@article{cho_eckel_walgenbach_kennedy_1995, title={Comparison of Colored Sticky Traps for Monitoring Thrips Populations (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Staked Tomato Fields}, volume={30}, ISSN={0749-8004}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-30.2.176}, DOI={10.18474/0749-8004-30.2.176}, abstractNote={The response of flower thrips, Frankliniella spp., to various colors and sticky trap designs was evaluated in staked tomato fields in western North Carolina. Yellow sticky traps caught significantly more thrips compared with blue or white traps. There were no differences in the relative proportion of thrips species caught on different colored traps. The size of the flower sampling unit (i.e., 10-flowers versus all flowers per plant) did not influence the correlation between sticky trap catches and thrips abundance in flowers. Only F. occidentalis (Pergande) exhibited a significant correlation between percent abundance on all colors of sticky traps and percent abundance in flowers. Colored sticky traps caught high numbers of F. tritici (Fitch), despite the fact that few F. tritici were collected from flowers. In tests to evaluate different trap designs, cylindrical and cup traps caught more F. tritici than glass slide traps. Cylindrical sticky traps were more economical and enabled easier identification of thrips than glass slide or cup traps.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Entomological Science}, publisher={Georgia Entomological Society}, author={Cho, Kijong and Eckel, Craig S. and Walgenbach, James F. and Kennedy, George G.}, year={1995}, month={Apr}, pages={176–190} }
 @article{cho_eckel_walgenbach_kennedy_1995, title={Overwintering of Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in North Carolina}, volume={24}, ISSN={1938-2936 0046-225X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/24.1.58}, DOI={10.1093/ee/24.1.58}, abstractNote={Based on field cage studies, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) successfully overwintered and reproduced during the winter months in North Carolina. A field survey for thrips vectors of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was conducted during the winter and spring of 1990–1991 and 1991–1992 in North Carolina. Plant, litter, and soil samples were collected from three geographically distinct regions in North Carolina. Plant samples included 51 wild host species and five winter crops. Three species of TSWV vectors, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), F. occidentalis , and Thrips tabaci Lindeman, were collected from plant samples. F. fusca was the most abundant TSWV vector in plant samples and was collected from 30 wild host species and five winter crops. Few F. occidentalis and T. tabaci were collected from plant samples. T. tabaci was the most abundant vector collected from litter samples, and F. occidentalis was the second most abundant. Very few thrips were recovered from soil samples. Terebrantia thrips larvae were collected from 28 wild host species, five winter crops, and litter samples. In addition to TSWV vectors, 23 thrips species in the family Thripidae and 1 species in the family Merothripidae were collected from wild hosts, winter crops, or litter samples. The highest number of thrips species were observed in litter samples.}, number={1}, journal={Environmental Entomology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Cho, Kijong and Eckel, Craig S. and Walgenbach, James F. and Kennedy, George G.}, year={1995}, month={Feb}, pages={58–67} }
 @article{cho_eckel_walgenbach_kennedy_1995, title={Spatial Distribution and Sampling Procedures for Frankliniella spp. (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Staked Tomato}, volume={88}, ISSN={1938-291X 0022-0493}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/88.6.1658}, DOI={10.1093/jee/88.6.1658}, abstractNote={Phytophagous thrips were sampled in commercial tomato, Lycopersicum esculentum L., fields in western North Carolina during a 3-yr period from 1990 to 1992. Tomato flowers were collected to sample thrips and evaluate 3 different sampling units (2, 5, and 10 flowers) for their relative net precision. Flower thrips, Frankliniella tritici (Fitch), and western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), were the dominant species collected, accounting for 96% of all specimens. Relative net precision values indicated that a 10-flower unit was more precise and cost-efficient than either the 2- or 5-flower unit. Frequency data collected from the 10-flower unit were described by the negative binomial distribution. Both F. occidentalis and F. tritici exhibited an aggregated distribution in tomato fields. Taylor power law provided a better fit to the data than Iwao patchiness regression. Slopes and intercepts of Taylor power law did not differ among thrips species or total thrips. A fixed-precision-level sequential sampling plan was developed using the parameters of Taylor power law generated from total number of thrips in a 10-flower sampling unit. The resulting sampling plan was tested with sequential sampling bootstrap simulations ( n = 500) using 11 independent data sets for the validation. Bootstrap simulation over a range of densities demonstrated that actual Do values at Do = 0.30 averaged <0.26 in every case.}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Economic Entomology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Cho, Kijong and Eckel, Craig S. and Walgenbach, James F. and Kennedy, George G.}, year={1995}, month={Dec}, pages={1658–1665} }