@article{marasinghe_hongsanan_zeng_jones_boonmee_hyde_2022, title={Taxonomy and ecology of epifoliar fungi}, volume={13}, ISSN={["2077-7000"]}, DOI={10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.7.714}, abstractNote={HomePlant DiseaseVol. 84, No. 7Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck of Apple: Etiology, Biology, and Control PreviousNext OPENOpen Access licenseSooty Blotch and Flyspeck of Apple: Etiology, Biology, and ControlSharon M. Williamson and Turner B. SuttonSharon M. WilliamsonSearch for more papers by this author and Turner B. SuttonSearch for more papers by this authorAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations Sharon M. Williamson Turner B. Sutton , North Carolina State University, Raleigh Published Online:23 Feb 2007https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.7.714AboutSectionsPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 84, No. 7 July 2000SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Metrics Article History Issue Date: 25 Jan 2008Published: 23 Feb 2007 Pages: 714-724 Information© 2000 The American Phytopathological SocietyPDF downloadCited byAlterations in morphological and biochemical properties in ‘Namwa’ banana associated with freckles caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae in ThailandPhysiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, Vol. 117Phylogenetic and Morphological Characterization of Cladosporium perangustum Associated with Flyspeck on Shine Muscat Grapes in South Korea26 March 2021 | Mycobiology, Vol. 49, No. 2Precipitation Impacts Dissemination of Three Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck Taxa on Apple FruitHafizi Rosli, Jean C. Batzer, Edward Hernández, Gustavo Beruski, Philip M. Dixon, and Mark L. Gleason16 July 2020 | Plant Disease, Vol. 104, No. 9Conventional and alternative pre-harvest treatments affect the quality of ‘Golden delicious’ and ‘York’ apple fruitEnvironmental and Experimental Botany, Vol. 173Fungal Diseases of Traveler’s Palm (Ravenala madagascariensis)11 November 2020One stop shop III: taxonomic update with molecular phylogeny for important phytopathogenic genera: 51–75 (2019)17 September 2019 | Fungal Diversity, Vol. 98, No. 1Stealth Pathogens: The Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck Fungal ComplexAnnual Review of Phytopathology, Vol. 57, No. 1Peltaster gemmifer : A new species in the sooty blotch and flyspeck species complex from the United States21 September 2018 | Mycologia, Vol. 110, No. 5Comparative Genome Analysis Reveals Adaptation to the Ectophytic Lifestyle of Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck Fungi6 November 2017 | Genome Biology and Evolution, Vol. 9, No. 11Evaluating the Performance of a Relative Humidity-Based Warning System for Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck in IowaHafizi Rosli, Derrick A. Mayfield, Jean C. Batzer, Philip M. Dixon, Wendong Zhang, and Mark L. Gleason15 August 2017 | Plant Disease, Vol. 101, No. 10A Review of Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck Disease in German Organic Apple Production8 February 2016 | Erwerbs-Obstbau, Vol. 58, No. 2Peltaster fructicola genome reveals evolution from an invasive phytopathogen to an ectophytic parasite11 March 2016 | Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, No. 1Ancestral state reconstruction infers phytopathogenic origins of sooty blotch and flyspeck fungi on apple20 January 2017 | Mycologia, Vol. 108, No. 2Phenology of Infection on Apple Fruit by Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck Species in Iowa Apple OrchardsS. I. Ismail, J. C. Batzer, T. C. Harrington, and M. L. Gleason4 December 2015 | Plant Disease, Vol. 100, No. 2Diversity of the sooty blotch and flyspeck complex on apple in Germany9 December 2015 | Mycological Progress, Vol. 15, No. 1Unusual preservation of a microthyriaceous fungus (Ascomycota) on Sphenobaiera (ginkgophyte foliage) from the Middle Jurassic of ChinaReview