@article{kogan_schoenfeld-tacher_hellyer_oxley_rishniw_2019, title={Small Animal Veterinarians' Perceptions, Experiences, and Views of Common Dog Breeds, Dog Aggression, and Breed-Specific Laws in the United States}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1660-4601"]}, DOI={10.3390/ijerph16214081}, abstractNote={Dog aggression directed towards humans is a common and serious behavioral and public health issue. This cross-sectional study was designed to gain insights into U.S. small animal veterinarians’ views and experiences with the most common dog breeds in the U.S., dog aggression, and breed-specific legislation. An electronic survey was distributed via email to an online veterinary community, and responses were summarized and compared by means of χ2 and Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel tests. Most respondents were concerned about the risks of dog bite injuries, but the majority were not in favor of banning specific breeds of dogs in order to enhance public safety. When participants rated the perceived bite risk associated with popular dog breeds, Chow Chows were perceived as the highest risk, with pit bull types categorized as a moderate risk. Golden Retrievers were seen as the most appropriate for families with children. Public education about animal behavior was the most frequently endorsed policy intervention to increase public safety. These findings suggest that most veterinarians feel that banning an entire dog breed is not an effective way to ensure human safety. Instead, most respondents endorsed alternative initiatives, such as public education and stricter leash laws, to reduce the risk of dog bites.}, number={21}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH}, author={Kogan, Lori R. and Schoenfeld-Tacher, Regina M. and Hellyer, Peter W. and Oxley, James A. and Rishniw, Mark}, year={2019}, month={Nov} }
 @article{kogan_hellyer_rishniw_schoenfeld-tacher_2019, title={The US Opioid Epidemic and Its Impact on US General Practice Veterinarians}, volume={6}, ISSN={["2297-1769"]}, DOI={10.3389/fvets.2019.00222}, abstractNote={Objective: To assess the impact of the human opioid epidemic and associated shortages in drug supply on US general practice veterinarians. Design: Cross-sectional study. Sample: Members of the Veterinary Information Network (VIN). Procedures: An electronic survey was used to examine veterinarians' views regarding opioid use in veterinary medicine and the impact of the opioid shortage on the provision of care. The survey was distributed via the VIN data collection portal from October 12–November 6, 2018. Results: 697 veterinarians completed the survey. Most (99.7%) reported using, dispensing or prescribing opioids in veterinary practice. The most commonly used opioids were buprenorphine, tramadol and butorphanol. While most veterinarians (83.3%) reported difficulty in ordering opioids over the last 6 months, this decreased to 59.0% in the last month. The most difficult drugs to obtain were hydromorphone, morphine, injectable fentanyl, and oxymorphone. The reported rate of difficulty in obtaining all these drugs lessened over time. However, the opioid shortage caused significant difficulty in providing appropriate pain management for 41.1% of participants, and affected the ability of 44.8% of respondents to provide optimal anesthesia. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Veterinarians' ability to provide opioids for their patients has been impacted by the opioid shortage, with a greater impact on full mu opioid agonists as compared to drugs like butorphanol, buprenorphine, and tramadol. The results confirm the important role of opioid analgesics in the delivery of modern veterinary medicine and highlight the importance of medical health professionals being able to access these critical medications.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE}, author={Kogan, Lori and Hellyer, Peter and Rishniw, Mark and Schoenfeld-Tacher, Regina}, year={2019}, month={Jul} }
 @article{kogan_schoenfeld-tacher_hellyer_rishniw_2019, title={Veterinary Student Stress, the Benefit of Canine Pets, and Potential Institutional Support of Dog Ownership}, volume={46}, ISSN={["1943-7218"]}, DOI={10.3138/jvme.1017-148r}, abstractNote={ The stress of veterinary school and the high prevalence of psychological distress among veterinary students have been well documented. Pet ownership is known to improve overall health and reduce stress among the public. Yet, for veterinary students, owning a pet (especially a dog) can offer both rewards and challenges. The academic schedule for veterinary students often comprises long hours that can make caring for a dog challenging. This study explores the area of veterinary students’ dog care options and perspectives by examining two aspects of this issue: (a) currently available options, as reported by academic administrators, and (b) perceived need for these options, as reported by veterinary students. A survey of associate deans for academic affairs ( n = 30) found that routine on-site kenneling options for student-owned dogs are available at eight (26.6%) veterinary schools. Simultaneously, results of a student survey ( n = 768) revealed a great desire for on-campus services. Among students who did not have access to on-campus kenneling facilities, 71.5% (453 of 634) felt that creating these options would be important or very important. Across all students surveyed, 76% (581 of 764) felt it would be important to have on-site dog housing/care available. Students experience considerable stress over having to find accommodations or care for their dogs while engaged in academic activities. Thus, providing on-site boarding and care options for student-owned dogs can play an important role in both recruiting prospective veterinary students and enhancing the well-being of those currently in the program. }, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION}, author={Kogan, Lori R. and Schoenfeld-Tacher, Regina and Hellyer, Peter and Rishniw, Mark}, year={2019}, pages={438–448} }
 @article{lee_meyer_sullivan_davidson_swanson_hellyer_1998, title={Respiratory depressant and skeletal muscle relaxant effects of low-dose pancuronium bromide in spontaneously breathing, isoflurane-anesthetized dogs}, volume={27}, ISSN={["0161-3499"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1532-950X.1998.tb00159.x}, abstractNote={Objective—To assess and compare the respiratory depressant and skeletal muscle relaxant effects of two low doses of a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocker, pancuronium bromide. To determine if a “low dose” of pancuronium bromide can produce selective skeletal muscle relaxation in extraocular muscles sufficient to perform intraocular surgery while sparing or minimizing depression of muscles of ventilation.}, number={5}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Lee, DD and Meyer, RE and Sullivan, TC and Davidson, MG and Swanson, CR and Hellyer, PW}, year={1998}, pages={473–479} }
 @article{hellyer_johnson_olson_1997, title={Effect of N-G-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester on cardiopulmonary function and biosynthesis of cyclooxygenase products during porcine endotoxemia}, volume={25}, ISSN={["0090-3493"]}, DOI={10.1097/00003246-199706000-00024}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE
To determine if inhibition of nitric oxide synthase with NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME) potentiates endotoxin-induced cardiopulmonary dysfunction and release of cyclooxygenase products in a porcine model of endotoxemia.


