@article{gieger_rassnick_siegel_proulx_bergman_anderson_ladue_smith_northrup_roberts_2008, title={Palliation of Clinical Signs in 48 Dogs With Nasal Carcinomas Treated With Coarse-fraction Radiation Therapy}, DOI={10.5326/0440116}, abstractNote={Data from 48 dogs with nasal carcinomas treated with palliative radiation therapy (PRT) were retrospectively reviewed. Factors potentially influencing resolution of clinical signs and survival after PRT were evaluated. Clinical signs completely resolved in 66% of dogs for a median of 120 days. The overall median survival time was 146 days. Duration of response to PRT was shorter in dogs that had clinical signs for <90 days before PRT. Survival times were shorter in dogs that had partial or no resolution of clinical signs after PRT than in dogs that had complete resolution of clinical signs.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association}, author={Gieger, Tracy and Rassnick, Kenneth and Siegel, Sheri and Proulx, David and Bergman, Philip and Anderson, Christine and LaDue, Tracy and Smith, Annette and Northrup, Nicole and Roberts, Royce}, year={2008}, month={May} }
 @article{ladue_dodge_page_price_hauck_thrall_1999, title={FACTORS INFLUENCING SURVIVAL AFTER RADIOTHERAPY OF NASAL TUMORS IN 130 DOGS}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.1999.tb00367.x}, abstractNote={Improvements in survival of dogs with nasal tumors have been slow to develop throughout the past three decades. Despite multiple studies examining various radiation time‐dose schema, the advancement of CT‐based computerized treatment planning, and the evaluation of detailed staging systems, the optimal treatment regimen, and most important prognostic factors regarding survival remain unclear. In this study, data from four previous studies were combined with data from 44 additional dogs, and this population of 130 dogs was evaluated for factors which influenced survival. Twenty‐one dogs were treated with orthovoltage at the University of Pennsylvania. One hundred nine dogs were treated with cobalt photons at North Carolina State University. Sixty‐five of these 109 dogs had been previously described. Of the 44 dogs not previously described, 35 were treated with a shrinking field technique. Survival was determined from the medical record, or from information derived by telephone or mail survey. The univariate Cox regression model was used to examine for relationship between various patient, tumor, and treatment variables and survival. Significant relationships identified in the univariate analysis were further analyzed using the multivariate Cox regression model. Median survival of the 130 dogs was 8.9 months (95% C.I., 8–11 months). In the univariate analysis, the following variables were associated with decreased survival: 1) age >10 years old, 2) regional lymph node metastasis, 3) advanced tumor stage, 4) use of megavoltage radiation, 5) overall total dose >55 Gray, and 6) boost technique performed. In a multivariate analysis of 125 dogs with complete data for age, radiation type, and radiation dose, age (p< .001) and radiation type (p = .02) were identified as joint predictors of survival. After adjusting for age, the staging system lost prognostic significance (p = .06). In a subset of dogs that received cobalt radiation, after adjusting for age, dogs treated with a boost technique had decreased survival (p = .001). In general, local control of canine nasal tumors following aggressive radiation therapy is poor. Early diagnosis and selection of appropriate patients is warranted and palliative types of treatment should be considered in dogs with a poor chance of long term survival.}, number={3}, journal={Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound}, author={LaDue, Tracy A. and Dodge, Richard and Page, Rodney L. and Price, G. Sylvester and Hauck, Marlene L. and Thrall, Donald E.}, year={1999}, month={May} }
 @article{ramirez_dodge_page_price_hauck_ladue_nutter_thrall_1999, title={PALLIATIVE RADIOTHERAPY OF APPENDICULAR OSTEOSARCOMA IN 95 DOGS}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.1999.tb00385.x}, abstractNote={Ninety‐five dogs with either a presumptive ( n = 24) or biopsy confirmed diagnosis ( n = 71) of soteosarcoma received palliative radiotherapy using 60 Co photons. Parallel opposed beams were used with each dog receivign either 10 Gy on days 0,7 and 21 ( n = 58) or 8 Gy on days 0 and 7 ( n = 37). The 8 Gy fractionation scheme was given with the intent of retreating upon relapse from pain relief. Only 9 of 37 (24%) dogs in the 8 Gy group returned for retreatment, Forty‐seven of the 95 dogs (49%) received concurrent or sequention chemotherapy. Seventy of the 95 dogs (74%) experienced pain relief following treatment. In dogs experiencing pain relief the median duration of response was 73 days. Numerous clinical variables