of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Vol. 223Three New Species of Cyphellophora (Chaetothyriales) Associated with Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck23 September 2015 | PLOS ONE, Vol. 10, No. 9Composition of the sooty blotch and flyspeck complex on apple in Norway is influenced by location and management practices16 November 2014 | European Journal of Plant Pathology, Vol. 141, No. 2Effect of Lime Sulfur on Changes of Fungal Diversity in Pear Fallen Leaves1 January 2015 | The Korean Journal of Mycology, Vol. 43, No. 4Molecular and Morphological Analysis Reveals Five New Species of Zygophiala Associated with Flyspeck Signs on Plant Hosts from China20 October 2014 | PLoS ONE, Vol. 9, No. 10Secondary spread of Zygophiala wisconsinensis on the surface of apple fruit5 January 2014 | European Journal of Plant Pathology, Vol. 139, No. 1Production of Trichothecenes by the Apple Sooty Blotch Fungus Microcyclospora tardicrescens14 April 2014 | Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol. 62, No. 16A new species of Scolecobasidium associated with the sooty blotch and flyspeck complex on banana from China11 September 2012 | Mycological Progress, Vol. 12, No. 3Diversity of sooty blotch and flyspeck fungi from apples in northeastern Turkey18 November 2012 | European Journal of Plant Pathology, Vol. 135, No. 4Susceptibility of cider apple cultivars to the sooty blotch and flyspeck complex in Spain21 September 2012 | European Journal of Plant Pathology, Vol. 135, No. 1Temporal Patterns in Appearance of Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck Fungi on Apples26 July 2012 | Microbial Ecology, Vol. 64, No. 4Comparative spatial analysis of the sooty blotch/flyspeck disease complex, bull’s eye and bitter rots of apples15 August 2011 | Plant Pathology, Vol. 61, No. 2Variability Among Forecast Models for the Apple Sooty Blotch/Flyspeck Disease ComplexDaniel R. Cooley, David A. Rosenberger, Mark L. Gleason, Glen Koehler, Kerik Cox, Jon M. Clements, Turner B. Sutton, Angela Madeiras, and John R. Hartman11 August 2011 | Plant Disease, Vol. 95, No. 9Sooty blotch and flyspeck control with fungicide applications based on calendar, local IPM, and warning systemPesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, Vol. 46, No. 7Improving sooty blotch and flyspeck severity estimation on apple fruit with the aid of standard area diagrams22 October 2010 | European Journal of Plant Pathology, Vol. 129, No. 1Scleroramularia gen. nov. associated with sooty blotch and flyspeck of apple and pawpaw from the Northern Hemisphere3 December 2010 | Fungal Diversity, Vol. 46, No. 1Diversity and Biogeography of Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck Fungi on Apple in the Eastern and Midwestern United StatesMaría M. Díaz Arias, Jean C. Batzer, Thomas C. Harrington, Amy Wang Wong, Steven C. Bost, Daniel R. Cooley, Michael A. Ellis, John R. Hartman, David A. Rosenberger, George W. Sundin, Turner B. Sutton, James W. Travis, Michael J. Wheeler, Keith S. Yoder, and Mark L. Gleason5 March 2010 | Phytopathology®, Vol. 100, No. 4Relative Susceptibility of Selected Apple Cultivars to Sooty Blotch and FlyspeckAlan R. Biggs, Daniel R. Cooley, David A. Rosenberger, and Keith S. Yoder27 July 2018 | Plant Health Progress, Vol. 11, No. 1Fungal Disease Management in Environmentally Friendly Apple Production – A Review21 August 2009Adaptation of an Apple Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck Warning System for the Upper Midwest United StatesK. B. Duttweiler, M. L. Gleason, P. M. Dixon, T. B. Sutton, P. S. McManus, and J. E. B. A. Monteiro11 July 2008 | Plant Disease, Vol. 92, No. 8Cladosporium sp. is the Major Causal Agent in the Microbial Complex Associated with the Skin Sooty Dapple Disease of the Asian Pear in KoreaThe Plant Pathology Journal, Vol. 24, No. 2An RFLP-Based Technique for Identifying Fungi in the Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck Complex on AppleK. B. Duttweiler, G. Y. Sun, J. C. Batzer, T. C. Harrington, and