DESIGN
Prospective, multiple group, controlled experimental study.


SETTING
Physiologic research laboratory at a veterinary medicine college.


SUBJECTS
Fifty-seven domestic pigs (mean 28.7 +/- 0.8 [SEM] kg).


INTERVENTIONS
Pentobarbital-anesthetized pigs were intubated and mechanically ventilated to normocapnia with room air. A ther-modilution cardiac output catheter was advanced into the pulmonary artery. Additional catheters were inserted into the jugular and femoral veins and femoral artery. The pigs received the following infusions: saline (control, n = 5); L-NAME (0.1, 0.5, 2.2, or 5.5 mg/ kg/hr, from -0.5 to 2 hrs, n = 16); Escherichia coli endotoxin (5 micrograms/ kg from 0 to 1 hr followed by 2 micrograms/kg from 1 to 2 hrs, i.v., n = 14); L-NAME plus endotoxin (n = 9); indomethacin plus endotoxin (n = 6); or L-NAME indomethacin plus endotoxin (n = 7).


MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
L-NAME significantly (p < .05) worsened endotoxin-induced hypoxemia and enhanced the increases in pulmonary vascular resistance index and systemic vascular resistance index at 30 to 60 mins. Endotoxin increased (p < .05) plasma concentrations of thromboxane B2 by seven- to eight-fold at 30 to 120 mins and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha by 16- to 24-fold at 60 to 120 mins. L-NAME enhanced (additive effect) endotoxin-induced increases in plasma concentrations of thromboxane B2 (60 mins) and significantly (p < .05) potentiated the increases in 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (120 mins). At 120 mins of endotoxemia, indomethacin (cyclooxygenase inhibitor) plus L-NAME markedly increased (p < .05, synergistic effect) systemic vascular resistance index compared with endotoxemic pigs pretreated with either L-NAME or indomethacin.


