@article{close_gerard_davidson_schramme_2011, title={Successful treatment of infectious (Salmonella type III: 44) polyarthritis and osteomyelitis in a 4-week-old foal}, volume={23}, ISSN={["2042-3292"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.2042-3292.2010.00152.x}, abstractNote={Summary 
 
This article describes the acute onset of infectious polyarthritis and osteomyelitis in a 4-week-old foal. Analysis of synovial fluid obtained from the left femoropatellar and right tarsocrural joints combined with clinical signs consisting of joint effusion and lameness yielded a diagnosis of septic arthritis. Bacterial culture of synovial fluid from the left stifle revealed Salmonella type III: 44. Rapid, sustained clinical improvement was noted following discontinuation of empirical antimicrobial therapy (potassium penicillin and amikacin sulphate) and initiation of treatment with ceftiofur and ampicillin. The importance of combining knowledge of veterinary pharmacology and microbiology so that appropriate antimicrobials may be selected with regard to the local environment in which they are to eradicate infection is emphasised. Despite frequent reference to amikacin sulphate as an effective antimicrobial for treating infections in foals caused by Salmonella, factors are discussed that explain why amikacin may not be clinically effective for treating infectious arthritis caused by Salmonella.}, number={3}, journal={EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION}, author={Close, K. and Gerard, M. and Davidson, G. and Schramme, M.}, year={2011}, month={Mar}, pages={121–126} }
 @article{schramme_pinto_davis_whisnant_whitacre_2008, title={Pharmacokinetics of carbetocin, a long-acting oxytocin analogue, following intravenous administration in horses}, volume={40}, ISSN={["0425-1644"]}, DOI={10.2746/042516408X334343}, abstractNote={Summary Reason for performing study: Current therapy protocols to treat persistent post mating endometritis and retained fetal membranes in mares typically include the administration of ecbolic drugs. Evaluation of the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of carbetocin, a long‐acting oxytocin analogue, after i.v. administration is required. Objectives: To determine the pharmacokinetic parameters (principally half‐life) of carbetocin in horses. Methods: Five mature mares and one gelding received 0.175 mg carbetocin i.v. All animals were monitored periodically throughout the study for elevation in rectal temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate and signs of pain or discomfort. Plasma samples were collected for determination of carbetocin concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Results: Administration of carbetocin was well tolerated by all horses and its half‐life was 17.2 min. Conclusions: The half‐life of carbetocin is greater than that previously reported for oxytocin (6.8 min). Potential relevance: Carbetocin is an attractive alternative to oxytocin therapy in broodmare management.}, number={7}, journal={EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL}, author={Schramme, A. R. and Pinto, C. R. F. and Davis, J. and Whisnant, C. S. and Whitacre, M. D.}, year={2008}, month={Nov}, pages={658–661} }