M. L. Gleason4 April 2008 | Plant Disease, Vol. 92, No. 5Four species of Zygophiala (Schizothyriaceae, Capnodiales) are associated with the sooty blotch and flyspeck complex on apple20 January 2017 | Mycologia, Vol. 100, No. 2Spatial Heterogeneity of Leaf Wetness Duration in Apple Trees and Its Influence on Performance of a Warning System for Sooty Blotch and FlyspeckJ. C. Batzer, M. L. Gleason, S. E. Taylor, K. J. Koehler, and J. E. B. A. Monteiro11 December 2007 | Plant Disease, Vol. 92, No. 1Maturation of Thyriothecia of Schizothyrium pomi on the Reservoir Host Rubus allegheniensisDaniel R. Cooley, Susan M. Lerner, and Arthur F. Tuttle16 February 2007 | Plant Disease, Vol. 91, No. 2Venturia inaequalis Resistance in Apple22 January 2007 | Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, Vol. 25, No. 6Expansion of the sooty blotch and flyspeck complex on apples based on analysis of ribosomal DNA gene sequences and morphology27 January 2017 | Mycologia, Vol. 97, No. 6Sensitivity of Newly Identified Clades in the Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck Complex on Apple to Thiophanate-methyl and ZiramTara Tarnowski, Jean Batzer, Mark Gleason, Sara Helland, and Phillip Dixon27 July 2018 | Plant Health Progress, Vol. 4, No. 1Evaluation of Postharvest Removal of Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck on Apples Using Sodium Hypochlorite, Hydrogen Peroxide with Peroxyacetic Acid, and SoapJ. C. Batzer, M. L. Gleason, B. Weldon, P. M. Dixon, and F. W. Nutter23 February 2007 | Plant Disease, Vol. 86, No. 12Methionine-Riboflavin and Potassium Bicarbonate-Polymer Sprays Control Apple Flyspeck and Sooty BlotchJohn H. Andrews, Jessica K. O'Mara, and Patricia S. McManus27 July 2018 | Plant Health Progress, Vol. 2, No. 1Apple Diseases and their Management}, number={1}, journal={MYCOSPHERE}, author={Marasinghe, D. S. and Hongsanan, S. and Zeng, X. Y. and Jones, E. B. G. and Boonmee, S. and Hyde, K. D.}, year={2022}, pages={558–601} }
 @article{rehman_gale_brown-guedira_jin_marshall_whitcher_williamson_rouse_ahmad_ahmad_et al._2020, title={Identification of seedling resistance to stem rust in advanced wheat lines and varieties from Pakistan}, volume={60}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.1002/csc2.20056}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Rehman, Monsif Ur and Gale, Sam and Brown-Guedira, Gina and Jin, Yue and Marshall, David and Whitcher, Lynda and Williamson, Sharon and Rouse, Matthew and Ahmad, Javed and Ahmad, Gulzar and et al.}, year={2020}, pages={804–811} }
 @article{babiker_gordon_bonman_chao_rouse_brown-guedira_williamson_pretorius_2016, title={Rapid identification of resistance loci effective against Puccinia graminis f. sp tritici race TTKSK in 33 spring wheat landraces}, volume={100}, number={2}, journal={Plant Disease}, author={Babiker, E. M. and Gordon, T. C. and Bonman, J. M. and Chao, S. and Rouse, M. N. and Brown-Guedira, G. and Williamson, S. and Pretorius, Z. A.}, year={2016}, pages={331–336} }
 @article{kumssa_baenziger_rouse_guttieri_dweikat_brown-guedira_williamson_graybosch_wegulo_lorenz_et al._2015, title={Characterization of stem rust resistance in wheat cultivar gage}, volume={55}, number={1}, journal={Crop Science}, author={Kumssa, T. T. and Baenziger, P. S. and Rouse, M. N. and Guttieri, M. and Dweikat, I. and Brown-Guedira, G. and Williamson, S. and Graybosch, R. A. and Wegulo, S. N. and Lorenz, A. J. and et al.}, year={2015}, pages={229–239} }
 @article{babiker_gordon_chao_newcomb_rouse_jin_wanyera_acevedo_brown-guedira_williamson_et al._2015, title={Mapping resistance to the Ug99 race group of the stem rust pathogen in a spring wheat landrace}, volume={128}, number={4}, journal={Theoretical and Applied Genetics}, author={Babiker, E. M. and Gordon, T. C. and Chao, S. and Newcomb, M. and Rouse, M. N. and Jin, Y. and Wanyera, R. and Acevedo, M. and Brown-Guedira, G. and Williamson, S. and et al.}, year={2015}, pages={605–612} }
