@article{lee_cuomo_bourham_2004, title={Plasma characteristics in pulsed direct current reactive magnetron sputtering of aluminum nitride thin films}, volume={22}, ISSN={["1520-8559"]}, DOI={10.1116/1.1641049}, abstractNote={Plasma diagnostics is important to identify plasma parameters and generate reproducible plasma in magnetron sputtering. Langmuir probes have been used to measure local plasma parameters such as electron temperature (Te), charge densities (ne and ni), and plasma potential (Vp). Pulsed direct current (dc) power in the midfrequency range (50–250 kHz) has been used in growing insulating films without charging accumulations at target. Recent investigations showed increased energetic particle bombardment of the substrate in pulsed power. In this work, aluminum nitride thin films were fabricated by pulsed dc power sputter deposition. The argon and nitrogen plasma was characterized by Langmuir probe measurement. The electron temperature in argon and nitrogen plasma was observed to increased from 3.06 to 5.32 eV when the pulsed dc frequency increased from 75 to 250 kHz. The ion density and energy flux were found to increase with frequency. This is believed to be from the stochastic heating generated by the fast oscillation in the target voltage wave form. The measured plasma characteristics were correlated with the crystal orientation of AlN thin films. The crystal structure of AlN thin films changed to (002) preferred orientations as the ion and energy flux increased.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A}, author={Lee, Jung W. and Cuomo, Jerome J. and Bourham, Mohamed A.}, year={2004}, month={Mar}, pages={260–263} }
 @article{fan_lee_stolfo_miller_2000, title={A multiple model cost-sensitive approach for intrusion detection}, volume={1810}, number={2000}, journal={Machine Learning : ECML 2000}, author={Fan, W. and Lee, W. and Stolfo, S. J. and Miller, M.}, year={2000}, pages={142–153} }
 @article{lee_woolcott_basceri_lee_streiffer_kingon_yang_1998, title={Electrical properties of (Ba, Sr)TiO3 thin films prepared by liquid delivery MOCVD}, volume={32 pt.4}, number={suppl.}, journal={Journal of the Korean Physical Society}, author={Lee, W. J. and Woolcott, R. R. and Basceri, C. and Lee, H. Y. and Streiffer, S. K. and Kingon, A. I. and Yang, D. Y.}, year={1998}, pages={1652–1656} }