@article{carter_chanoit_kata_2011, title={Anaphylactoid reaction in a heartworm-infected dog undergoing lung lobectomy}, volume={238}, number={10}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Carter, J. E. and Chanoit, G. and Kata, C.}, year={2011}, pages={1301–1304} }
 @article{trumpatori_carter_hash_davidson_mathews_roe_lascelles_2010, title={Evaluation of a Midhumeral Block of the Radial, Ulnar, Musculocutaneous and Median (RUMM Block) Nerves for Analgesia of the Distal Aspect of the Thoracic Limb in Dogs}, volume={39}, ISSN={0161-3499}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950x.2010.00712.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1532-950x.2010.00712.x}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE
To evaluate a technique for midhumeral peripheral nerve blockade in the dog.


STUDY DESIGN
Cadaveric technique development; in vivo placebo-controlled, prospective crossover study.


ANIMALS
Canine cadavers (n=38) and 8 clinically healthy, adult hound dogs.


METHODS
A technique for peripheral block of the radial, ulnar, musculocutaneous, and median nerves (RUMM block) was evaluated using cadaver limbs. Eight purpose-bred, research dogs were anesthetized; a RUMM block was performed on each thoracic limb. One limb from each dog randomly received 0.5% bupivacaine and the opposite limb was assigned to receive sterile saline solution as a control. After recovery from anesthesia, skin sensation at selected dermatomes was evaluated for 24 hours using a mechanical stimulus. Weight-bearing, conscious proprioception, and withdrawal reflex were also evaluated. One month after initial testing, each dog was reanesthetized and each limb received the opposite treatment.


RESULTS
Sensory thresholds were significantly increased over baseline measurements when compared with control limbs for all nerves. Complete sensory block was achieved in radial (15/16), ulnar (3/16), musculocutaneous (8/16), and median (11/16) nerves, using a mechanical stimulus of analgesia. Complete simultaneous block of all nerves was only obtained in 1 of 16 limbs.


CONCLUSION
RUMM block resulted in desensitization of the skin in the associated dermatomes for 4-10 hours. Complete sensory block of the dermatomes supplied by the radial nerve was most consistent.


CLINICAL RELEVANCE
RUMM block may be an effective technique to provide adjunctive analgesia for dogs undergoing surgery of the distal aspect of the thoracic limb.}, number={7}, journal={Veterinary Surgery}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Trumpatori, Brian J. and Carter, Jennifer E. and Hash, Jon and Davidson, Gigi S. and Mathews, Kyle G. and Roe, Simon C. and Lascelles, B. Duncan X.}, year={2010}, month={Jul}, pages={785–796} }
 @article{carter_campbell_posner_swanson_2010, title={The hemodynamic effects of medetomidine continuous rate infusions in the dog}, volume={37}, ISSN={["1467-2995"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1467-2995.2009.00522.x}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE
To characterize the hemodynamic effects of continuous rate infusions (CRI) of medetomidine administered at doses ranging from 0 to 3 microg kg(-1) hour(-1).


STUDY DESIGN
Prospective, blinded, randomized experimental trial.


ANIMALS
Six adult purpose-bred mongrel dogs.


METHODS
Anesthesia was induced with sevoflurane for placement of arterial and venous catheters. Dogs recovered from anesthesia after which baseline hemodynamic measurements were obtained via lithium dilution cardiac output (CO) determination, with subsequent measurements via pulse power analysis to provide continuous CO determinations. Medetomidine, 1, 2, or 3 microg kg(-1) hour(-1) or a volume equivalent placebo, was administered via CRI for 60 minutes. Systolic, mean, and diastolic arterial pressure, heart rate (HR), CO and stroke volume were measured and stroke index (SI), cardiac index (CI), total peripheral resistance (TPR), and total peripheral resistance index (TPRI) were calculated at 3, 7, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes from the start of the infusion.


RESULTS
Increase in dose decreased SI by 25%, 19%, and 30%, HR by 33%, 57%, and 60%, CI by 50%, 65%, 70% and increased TPRI by 109%, 235%, and 222% from baseline to the 60-minute measurement for the 1, 2, and 3 microg kg(-1) hour(-1) doses, respectively. HR, TPRI, and CI all showed significant differences over the duration of the study from the placebo treatment.


CONCLUSIONS
Medetomidine CRI produces clinically relevant changes in CO, TPR, and HR. The demonstrated decrease in CO is largely because of bradycardia and the degree of cardiovascular depression appears to be dose-dependent. These findings are consistent with previously described hemodynamic changes with single bolus administration of medetomidine.


CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Low-dose medetomidine CRIs produce clinically relevant hemodynamic depression at doses as low as 1 microg kg(-1) hour(-1) and should be used cautiously in dogs.}, number={3}, journal={VETERINARY ANAESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA}, author={Carter, Jennifer E. and Campbell, Nigel B. and Posner, Lysa P. and Swanson, Cliff}, year={2010}, month={May}, pages={197–206} }
 @article{carter_tarigo_vernau_cecere_hovis_suter_2008, title={Erythrophagocytic low-grade extranodal T-cell lymphoma in a cat}, volume={37}, ISSN={0275-6382 1939-165X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165X.2008.00073.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1939-165X.2008.00073.x}, abstractNote={A 13-year-old male castrated domestic shorthair cat was presented to the referring veterinarian with a 2-month history of weight loss and lethargy. Splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, nonregenerative anemia, neutropenia, and hyperbilirubinemia were noted. Results of testing for feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, Toxoplasma gondii, and Mycoplasma sp. were negative. On cytologic examination of aspirates from the enlarged spleen and liver, a population of erythrophagocytic round cells was observed. Splenectomy and a liver biopsy were done which revealed a population of CD3+/CD79a- erythrophagocytic mononuclear round cells localized in the hepatic and splenic sinusoids. T-cell PARR (PCR for antigen receptor gene rearrangements) analysis of bone marrow and spleen demonstrated a single band indicative of a clonal proliferation of T cells. Based on the marked splenomegaly, sinusoidal infiltration, lack of lymphadenopathy, and results of cytology, PARR, and immunophenotyping, a diagnosis of low-grade extranodal T-cell lymphoma was made. The cat was treated with chlorambucil and prednisolone; clinical and laboratory abnormalities resolved and the cat has remained clinically normal for 2.5 years. To our knowledge, this report documents the first case of an erythrophagocytic T-cell lymphoma in a cat. The clinicopathologic findings were suggestive of hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma, a neoplasm described previously only in humans and dogs.}, number={4}, journal={Veterinary Clinical Pathology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Carter, J. E. and Tarigo, J. L. and Vernau, W. and Cecere, T. E. and Hovis, R. L. and Suter, S. E.}, year={2008}, month={Dec}, pages={416–421} }
 @misc{carter_2008, title={Questions doses reported in anesthesia case}, volume={233}, number={6}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Carter, J. E.}, year={2008}, pages={865–865} }