CONCLUSIONS
During endotoxemia, inhibition of nitric oxide synthase with L-NAME may be deleterious to cardiopulmonary function, as evidence by potentiation of endotoxin-induced systemic and pulmonary vasoconstriction, impairment of gas exchange, and enhanced biosynthesis of cyclooxygenase products. Moreover, during endotoxemia, the concomitant inhibition of two important vasodilators (i.e., nitric oxide and prostacyclin) is associated with a potentiated (p < .05) increase in systemic vascular resistance index.}, number={6}, journal={CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE}, author={Hellyer, PW and Johnson, LW and Olson, NC}, year={1997}, month={Jun}, pages={1051–1058} }
 @article{hellyer_1996, title={General anesthesia for dogs and cats}, volume={91}, number={4}, journal={Veterinary Medicine}, author={Hellyer, P. W.}, year={1996}, pages={314} }
 @article{hellyer_meyer_1994, title={Effects of hypertonic saline on myocardial contractility in anaesthetized pigs}, volume={17}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-2885.1994.tb00235.x}, abstractNote={The cardiac effects of hypertonic saline (HS, 7.5% NaCl) were evaluated using a number of indices derived from the left ventricular (LV) pressurevolume relationship. Left ventricular end‐systolic elastance (elastance), the slope of the endsystolic pressure‐volume relationship, end‐systolic elastance normalized for enddiastolic volume (elastance(norm), the rate of rise of LV pressure (dP/dtmax), and dP/dtmax/end‐diastolic volume were used to assess myocardial contractility. Pigs were anaesthetized with isoflurane and instrumented for haemodynamic measurements, LV pressure, and volume (conductance catheter) determinations. Elastance was determined during transient (8–10 s) caudal vena caval balloon occlusion. Following instrumentation, the end‐tidal isoflurane concentration was reduced and maintained at 1 minimum alveolar concentration (1.5%). Pigs were randomly administered either 0.9% NaCl (n= 7) or HS (n =9) at a dose of 4 ml/kg, over 3 min into the right atrium. There were no significant differences in LV or haemodynamic measurements between isotonic saline and HS treated pigs at any time point. Elastance, elastance(norm) and dP/dtmax/end‐diastolic volume did not change in either treatment group. In contrast, dP/dtmax) increased significantly (P < 0.015) at 5 min compared to baseline after treatment with HS. End‐diastolic volume increased significantly from 5 to 30 min following treatment with HS. Left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure increased significantly at 5 and 60 min in HS treated pigs. Central venous and pulmonary arterial wedge pressures, and cardiac index increased significantly at 5 min after treatment with HS. Total peripheral resistance decreased significantly at 5 min, followed by a return to baseline in the HS group. These results suggest that HS is not a positive inotrope in the anaesthetized pig and that increases in cardiac index are primarily due to an increased preload.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, author={Hellyer, P. W. and Meyer, R. E.}, year={1994}, pages={211} }
 @article{hellyer_1994, title={Use of conductance catheter to assess the effect of endotoxemia on left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relationships in anesthetized swine}, volume={55}, number={4}, journal={American Journal of Veterinary Research}, author={Hellyer, P. W.}, year={1994}, pages={458} }
 @article{hellyer_meyer_olson_1993, title={Resuscitation of anesthetized endotoxemic pigs by use of hypertonic saline solution containing dextran}, volume={54}, number={2}, journal={American Journal of Veterinary Research}, author={Hellyer, P. W. and Meyer, R. E. and Olson, N. C.}, year={1993}, pages={280} }