@article{cardinal_lee_guthrie_bing_austin_veldboom_senior_2006, title={Mapping of factors for resistance to leaf-blade feeding by European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) in maize}, volume={51}, number={1}, journal={Maydica}, author={Cardinal, A. J. and Lee, M. and Guthrie, W. D. and Bing, J. and Austin, D. F. and Veldboom, L. R. and Senior, M. L.}, year={2006}, pages={93–102} }
 @article{mickelson_stuber_senior_kaeppler_2002, title={Quantitative trait loci controlling leaf and tassel traits in a B73 x MO17 population of maize}, volume={42}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2002.1902}, abstractNote={Light penetration into the canopy of maize (Zea mays L.) production fields is an important determinant of grain yield. Factors affecting light penetration include agricultural practices such as planting density and plant morphological factors such as leaf angle, leaf size, and tassel size. The objectives of this experiment were to identify genomic regions controlling the inheritance of leaf angle and tassel morphology in a B73 × Mo17 recombinant inbred population. Three quantitative trait loci (QTL) for tassel branch angle were detected which explained 35.6% of the phenotypic variation. Six QTL were detected for tassel branch number with three of these QTL on chromosome 2. Nine QTL were detected for leaf angle in one or more environments. Significant phenotypic correlations were detected between tassel branch angle and tassel branch number and between tassel branch number and leaf angle. Overlapping support intervals were identified between QTL detected for leaf angle and for tassel branch number on chromosome 2 near marker umc53a. Additionally, a QTL near marker bnl6.10 on chromosome 5 identified for tassel branch angle was in the same region as a QTL identified for leaf angle. The results of this study indicate that common genetic relationships exist between tassel traits and leaf angle.}, number={6}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Mickelson, SM and Stuber, CS and Senior, L and Kaeppler, SM}, year={2002}, pages={1902–1909} }
 @article{eberhart_goodman_yeutter_senior_2000, title={Charles W. Stuber - A laudation}, volume={45}, number={3}, journal={Maydica}, author={Eberhart, S. A. and Goodman, M. and Yeutter, C. and Senior, L.}, year={2000}, pages={151–161} }
 @article{marcon_kaeppler_jensen_senior_stuber_1999, title={Loci controlling resistance to high plains virus and wheat streak mosaic virus in a B73 x Mo17 population of maize}, volume={39}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci1999.0011183X003900040037x}, abstractNote={High Plains disease has the potential to cause significant yield loss in susceptible corn (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes, especially in the central and western USA. The primary causal agent, High Plains virus (HPV), is vectored by wheat curl mite (WCM; Aceria tossichella Keifer), which is also the vector of wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV). In general, the two diseases occur together as a mixed infection in the field. The objective of this research was to characterize the inheritance of HPV and WSMV resistance using B73 (resistant to HPV and WSMV) × Mo17 (moderately susceptible to HPV and WSMV) recombinant inbred lines. A population of 129 recombinant inbred lines scored for 167 molecular markers was used to evaluate resistance to WSMV and to a mixed infection of WSMV and HPV. Loci conferring resistance to systemic movement of WSMV in plants mapped to chromosomes 3, 6, and 10, consistent with the map position of wsm2, wsm1, and wsm3, respectively. Major genes for resistance to systemic spread of HPV in doubly infected plants mapped to chromosomes 3 and 6, coincident or tightly linked with the WSMV resistance loci. Analysis of doubly infected plants revealed that chromosome 6 had a major effect on HPV resistance, consistent with our previous analysis of B73 × W64A and B73 × Wf9 populations. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting resistance to localized symptom development mapped to chromosomes 4 (umc66 ), 5 (bnl5.40), and 6 (umc85), and accounted for 24% of the phenotypic variation. Localized symptoms may reflect the amount of mite feeding or the extent of virus spread at the point of infection. Identification of cosegregating markers may facilitate selection for HPV and WSMV resistance in corn breeding programs.}, number={4}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Marcon, A and Kaeppler, SM and Jensen, SG and Senior, L and Stuber, C}, year={1999}, pages={1171–1177} }
