@article{degernes_heilman_trogdon_jordan_davison_kraege_correa_cowen_2006, title={Epidemiologic investigation of lead poisoning in trumpeter and tundra swans in Washington State, USA, 2000-2002}, volume={42}, ISSN={["1943-3700"]}, DOI={10.7589/0090-3558-42.2.345}, abstractNote={An observational study was conducted to determine the proportionate mortality of wild trumpeter (Cygnus buccinator) and tundra (Cygnus columbianus columbianus) swans that died during the winters of 2000–02 in northwestern Washington State, USA. Among 400 swans necropsied, 81% were lead poisoned (302/365 trumpeter swans; 20/35 tundra swans). Mortality started in mid-November and peaked from late December through mid-February; swan mortality that was not associated with lead poisoning was uniformly lower throughout the winter months. Lead poisoning was 24 times more likely to be the cause of death in swans found in Whatcom County compared to swans found in other locations in northwestern Washington State (95% CI: 12.7, 47.0). Mortality attributable to lead poisoning was twice as likely in adults as in juveniles (95% CI: 1.0, 4.2). Aspergillosis was documented in 62 trumpeter and two tundra swans, including 37 swans in which mortality was caused by lead poisoning. Males were twice as likely as females to have aspergillosis (95% CI: 1.1, 3.8). Traumatic injuries were documented in 37 trumpeter and seven tundra swans, including seven trumpeter swans with concurrent lead poisoning. Dead swans found outside Whatcom County were four times more likely to have traumatic injuries compared to those found in Whatcom County (95% CI: 1.6, 10.0). Overall, lead-poisoned swans were significantly less likely to have concurrent aspergillosis or traumatic injuries. There was no apparent association between grit ingestion (total mass or mass categorized by size) and lead poisoning or number of lead shot. Not surprisingly, lead-poisoned swans were more likely to have one or more lead shot compared to swans that died from other causes (OR 294; 95% CI: 92, 1,005); lead-poisoned swans were also more likely to have one or more nontoxic shot compared to swans that were not poisoned (OR 63; 95% CI: 19, 318). The source(s) of shot are unknown but likely are in or near Whatcom County, Washington.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES}, author={Degernes, Laurel and Heilman, Sarah and Trogdon, Maureen and Jordan, Martha and Davison, Mike and Kraege, Don and Correa, Maria and Cowen, Peter}, year={2006}, month={Apr}, pages={345–358} }
 @article{de voe_trogdon_flammer_2004, title={Preliminary assessment of the effect of diet and L-carnitine supplementation on lipoma size and bodyweight in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus)}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1082-6742"]}, DOI={10.1647/2002-031}, abstractNote={Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of diet and L-carnitine supplementation on lipoma size and bodyweight in adult budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus). Seventeen budgerigars with naturally occurring cervical lipomas and 15 without lipomas were assigned to groups (4–6 birds/group) and fed 1 of 3 diets for a period of 102 days. The diets fed were a 100% seed mixture, a commercially produced low-fat pelleted diet, and the same pelleted diet supplemented with approximately 1000 mg/kg L-carnitine. Birds receiving pellets were also offered a small amount of seed to improve acceptance. Bodyweight and lipoma size were recorded for each bird at 2- to 4-week intervals. Bodyweight increased in all budgerigars (with and without lipomas) receiving 100%-seed diets. Of these birds, 83% gained >10% of their initial bodyweight. Lipoma size decreased in budgerigars that were fed the pelleted diet supplemented with L-carnitine. These data suggest that feeding a 100%-seed diet may result in inappropriate weight gain in budgerigars and that the use of L-carnitine supplementation in the management of lipomas deserves further investigation.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF AVIAN MEDICINE AND SURGERY}, author={De Voe, RS and Trogdon, M and Flammer, K}, year={2004}, month={Mar}, pages={12–18} }
 @article{flammer_trogdon_papich_2003, title={Assessment of plasma concentrations of doxycycline in budgerigars fed medicated seed or water}, volume={223}, ISSN={["0003-1488"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.2003.223.993}, abstractNote={Abstract
				
					Objective—To determine whether plasma doxycycline
concentrations considered effective for treatment
of avian chlamydiosis could be safely established
and maintained in budgerigars via administration
of doxycycline in water or seed.
				
