@article{rutledge_moorman_washburn_deperno_2015, title={Evaluation of Resident Canada Goose Movements to Reduce the Risk of Goose-Aircraft Collisions at Suburban Airports}, volume={79}, ISSN={["1937-2817"]}, DOI={10.1002/jwmg.924}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={7}, journal={JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT}, author={Rutledge, M. Elizabeth and Moorman, Christopher E. and Washburn, Brian E. and Deperno, Christopher S.}, year={2015}, month={Sep}, pages={1185–1191} }
 @article{charles-smith_rutledge_meek_baine_massey_ellsaesser_deperno_moorman_degernes_2014, title={Hematologic Parameters and Hemoparasites of Nonmigratory Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) From Greensboro, North Carolina, USA}, volume={28}, ISSN={["1938-2871"]}, DOI={10.1647/2012-072}, abstractNote={Abstract Large flocks of wild, nonmigratory Canada geese (Branta canadensis) have established permanent residence throughout the eastern United States and have become a public concern. Few studies have assessed the hematologic parameters for these populations, which could provide useful information for monitoring individual and population health of Canada geese. This study measured the hematologic parameters and detected the presence of hemoparasites from 146 wild, nonmigratory Canada geese in central North Carolina, USA, during their annual molt. The age class, sex, and weight of each bird were recorded at capture. Values for packed cell volume (PCV), estimated white blood cell count, white blood cell differentials, and heterophil : lymphocyte ratios were calculated for each bird. Adults and female geese had higher estimated white blood cell counts compared with juveniles and males, respectively. The PCV increased with weight and age class. Adult geese had higher percentages of heterophils and heterophil : lymphocyte ratios, whereas juvenile geese had higher percentages of lymphocytes. Relative eosinophil counts in adults increased with decreasing bird weight, and relative monocyte counts in juveniles increased with increasing weight. Three percent of geese were infected with species of Hemoproteus blood parasites. Atypical lymphocyte morphology, including pseudopods, split nuclei, and cytoplasmic granules, was observed in 5% of the birds. The hematologic values reported for adult and juvenile nonmigratory Canada geese in this study may serve as reference intervals for ecological studies and veterinary care of wild and captive Canada geese.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF AVIAN MEDICINE AND SURGERY}, author={Charles-Smith, Lauren E. and Rutledge, M. Elizabeth and Meek, Caroline J. and Baine, Katherine and Massey, Elizabeth and Ellsaesser, Laura N. and DePerno, Christopher S. and Moorman, Christopher E. and Degernes, Laurel A.}, year={2014}, month={Mar}, pages={16–23} }
 @article{rutledge_sollmann_washburn_moorman_deperno_2014, title={Using novel spatial mark-resight techniques to monitor resident Canada geese in a suburban environment}, volume={41}, ISSN={["1448-5494"]}, DOI={10.1071/wr14069}, abstractNote={Context Over the past two decades, an increase in the number of resident (non-migratory) Canada geese (Branta canadensis) in the United States has heightened the awareness of human–goose interactions. Aims Accordingly, baseline demographic estimates for goose populations are needed to help better understand the ecology of Canada geese in suburban areas. Methods As a basis for monitoring efforts, we estimated densities of adult resident Canada geese in a suburban environment by using a novel spatial mark–resight method. We resighted 763 neck- and leg-banded resident Canada geese two to three times per week in and around Greensboro, North Carolina, over an 18-month period (June 2008 – December 2009). We estimated the density, detection probabilities, proportion of male geese in the population, and the movements and home-range radii of the geese by season ((post-molt I 2008 (16 July – 31 October), post-molt II 2008/2009 (1 November – 31 January), breeding and nesting 2009 (1 February – 31 May), and post-molt I 2009). Additionally, we used estimates of the number of marked individuals to quantify apparent monthly survival. Key results Goose densities varied by season, ranging from 11.10 individuals per km2 (s.e. = 0.23) in breeding/nesting to 16.02 individuals per km2 (s.e. = 0.34) in post-molt II. The 95% bivariate normal home-range radii ranged from 2.60 to 3.86 km for males and from 1.90 to 3.15 km for females and female home ranges were smaller than those of male geese during the breeding/nesting and post-molt II seasons. Apparent monthly survival across the study was high, ranging from 0.972 (s.e. = 0.005) to 0.995 (s.e. = 0.002). Conclusions By using spatial mark–resight models, we determined that Canada goose density estimates varied seasonally. Nevertheless, the seasonal changes in density are reflective of the seasonal changes in behaviour and physiological requirements of geese. Implications Although defining the state–space of spatial mark–resight models requires careful consideration, the technique represents a promising new tool to estimate and monitor the density of free-ranging wildlife. Spatial mark–resight methods provide managers with statistically robust population estimates and allow insight into animal space use without the need to employ more costly methods (e.g. telemetry). Also, when repeated across seasons or other biologically important time periods, spatial mark–resight modelling techniques allow for inference about apparent survival.}, number={5}, journal={WILDLIFE RESEARCH}, author={Rutledge, M. Elizabeth and Sollmann, Rahel and Washburn, Brian E. and Moorman, Christopher E. and DePerno, Christopher S.}, year={2014}, pages={447–453} }
 @article{rutledge_siletzky_gu_degernes_moorman_deperno_kathariou_2013, title={CHARACTERIZATION OF CAMPYLOBACTER FROM RESIDENT CANADA GEESE IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT}, volume={49}, ISSN={["0090-3558"]}, DOI={10.7589/2011-10-287}, abstractNote={Waterfowl are natural reservoirs for zoonotic pathogens, and abundant resident (nonmigratory) Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) in urban and suburban environments pose the potential for transmission of Campylobacter through human contact with fecal deposits and contaminated water. In June 2008 and July 2009, we collected 318 fecal samples from resident Canada Geese at 21 locations in and around Greensboro, North Carolina, to test for Campylobacter. All campylobacter species detected were C. jejuni isolates, and prevalences in 2008 and 2009 were 5.0% and 16.0%, respectively. Prevalence of C. jejuni–positive sampling sites was 21% (3/14) and 40% (6/15) in 2008 and 2009, respectively. All C. jejuni isolates were susceptible to a panel of six antimicrobial agents (tetracycline, streptomycin, erythromycin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, and ciprofloxacin). We used pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and fla-typing to identify several strain types among these isolates. Multilocus sequence typing of representative isolates revealed six sequence types, of which two (ST-3708 and ST-4368) were new, two (ST-702 and ST-4080) had been detected previously among C. jejuni from geese, and two (ST-991 and ST-4071) were first reported in C. jejuni from an environmental water source and a human illness, respectively. These results indicate a diverse population of antibiotic-susceptible C. jejuni in resident Canada Geese in and around Greensboro, North Carolina, and suggest a need for additional assessment of the public health risk associated with resident Canada Geese in urban and suburban areas.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES}, author={Rutledge, M. Elizabeth and Siletzky, Robin M. and Gu, Weimin and Degernes, Laurel A. and Moorman, Christopher E. and DePerno, Christopher S. and Kathariou, Sophia}, year={2013}, month={Jan}, pages={1–9} }
 @article{rutledge_frampton_blank_hinesley_2009, title={Naphthaleneacetic acid reduces leader growth of Fraser fir Christmas trees}, volume={44}, number={2}, journal={HortScience}, author={Rutledge, M. E. and Frampton, J. and Blank, G. and Hinesley, L. E.}, year={2009}, pages={345–348} }