 @article{stuber_polacco_lynn_1999, title={Synergy of empirical breeding, marker-assisted selection, and genomics to increase crop yield potential}, volume={39}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci1999.3961571x}, abstractNote={indicated that genetic improvement usually accounted for about one-half of the total yield increase, with the This paper was presented as part of the symposium entitled “Postremainder attributed to changes in cultural practices Green Revolution Trends in Crop Yield Potential: Increasing, Stagnant or Greater Resistance to Stress.” In this presentation, we have such as increased rates of mineral fertilizers and the use focused on (i) uses of marker technology in determining the genetic of herbicides for weed control and pesticides for control basis of phenotypic expression and the manipulation of phenotypic of insects and diseases. Duvick (1997) suggested that the variation in plants. This included the use of markers in understanding increased grain yielding ability of these widely successful heterosis, in attempts to improve hybrid predictions, in quantitative hybrids was due primarily to improved tolerance of abitrait locus (QTL) identification and mapping, in marker-assisted selecotic and biotic stresses, coupled with the maintenance tion (MAS), and in enhancing breeding success in the development of the ability to maximize yield per plant under nonof improved lines and hybrids; (ii) the role of genomics in developing stress growing conditions. a precise understanding of the genetic basis of phenotypic expression Opportunities for gains resulting from changes in culwhich will then provide more precision in the manipulation of phenotural practices are limited (particularly in the USA and typic variation; and (iii) some attempts to integrate marker technology and genomics into empirical breeding strategies. In addition, we have other developed countries). Therefore, future gains in focused on what has been successful as well as what has fallen short the productivity of most crops may depend almost enof expectations, and have suggested some of the possible reasons for tirely on genetic improvements. In fact, environmental the lack of success. Because of page limitations, we could not include concerns may cause a reduction in the use of agricultural an exhaustive review of the plant literature and have limited many chemicals and fertilizers. Also, many parts of the world of our examples to investigations in maize (Zea mays L). may have limited supplies of such chemicals and plant nutrients. Therefore, plant breeders will need to develop and apply new technology (such as marker-assisted seT global ability to provide adequate amounts of lection) at a faster pace to more effectively improve the food, feed, and fiber from domesticated crop plants yield potentials of crop plants for the ever increasing has resulted largely from the collective empirical breedglobal human population as well as for the changes in ing efforts of farmers and plant breeders spanning many consumer preferences. millennia. The continued increases in plant productivity have resulted from artificial selection, either conscious Quantitative Traits and QTLs or unconscious, on the phenotypic expressions of the A majority of economically important plant traits, targeted species. Prior to the 20th century, plant breedsuch as grain or forage yield, can be classified as ing was largely an art with little or no knowledge of multigenic or quantitative. Even traits considered to be genetic principles. Although plant improvement since more simply inherited, such as disease resistance, may the rediscovery of Mendel’s principles has involved both be “semi-quantitative” for which trait expression is govart and science, the contributions of science will unerned by several genes (e.g., a major gene plus several doubtedly assume a much greater role as new technolmodifiers). The challenge to use strategically new techogy becomes more widely used and as additional gains nology (such as DNA-based markers) to increase the in agricultural productivity are required to support a contribution of “science” to the “art plus science” equagreater global population. New opportunities to use getion for plant improvement therefore applies to most, if notypic selection, or combinations of genotypic and phenot all, traits of importance in plant breeding programs. notypic selection, to increase yield potentials are emergAlthough the focus of this symposium is on yield potening at an ever-increasing pace. tial, that yield must be harvestable. Therefore, traits On the basis of a comparison of 36 widely grown such as standability (or lodging resistance), disease resishybrids adapted to central Iowa and released at intervals tance, and insect resistance must also be considered. from 1934 to 1991, Duvick (1997) reported that the Historically, early researchers in quantitative genetics increase in maize grain yield during that time span averquestioned whether the inheritance of these continuaged nearly 74 kg ha21 yr21. Hybrid comparisons were ously distributed traits was Mendelian (Comstock, based on side-by-side trials, so all of the gain could 1978). The answer to this question has major implicabe attributed to genetic improvement. Earlier studies tions in the consideration of the use of markers for plant breeding programs. During the past century, both plant C. Stuber, USDA-ARS and Dep. of Genetics, N.C. State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7614; M. Polacco, USDA-ARS, Plant Genetics Res. and animal geneticists have obtained convincing eviUnit, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211; M. Senior, Novartis dence that Mendelian principles apply to quantitative Agribusiness Biotechnology Research, Inc., 3054 Cornwallis Rd., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Received 28 Dec. 1998. *CorrespondAbbreviations: BAC, bacterial artificial chromosome; MAS, markering author (cstuber@ncsu.edu). assisted selection; QTL, quantitative trait locus, RFLP, restriction fragment length polymorphism; YAC yeast artificial chromosome. Published in Crop Sci. 39:1571–1583 (1999).}, number={6}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Stuber, CW and Polacco, M and Lynn, M}, year={1999}, pages={1571–1583} }