					Design—Prospective study.
				
					Animals—68 healthy mature budgerigars.
				
					Procedure—In 14-day trials, plasma doxycycline concentrations
were measured in budgerigars provided
with water containing 0, 50, 100, 200, or 400 mg of
doxycycline hyclate/L or a hulled seed diet containing 0,
100, 200, or 400 mg of doxycycline hyclate/kg. On the
basis of these results, birds were fed seed containing
300 mg of doxycycline/kg for 42 days, and a control
group received unmedicated seed. Blood samples for
plasma doxycycline analysis were collected either in
the morning on treatment days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and
42 or in the afternoon on days 12, 26, and 40. Birds
were observed daily. On days 14, 28, and 42, physical
and plasma biochemical variables, PCV, and total solids
concentration were measured; cloacal specimens
were obtained for bacteriologic and fungal culture.
				
					Results—During a 14-day period, treatment with water
containing ≤ 400 mg of doxycycline/L did not maintain
plasma doxycycline concentrations of ≥ 1 μg/mL, but
seed containing 300 mg of doxycycline hyclate/kg maintained
mean plasma doxycycline concentrations > 0.98
μg/mL for 42 days without notable adverse effects.
				
					Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that hulled seed containing 300 mg of doxycycline
hyclate/kg can safely establish and maintain
plasma doxycycline concentrations that are considered
adequate for treatment of chlamydiosis in adult
nonbreeding budgerigars. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003;
223:993–998)}, number={7}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Flammer, K and Trogdon, MM and Papich, M}, year={2003}, month={Oct}, pages={993–998} }
 @inproceedings{harms_lewbart_beasley_stamper_chittick_trogdon_2002, title={Clinical implications of haematology and plasma biochemistry values for loggerhead sea turtles undergoing rehabilitation.}, volume={477}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation, 29 February through 4 March 2000, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A. (NOAA technical memorandum NMFS-SEFSC; 477)}, publisher={Miami, Fla.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce}, author={Harms, C. and Lewbart, G. and Beasley, J. and Stamper, A. and Chittick, B. and Trogdon, M.}, year={2002}, pages={190–191} }
 @article{kishimori_lewbart_marcellin-little_roe_trogdon_henson_stoskopf_2001, title={Chelonian shell-fracture repair techniques}, volume={3}, number={5}, journal={Exotic DVM}, author={Kishimori, J. and Lewbart, G. A. and Marcellin-Little, D. J. and Roe, S. and Trogdon, M. and Henson, H. and Stoskopf, M. K.}, year={2001}, pages={35–41} }
 @article{vaden_sellon_melgarejo_williams_trogdon_vancamp_argenzio_2000, title={Evaluation of intestinal permeability and gluten sensitivity in Soft-Coated Wheaten Terriers with familial protein-losing enteropathy, protein-losing nephropathy, or both}, volume={61}, ISSN={["0002-9645"]}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.2000.61.518}, abstractNote={AbstractObjective—To evaluate intestinal permeability and gluten sensitivity in a family of Soft-Coated Wheaten Terriers (SCWT) affected with protein-losing enteropathy (PLE), protein-losing nephropathy (PLN), or both.Animals—6 affected adult dogs.Procedure—Intestinal biopsy specimens, urine protein- to-creatinine ratio, serum concentrations of albumin and globulin, and concentration of α1-protease inhibitor in feces were evaluated before, during, and 13 weeks after daily administration of 10 g of gluten for 7 weeks. Eosinophils and lymphocytes-plasmacytes were enumerated in intestinal biopsy specimens. Intestinal permeability was evaluated before and during the sixth week of gluten administration via cellobiose-mannitol and chromium-EDTA absorption tests.Results—Serum globulin concentration decreased significantly after prolonged administration of gluten. Although not significant, there was an increase in lymphocytes- plasmacytes and a decrease in eosinophils in intestinal biopsy specimens. Furthermore, these counts were greater than those reported for clinically normal dogs. Gluten administration did not increase intestinal permeability.