 @article{williamson_sutton_2010, title={First Report of Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum acutatum on Persimmon Fruit in the United States.}, volume={94}, ISSN={["1943-7692"]}, DOI={10.1094/pdis-94-5-0634a}, abstractNote={ Persimmon trees are important for their fruit as well as their colorful fruit and foliage in the fall. Persimmon fruit (Japanese persimmon, Diospyros kaki cv. Fuyu) were collected in November 2008 from a tree in Windsor, NC, located in the Coastal Plain. Fruit were not symptomatic on the tree but developed dark lesions after harvest. Isolations from six fruit yielded seven isolates of Colletotrichum acutatum J. H. Simmonds. After incubation at 25°C under continuous light for 15 days on potato dextrose agar (PDA), all isolates had gray aerial mycelium, but the inverse sides of the plates of six isolates were maroon and one was beige. Masses of salmon-colored conidia were formed first in the center of the colonies, then were observed scattered across the colonies in older cultures. Conidia were hyaline, one-celled, elliptic with one or both ends pointed, and measured 8.1 to 16.3 × 3.1 to 5 μm. Setae and sclerotia were not observed. There were also dark structures measuring 1 to 10 mm that were partially embedded in the agar that contained conidia. Cultural and conidial characteristics of the isolates were similar to those of C. acutatum (3). PCR amplification was performed with the species-specific primer pair CaInt2/ITS4 (2) and genomic DNA from the original isolates and isolates obtained from inoculated fruit. An amplification product of approximately 490 bp, which is specific for C. acutatum, was observed. To fulfill Koch's postulates, persimmon fruit obtained from the grocery store were surface disinfested with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite and sterile filter paper disks dipped in conidial suspensions (1 × 105 conidia/ml) of two C. acutatum isolates (maroon and beige reverse) or sterile, deionized water were placed on the fruit. Three fruit were inoculated per treatment and the disks were placed on four locations on each fruit. Parafilm was wrapped around the diameter of the fruit to keep the filter paper disks moist and in place. Fruit were placed in moist chambers and incubated at 25°C. After 3 days, the Parafilm was removed and the fruit returned to the moist chambers. Small, dark lesions were observed on fruit inoculated with each isolate of C. acutatum when the filter paper disks were removed. Ten days after inoculation, dark lesions and acervuli with salmon-colored masses of conidia were observed on fruit inoculated with both isolates of C. acutatum and the fruit were soft. After 12 days, there were abundant masses of conidia and the inoculated areas were decayed. Control fruit remained firm and did not develop symptoms. Cultures obtained from the fruit and the conidia produced were typical of the isolates used to inoculate the fruit. C. acutatum has been reported to cause fruit rot on persimmon fruit in New Zealand (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. acutatum on persimmon fruit in the United States. }, number={5}, journal={PLANT DISEASE}, author={Williamson, S. M. and Sutton, T. B.}, year={2010}, month={May}, pages={634–634} }
 @article{williamson_guzman_marin_anas_jin_sutton_2008, title={Evaluation of Pseudomonas syringae strain ESC-11 for biocontrol of crown rot and anthracnose of banana}, volume={46}, ISSN={["1090-2112"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.05.016}, abstractNote={Pseudomonas syringae strain ESC-11 and 250 μg/ml each of thiabendazole (TBZ) and imazalil reduced crown rot of banana caused by Fusarium aff. sacchari by 30–36% and 83–86%, respectively, in laboratory experiments. Four field trials performed in Costa Rica varied in treatment combinations. In field trials 1 and 2, 125 and 250 μg/ml each of TBZ and imazalil + 0.5% or 1% alum (aluminum ammonium sulfate) and ESC-11, and 250 μg/ml each of TBZ and imazalil + 1% alum reduced rot and mold. ESC-11 alone or with 0.5% alum