@article{edwards_boles_baurle_2012, title={Large-eddy/Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulation of a supersonic reacting wall jet}, volume={159}, ISSN={["1556-2921"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.combustflame.2011.10.009}, abstractNote={This work presents results from large-eddy/Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (LES/RANS) simulations of the well-known Burrows–Kurkov supersonic reacting wall-jet experiment. Generally good agreement with experimental mole fraction, stagnation temperature, and Pitot pressure profiles is obtained for non-reactive mixing of the hydrogen jet with a non-vitiated air stream. A lifted flame, stabilized between 15 and 20 cm downstream of the hydrogen jet, is formed for hydrogen injected into a vitiated air stream. Flame stabilization occurs closer to the hydrogen injection location when a three-dimensional combustor geometry (with boundary layer development resolved on all walls) is considered. Volumetric expansion of the reactive shear layer is accompanied by the formation of large eddies which interact strongly with the reaction zone. Time averaged predictions of the reaction zone structure show an under-prediction of the peak water concentration and stagnation temperature, relative to experimental data, but display generally good agreement with the extent of the reaction zone. Reactive scalar scatter plots indicate that the flame exhibits a transition from a partially-premixed flame structure, characterized by intermittent heat release, to a diffusion-flame structure that could probably be described by a strained laminar flamelet model.}, number={3}, journal={COMBUSTION AND FLAME}, author={Edwards, Jack R. and Boles, John A. and Baurle, Robert A.}, year={2012}, month={Mar}, pages={1127–1138} }
 @article{boles_edwards_baurle_2010, title={Large-Eddy/Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Simulations of Sonic Injection into Mach 2 Crossflow}, volume={48}, ISSN={["1533-385X"]}, DOI={10.2514/1.j050066}, abstractNote={Computational predictions of transverse injection of air, helium, and ethylene into a Mach 1.98 crossflow of air are presented. A hybrid large-eddy simulation/Reynolds-averaged Navier―Stokes turbulence model is used. A blending function, dependent on modeled turbulence variables, is used to shift the turbulence closure from the Menter t-ω model near solid surfaces to a Smagorinsky subgrid model in the outer part of the incoming boundary layer and in the jet mixing zone. The results show reasonably good agreement with time-averaged Mie-scattering images of the plume structure for both helium and air injection and with experimental surface pressure distributions, even though the penetration of the jet into the crossflow is slightly overpredicted. Predictions of ethylene mole fraction at several transverse stations within the plume are in good agreement with time-averaged Raman-scattering mole-fraction data. The model results are used to examine the validity of the commonly used assumption of the constant turbulent Schmidt number in the intense mixing zone downstream of the injection location. The assumption of a constant turbulent Schmidt is shown to be inadequate for jet mixing dominated by large-scale entrainment.}, number={7}, journal={AIAA JOURNAL}, author={Boles, John A. and Edwards, Jack R. and Baurle, Robert A.}, year={2010}, month={Jul}, pages={1444–1456} }