. soja may be a useful source of genes to extend genotypic variation for linoleic and total polyunsaturated fatty acid contents. Genes for greater saturate content in PI 424031 may extend variation currently available in mutant soybean germplasm. However, it appears unlikely that G. soja would be useful for increasing oleic acid content above levels in existing soybean mutants.}, number={5}, journal={Crop Science}, author={Rebetzke, G. J. and Pantalone, V. R. and Burton, J. W. and Carter, T. E. and Wilson, R. F.}, year={1997}, month={Sep} }
 @article{carter_burton_bianchi‐hall_farmer_huie_pantalone_1997, title={Registration of ‘Graham’ Soybean}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700010064x}, abstractNote={Crop ScienceVolume 37, Issue 1 cropsci1997.0011183X003700010064x p. 293-294 Registration of Cultivars Registration of ‘Graham’ Soybean Thomas E. Carter Jr., Corresponding Author Thomas E. Carter Jr. tommy_carter@ncsu.edu USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Corresponding author (tommy_carter@ncsu.edu).Search for more papers by this authorJoseph W. Burton, Joseph W. Burton USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorCecilia Bianchi-Hall, Cecilia Bianchi-Hall USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorFred Farmer, Fred Farmer USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorEarl B. Huie, Earl B. Huie USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorVincent R. Pantalone, Vincent R. Pantalone USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this author Thomas E. Carter Jr., Corresponding Author Thomas E. Carter Jr. tommy_carter@ncsu.edu USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Corresponding author (tommy_carter@ncsu.edu).Search for more papers by this authorJoseph W. Burton, Joseph W. Burton USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorCecilia Bianchi-Hall, Cecilia Bianchi-Hall USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorFred Farmer, Fred Farmer USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorEarl B. Huie, Earl B. Huie USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this authorVincent R. Pantalone, Vincent R. Pantalone USDA-ARS, Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 January 1997 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700010064xCitations: 3AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume37, Issue1January–February 1997Pages 293-294 RelatedInformation}, number={1}, journal={Crop Science}, author={Carter, Thomas E. and Burton, Joseph W. and Bianchi‐Hall, Cecilia and Farmer, Fred and Huie, Earl B. and Pantalone, Vincent R.}, year={1997}, month={Jan} }
 @article{pantalone_rebetzke_wilson_burton_1997, title={Relationship between seed mass and linolenic acid in progeny of crosses between cultivated and wild soybean}, DOI={10.1007/s11746-997-0181-2}, abstractNote={Abstract Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil from current commercial cultivars typically contains ca. 8% linolenic acid (18:3). Applications of plant biotechnology have enabled plant breeders to develop germplasm having as low as 2.0% 18:3. Oils that are naturally low in 18:3 exhibited improved flavor characteristics and greater oxidative stability in high‐temperature frying applications compared to hydrogenated soybean oil. As an extension of that research, efforts are underway to characterize genes in soybean that govern expression of higher than normal 18:3 concentration. Such oils may be of interest to the oleochemicals industry for various nonfood applications. Relatively high 18:3 in seed oil is a characteristic trait of the ancestor of modern soybean cultivars, Glycine soja (Sieb. and Zucc.). Accessions of this species have rarely been utilized in soybean improvement, and thus represent a virtually untapped genetic resource for genes governing 18:3 synthesis. We have hybridized cultivated soybean with wild soybean plant introductions. F 3:4 seed from the resultant G. max × G. soja populations exhibited a wide segregation pattern for 18:3 and seed mass. A strong negative association was found between 18:3 concentration and seed mass. Oil concentration was positively correlated with seed mass. Evaluation of glycerolipid composition revealed that high 18:3 was not associated with an altered proportion of phospholipid and triacylglycerol among lines segregating for seed mass. Thus, smaller seed mass may be a convenient trait to distinguish future soybean cultivars with highly polyunsaturated oils from other cultivars in production.}, number={5}, journal={Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society}, author={Pantalone, V. R. and Rebetzke, G. J. and Wilson, R. F. and Burton, J. W.}, year={1997}, month={May} }
 @article{pantalone_rebetzke_burton_carter_1996, title={Phenotypic Evaluation of Root Traits in Soybean and Applicability to Plant Breeding}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci1996.0011183X003600020039x}, abstractNote={The southeastern USA is vulnerable to drought during critical times in the development of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. A Japanese plant introduction, PI 416937, exhibits drought tolerance and may be an important breeding line for the region. PI 416937 has an extensive fibrous root system that confers drought tolerance. The objective of this study was to relate visual root scores to other measurable root characteristics in order to provide breeders with a means for rapid phenotypic evaluation of soybean roots. Root score, root surface, and root dry weight were measured for ‘Lee 74’ and PI 416937 at three soybean stages of development in 1992 and 1993. Nodule number and nodule dry weight were also measured during the second year. PI 416937 had higher root score, root surface, nodule number, and nodule dry weight than Lee 74. Root score was positively correlated with root surface, nodule number, and nodule dry weight ( r = 0.74, 0.83, and 0.80, respectively). Phenotypic root scores could be utilized effectively in selection programs to rapidly evaluate large numbers of progeny in order to identify those with extensive fibrous root systems.}, number={2}, journal={Crop Science}, author={Pantalone, V. R. and Rebetzke, G. J. and Burton, J. W. and Carter, T. E.}, year={1996}, month={Mar} }
 @article{pantalone_burton_carter_1996, title={Soybean Fibrous Root Heritability and Genotypic Correlations with Agronomic and Seed Quality Traits}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci1996.0011183X003600050008x}, abstractNote={A major obstacle in selecting for increased soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.l seed protein concentration lies in the negative genetic correlation between seed yield and protein. The plant introduction PI 416937 has extensive fibrous root surface area that contributes to increased nitrogen fixation. PI 416937 also exhibits drought tolerance. It may be an important breeding line in the Southeast region of the USA, which is vulnerable to drought stress during soybean development. The development of breeding lines with superior root systems may be an effective way of stabilizing soybean production in drought‐prone regions. The objectives of this study were to estimate the heritability of phenotypic root score and genotypic correlations between root score and seed yield, seed protein concentration, seed oil concentration, and seed weight. A peanut inverter was used to excavate F 2 plants of a population from the cross ‘Lee 74’ × PI 416937. The root systems were scored visually, based on the percentage of fibrous root area. F 2:3 and F 2:4 rows were grown at two locations, Clayton and Kinston, NC, in 1992 and 1993. Ten plants per plot were evaluated for root score at the R7 stage of development. Heritability estimates for root score were 0.39 on an entry‐mean basis from testing in 2 yr and two locations, and 0.24 from a realized heritability estimate. The genotypic correlation between root score and seed protein concentration was positive ( r G = 0.42). This is encouraging and suggests that PI 416937 is a valuable germplasm resource for developing high protein, high yielding breeding lines.}, number={5}, journal={Crop Science}, author={Pantalone, Vincent R. and Burton, Joseph W. and Carter, Thomas E.}, year={1996}, month={Sep} }
 @article{pantalone_burton_carter_1996, title={Soybean seedling grafting technique}, volume={23}, journal={Soybean Genetics Newsletter}, author={Pantalone, V. R. and Burton, J. W. and Carter, T. E., Jr.}, year={1996}, pages={203} }