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Daily administration of gluten was associated with a significant decrease in serum globulin concentration in SCWT affected with PLE or PLN, but other variables remained unchanged. Although enhanced wheatgluten sensitivity may be one factor involved in the pathogenesis of PLE or PLN in SCWT, this syndrome does not appear to be the result of a specific sensitivity to gluten. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:518–524)}, number={5}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH}, author={Vaden, SL and Sellon, RK and Melgarejo, LT and Williams, DA and Trogdon, MM and VanCamp, SD and Argenzio, RA}, year={2000}, month={May}, pages={518–524} }
 @article{vaden_hammerberg_davenport_orton_trogdon_melgarejo_vancamp_williams_2000, title={Food hypersensitivity reactions in Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers with protein-losing enteropathy or protein-losing nephropathy or both: Gastroscopic food sensitivity testing, dietary provocation, and fecal immunoglobulin E}, volume={14}, ISSN={["0891-6640"]}, DOI={10.1892/0891-6640(2000)014<0060:FHRISC>2.3.CO;2}, abstractNote={The purpose of this study was to evaluate Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers (SCWTs) affected with protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) or protein-losing nephropathy (PLN) or both for allergy to food. We performed gastroscopic food-sensitivity testing, a provocative dietary trial, and measurement of fecal immunoglobulin E (IgE) in 6 SCWTs affected with PLE or PLN or both. Positive gastroscopic food-sensitivity test reactions were noted in 5 of 6 dogs. Positive reactions were found to milk in 4 dogs, to lamb in 2 dogs, and to wheat and chicken each in 1 dog. Adverse reactions to food (diarrhea, vomiting, or pruritus) were detected in all 6 dogs during the provocative dietary trial. Adverse reactions were found to corn in 5 dogs, to tofu in 3 dogs, to cottage cheese in 2 dogs, to milk in 2 dogs, to farina cream of wheat in 2 dogs, and to lamb in 2 dogs. Serum albumin concentrations significantly decreased and fecal α1-protease inhibitor concentration significantly increased 4 days after the provocative trial when compared with baseline values. Antigen-specific fecal IgE varied throughout the provocative trial, with peak levels following ingestion of test meals. We conclude that food hypersensitivities are present in SCWTs affected with the syndrome of PLE/PLN. Mild inflammatory bowel disease was already established in the 6 SCWTs of this report at the time of study, making it impossible to determine if food allergies were the cause or result of the enteric disease.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Vaden, SL and Hammerberg, B and Davenport, DJ and Orton, SM and Trogdon, MM and Melgarejo, LT and VanCamp, SD and Williams, DA}, year={2000}, pages={60–67} }
 @article{page_hughes_huyan_sagris_trogdon_2000, title={Modulation of P-glycoprotein-mediated doxorubicin resistance in canine cell lines}, volume={20}, number={5B}, journal={Anticancer Research}, author={Page, R. L. and Hughes, C. S. and Huyan, S. and Sagris, J. and Trogdon, M.}, year={2000}, pages={3533–3538} }
 @inproceedings{degernes_fisher_trogdon_1999, title={Gastrointestinal scintigraphy in Psittacines}, booktitle={Proceedings Annual Conference of the Association of Avian Veterinarians}, author={Degernes, L. A. and Fisher, P. E. and Trogdon, M.}, year={1999}, pages={93–94} }
 @article{vaden_gookin_trogdon_langston_levine_cowgill_1997, title={Use of carbamylated hemoglobin concentration to differentiate acute from chronic renal failure in dogs}, volume={58}, number={11}, journal={American Journal of Veterinary Research}, author={Vaden, S. L. and Gookin, Jody L. and Trogdon, Maureen M. and Langston, C. E. and Levine, J. and Cowgill, L. D.}, year={1997}, pages={1193–1196} }