 @article{vuylsteke_mank_antonise_bastiaans_senior_stuber_melchinger_lubberstedt_xia_stam_et al._1999, title={Two high-density AFLP (R) linkage maps of Zea mays L.: analysis of distribution of AFLP markers}, volume={99}, ISSN={["1432-2242"]}, DOI={10.1007/s001220051399}, number={6}, journal={THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS}, author={Vuylsteke, M and Mank, R and Antonise, R and Bastiaans, E and Senior, ML and Stuber, CW and Melchinger, AE and Lubberstedt, T and Xia, XC and Stam, P and et al.}, year={1999}, month={Oct}, pages={921–935} }
 @article{senior_murphy_goodman_stuber_1998, title={Utility of SSRs for determining genetic similarities and relationships in maize using an agarose gel system}, volume={38}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci1998.0011183X003800040034x}, abstractNote={Among maize (Zea maize L.) breeders, there is a heightened awareness of the necessity for both maintaining genetic diversity for crop improvement and improving the quality of genetic resource management. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) and isozymes can serve as genetic markers for estimating divergence or diversity ; however, the limited number of polymorphic isozyme loci available and the labor intensive and time consuming nature of RFLPs make their use for this purpose prohibitive. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs), when resolved using agarose gels, may be a viable and cost-effective alternative to RFLPs and isozymes. Ninety-four elite maize inbred lines, representative of the genetic diversity among lines derived from the Corn Belt Dent and Southern Dent maize races, were assayed for. polymorphism at 70 SSR marker loci using agarose gels. The 365 alleles identified served as raw data for estimating genetic similarities among these lines. The patterns of genetic divergence revealed by the SSR polymorphisms were consistent with known pedigrees. A cluster analysis placed the inbred lines in nine clusters that correspond to major heterotic groups or market classes for North American maize. A unique fingerprint for each inbred line could be obtained from as few as five SSR loci. The utility of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based markers such as SSRs for measuring genetic diversity, for assigning lines to heterotic groups and for genetic fingerprinting equals or exceeds that of RFLP markers, a property that may prove a valuable asset for a maize breeding program.}, number={4}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Senior, ML and Murphy, JP and Goodman, MM and Stuber, CW}, year={1998}, pages={1088–1098} }
 @article{smith_chin_shu_smith_wall_senior_mitchell_kresovich_ziegle_1997, title={An evaluation of the utility of SSR loci as molecular markers in maize (Zea mays L): comparisons with data from RFLPS and pedigree}, volume={95}, ISSN={["1432-2242"]}, DOI={10.1007/s001220050544}, number={1-2}, journal={THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS}, author={Smith, JSC and Chin, ECL and Shu, H and Smith, OS and Wall, SJ and Senior, ML and Mitchell, SE and Kresovich, S and Ziegle, J}, year={1997}, month={Jul}, pages={163–173} }
 @article{senior_chin_lee_smith_stuber_1996, title={Simple sequence repeat markers developed from maize sequences found in the GENBANK database: Map construction}, volume={36}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci1996.0011183X003600060043x}, abstractNote={Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are rapidly becoming an important class of DNA markers that are being widely used to map both plant and animal genomes. SSRs have the advantage of providing a codominant marker system based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methodology. Although the presence of SSRs is now well documented in the plant kingdom, a mapped set of primer sequences in maize (Zea mays L.) is not available. Polymorphic primer pairs developed from maize sequences in GENBANK were mapped to 42 loci in maize by means of either a B73 × Mo17, Mo17 × H99, or B73 × G35 recombinant inbred population. All SSR loci were found to be linked to one or more adjacent restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and/or isozyme loci. Segregation followed a pattern of Mendelian inheritance with one SSR locus deviating from expected ratios at a 1% level of significance. The SSRs were distributed throughout the maize genome with no evidence of clustering. Each SSR marker detected a single locus.}, number={6}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Senior, ML and Chin, ECL and Lee, M and Smith, JSC and Stuber, CW}, year={1996}, pages={1676–1683} }
 @article{senior_chin_smith_1995, title={Simple sequence repeats in maize: A progress report}, number={69}, journal={Maize Genetics Cooperation Newsletter}, author={Senior, M. L. and Chin, E. and Smith, S.}, year={1995}, pages={119} }