significantly reduced rot and mold in field trial 2. In trial 3, 50 and 100 μg/ml of TBZ alone and with ESC-11 reduced mold. In trial 4, 125 μg/ml each of TBZ and imazalil and ESC-11, and 300 μg/ml each of TBZ and imazalil reduced rot, and 50 and 125 μg/ml each of TBZ and imazalil and ESC-11, and 300 μg/ml each of TBZ and imazalil reduced mold. In three field trials, there was no significant difference among treatments for latex staining. In field trial 2 only, combinations of TBZ, imazalil, and alum with or without ESC-11, reduced anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum musae. The complex of crown rot fungi, order of treatment application, effect of alum and fungicides on ESC-11, concentration of ESC-11, and level of disease may contribute to the variation in crown rot and anthracnose control by ESC-11. Though ESC-11 alone was not effective in reducing disease, further testing in combination with low rates of fungicide should be done.}, number={3}, journal={BIOLOGICAL CONTROL}, author={Williamson, S. M. and Guzman, M. and Marin, D. H. and Anas, O. and Jin, X. and Sutton, T. B.}, year={2008}, month={Sep}, pages={279–286} }
 @article{williamson_hodges_sutton_2004, title={Re-examination of Peltaster firucticola, a member of the apple sooty blotch complex}, volume={96}, ISSN={["1557-2536"]}, DOI={10.2307/3762121}, abstractNote={Peltaster fructicola is one of several fungi that causes sooty blotch on apple. Johnson et al (1996 ———, ———, Hodges CS. 1996. Peltaster fructicola: a new species in the complex of fungi causing apple sooty blotch disease. Mycologia 88:114–120. [Google Scholar], 1997 ———, ———, ———. 1997. Etiology of apple sooty blotch disease in North Carolina. Phytopathology 87:88–95. [Google Scholar]) correctly described P. fructicola but illustrated two different fungi. One is P. fructicola and the other is an unidentified ascomycete. In this paper, P. fructicola is more completely described and accurately illustrated.}, number={4}, journal={MYCOLOGIA}, author={Williamson, SM and Hodges, CS and Sutton, TB}, year={2004}, pages={885–890} }
 @article{carson_goodman_williamson_2002, title={Variation in aggressiveness among isolates of Cercospora from maize as a potential cause of genotype-environment interaction in gray leaf spot trials}, volume={86}, ISSN={["1943-7692"]}, DOI={10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.10.1089}, abstractNote={ The use of genetically resistant maize hybrids is the preferred means of control of gray leaf spot, caused by Cercospora zeae-maydis. One problem faced by maize breeders attempting to breed for resistance to gray leaf spot is the high degree of genotype-environment interactions observed in disease trials. In North Carolina gray leaf spot trials conducted at four locations in the western part of the state, we found consistent hybrid-location interactions over the 1995 and 1996 growing seasons. Isolates of C. zeae-maydis from those test locations were evaluated on the same hybrids used in the multilocation testing at a location in central North Carolina that does not have a history of gray leaf spot. The hybrid-isolate interactions observed in the isolate trial mirrored the hybrid-location effects seen in the multilocation testing. Most of the interactions arose from changes in the magnitude of differences between hybrids when inoculated with the isolates rather than from any change in hybrid ranking. Analysis of internal transcribed spacer-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) and mitochondrial rDNA RFLPs of those isolates and others revealed that both type I and type II sibling species of C. zeae-maydis, as well as C. sorghi var. maydis, are isolated from typical gray leaf spot lesions. Breeders should use the most aggressive isolates of C. zeae-maydis to maximize discrimination between genotypes in gray leaf spot trials. }, number={10}, journal={PLANT DISEASE}, author={Carson, ML and Goodman, MM and Williamson, SM}, year={2002}, month={Oct}, pages={1089–1093} }