were evaluated as predictors of response. The only variable significantly related to achieving a response was the use of chemotheraphy. The following variables were significanly related to the duration of response: extent of bone lysis, chemotherapy use, length of bone involved and tumor site (humerus). In a multivariate analysis ( n = 73 dogs), after adjusting for chemotherapy use, extent of bone involvement ( p = 0.01) and tumor site ( p = 0.02) retained statistical significance, while degree of bone lysis did not ( p = 0.11). No difference in response incidence or duration was found between 3 fractions of 10 Gy vs. 2 fractions of 8 Gy. Administration of a low initial dose with the intent of retreatment was not a successful strategy.}, number={4}, journal={Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound}, author={Ramirez, Oscar and Dodge, Richard K. and Page, Rodney L. and Price, G. Sylvester and Hauck, Marlene L. and Ladue, Tracy A. and Nutter, Felicia and Thrall, Donald E.}, year={1999}, month={Sep} }
 @article{ladue_price_dodge_page_thrall_1998, title={RADIATION THERAPY FOR INCOMPLETELY RESECTED CANINE MAST CELL TUMORS}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.1998.tb00326.x}, abstractNote={The records of 56 dogs treated with megavoltage radiation for mast cell neoplasia were reviewed to determine the efficacy of this treatment modality. Total radiation dose ranged from 45 to 57 Gray (Gy), dose per fraction ranged from 3.0 to 4.0 Gy, and radiation treatment time ranged from 14–28 days. Median disease free interval (95% CI) was 32.7 (19–70) months. Median disease free interval for dogs older than 7.5 years was 15 (lower limit 7) months as compared to 62 (lower limit 20) for dogs younger than 7.5 years of age (p = 0.006). Median disease free interval for dogs with measurable disease was 12 (lower limit 5) months as compared to 54 (32–70) months for dogs with microscopic disease (p = 0.006). Radiation treatment time was also significantly related to disease free interval. Median disease free interval for dogs treated longer than 22 days was 12 (7–19) months as compared to greater than 50 (lower limit 20) months for dogs treated in 22 or fewer days (p < 0.001). This appeared to be due to more recurrences in dogs treated with 3‐per‐week fractionation and suggests that tumor proliferation in the interfraction interval may be important. Sex, tumor location, histologic grade, WHO clinical stage, number of radiation fractions, total radiation dose, and dose‐per‐fraction, as well as the following “yes/no” variables: steroids given, surgery prior to radiation, lymph nodes irradiated, and development of another mast cell tumor did not appear to influence median disease free interval or survival. Data presented herein support megavoltage radiation as an effective treatment for canine mast cell neoplasia, and suggest that disease free interval in dogs treated with daily fractions may be longer than that achieved with alternating day fractions.}, number={1}, journal={Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound}, author={Ladue, Tracy and Price, G. Sylvester and Dodge, Richard and Page, Rodney L. and Thrall, Donald E.}, year={1998}, month={Jan} }
 @article{ladue‐miller_price_page_thrall_1996, title={RADIOTHERAPY OF CANINE NON‐TONSILLAR SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.1996.tb00817.x}, abstractNote={The records of 14 dogs treated with megavoltage radiation for non‐tonsillar oral squamous cell carcinoma were reviewed to determine the efficacy of this treatment modality. Total radiation dose was either 48 or 57 Gray (Gy), while dose per fraction was either 3.0 or 4.0 Gy. Median disease free interval and survival were 365 and 450 days, respectively. Median disease free interval was shorter in dogs older than nine years (210 days) as compared with dogs less than or equal to nine years old (470 days), (p < .005). Median survival was shorter in dogs older than nine years (315 days) as compared with dogs less than or equal to nine years old (1080 days), (p < 0.02). Weight, stage, anatomic subsite, intraoral location, duration of disease, prior surgery, and number of radiation fractions did not appear to influence disease free interval or survival. Data presented herein suggest that survival in dogs with non‐tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma receiving megavoltage radiation may be longer than that achieved with orthovoltage radiation or surgery. Megavoltage radiation appears to be an effective treatment for non‐tonsillar oral squamous cell carcinoma in dogs. Further study is needed to determine the optimal time‐dose sched‐ule.}, number={1}, journal={Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound}, author={LaDue‐Miller, Tracy and Price, G. Sylvester and Page, Rodney L. and Thrall, Donald E.}, year={1996}, month={Jan} }