@misc{lambkin_trueman_yeates_holston_webb_hauser_metz_hill_skevington_yang_et al._2009, title={Supertrees and the Tree of Life: generating a metaphylogeny for a diverse invertebrate family (Insecta : Diptera : Therevidae) using constraint trees and the parsimony ratchet to overcome low taxon overlap}, volume={23}, ISSN={["1447-2600"]}, DOI={10.1071/is08035}, abstractNote={The dipteran family Therevidae (stiletto flies) is cosmopolitan and has been the focus of many taxonomic and phylogenetic studies over the last 25 years. Despite this work, questions remain concerning the relationships between subfamilies, genera and generic groups and membership of those groups. We use the supertree method to produce an inclusive phylogeny for the family Therevidae from 24 phylogenetic studies using matrix representation with parsimony (MRP) analysis. The supertree method, one of the most common approaches to calculating globally inclusive phylogenies from smaller more exclusive analyses, produced the therevid metaphylogeny despite only 34% of the terminal taxa being found in more than one source tree. We describe a method for handling low taxon overlap in supertree analyses, in combination with the parsimony ratchet and constraint tree techniques. The supertree presented here is an overarching phylogenetic hypothesis of the Therevidae, incorporating extensive sampling of major lineages and summarising past phylogenetic work on the family. The inclusive metaphylogeny for 362 therevid taxa robustly retrieves the subfamilies Agapophytinae, Phycinae, Therevinae and Xestomyzinae, and the tribes Cyclotelini and Therevini. The Phycinae and Xestomyzinae form a clade, sister to the remaining Therevidae. The Australasian and South American Taenogera Kröber genus-group is monophyletic and sister to a clade of Therevinae and the Australian endemic Agapophytinae. The Therevinae consists of the Anabarhynchus Macquart genus-group of Australian, South American, New Caledonian and New Zealand taxa as sister to the non-Australasian ‘higher Therevinae’, which contains the tribes Cyclotelini and Therevini. The Therevini includes the Hoplosathe Lyneborg & Zaitzev, Litolinga Irwin & Lyneborg, Baryphora Loew, Pandivirilia Irwin & Lyneborg and Thereva Latreille generic-groups. MRP supertree methods can be used to produce inclusive metaphylogenies in situations where source trees have poor data overlap and low taxon overlap, and are therefore valuable in species-rich groups such as arthropods. These methods may be necessary for constructing the ‘Tree of Life’, representing phylogenetic relationships among the millions of known species. However, our analyses show that in situations of source tree conflict, MRP supertree analyses present only the majority signal. We also show that conflict between source trees can be hidden in MRP supertrees, thus our results emphasise the need to evaluate the resulting clades with reference to the source trees.}, number={2}, journal={INVERTEBRATE SYSTEMATICS}, author={Lambkin, Christine L. and Trueman, John W. H. and Yeates, David K. and Holston, Kevin C. and Webb, Donald W. and Hauser, Martin and Metz, Mark A. and Hill, Hilary N. and Skevington, Jeffrey H. and Yang, Longlong and et al.}, year={2009}, pages={171–191} }
 @article{winterton_yang_wiegmann_yeates_2001, title={Phylogenetic revision of Agapophytinae subf.n. (Diptera : Therevidae) based on molecular and morphological evidence}, volume={26}, ISSN={["0307-6970"]}, DOI={10.1046/j.1365-3113.2001.00142.x}, abstractNote={SummaryAgapophytinae subf.n. is a highly diverse lineage of Australasian Therevidae, comprising eight described and two new genera:AgapophytusGuérin‐Méneville,AcupalpaKröber,AcraspisaKröber,BelonalysKröber,BonjeaniaIrwin & Lyneborg,ParapsilocephalaKröber,AcatopygiaKröber,LaxotelaWinterton & Irwin,Pipinniponsgen.n. andPatanothrixgen.n. A genus‐level cladistic analysis of the subfamily was undertaken using sixty‐eight adult morphological characters andc.1000 base pairs of the elongation factor‐1α (EF‐1α) protein coding gene. The morphological data partition produced three most parsimonious cladograms, whereas the molecular data partition gave a single most parsimonious cladogram, which did not match any of the cladograms found in the morphological analysis. The level of congruence between the data partitions was determined using the partition homogeneity test (HTF) and Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Despite being significantly incongruent in at least one of the incongruence tests, the partitions were combined in a simultaneous analysis. The combined data yielded a single cladogram that was better supported than that of the individual partitions analysed separately. The relative contributions of the data partitions to support for individual nodes on the combined cladogram were investigated using Partitioned Bremer Support. The level of support for many nodes on the combined cladogram was non‐additive and often greater than the sum of support for the respective nodes on individual partitions. This synergistic interaction between incongruent data partitions indicates a common phylogenetic signal in both partitions. It also suggests that criteria for partition combination based solely on incongruence may be misleading. The phylogenetic relationships of the genera are discussed using the combined data. A key to genera of Agapophytinae is presented, with genera diagnosed and figured. Two new genera are described:Patanothrixwith a new species (Pat. skevingtoni) andPat. wilsoni(Mann) transferred fromParapsilocephala, andPipinniponswith a new species (Pip. kroeberi).Pipinnipons fascipennis(Kröber) is transferred fromSquamopygiaKröber andPip. imitans(Mann) is transferred fromAgapophytus.Agapophytus bicolor(Kröber) is transferred fromParapsilocephala.Agapophytus varipennisMann is synonymised withAga. queenslandiKröber andAga. flavicornisMann is synonymised withAga. pallidicornis(Kröber).}, number={2}, journal={SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Winterton, SL and Yang, LL and Wiegmann, BM and Yeates, DK}, year={2001}, month={Apr}, pages={173–211} }
 @article{yang_wiegmann_yeates_irwin_2000, title={Higher-level phylogeny of the Therevidae (Diptera : Insecta) based on 28S ribosomal and elongation factor-1 alpha gene sequences}, volume={15}, ISSN={["1095-9513"]}, DOI={10.1006/mpev.1999.0771}, abstractNote={Therevidae (stilleto flies) are a little-known family of asiloid brachyceran Diptera (Insecta). Separate and combined phylogenetic analyses of 1200 bases of the 28S ribosomal DNA and 1100 bases of elongation factor-1alpha were used to infer phylogenetic relationships within the family. The position of the enigmatic taxon Apsilocephala Kröber is evaluated in light of the molecular evidence. In all analyses, molecular data strongly support the monophyly of Therevidae, excluding Apsilocephala, and the division of Therevidae into two main clades corresponding to a previous classification of the family into the subfamilies Phycinae and Therevinae. Despite strong support for some relationships within these groups, relationships at the base of the two main clades are weakly supported. Short branch lengths for Australasian clades at the base of the Therevinae may represent a rapid radiation of therevids in Australia.}, number={3}, journal={MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION}, author={Yang, LL and Wiegmann, BM and Yeates, DK and Irwin, ME}, year={2000}, month={Jun}, pages={440–451} }