@article{hong_chang_raman_shay_hodur_2000, title={The interaction between Hurricane Opal (1995) and a warm core ring in the Gulf of Mexico}, volume={128}, ISSN={["0027-0644"]}, DOI={10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<1347:TIBHOA>2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract Hurricane Opal (1995) experienced a rapid, unexpected intensification in the Gulf of Mexico that coincided with its encounter with a warm core ring (WCR). The relative positions of Opal and the WCR and the timing of the intensification indicate strong air–sea interactions between the tropical cyclone and the ocean. To study the mutual response of Opal and the Gulf of Mexico, a coupled model is used consisting of a nonhydrostatic atmospheric component of the Naval Research Laboratory’s Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS), and the hydrostatic Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory’s Modular Ocean Model version 2 (MOM 2). The coupling between the ocean and the atmosphere components of the model are accomplished by conservation of heat, salt, momentum, as well as the sensible and latent heat fluxes at the air–sea interface. The atmospheric model has two nests with spatial resolutions of 0.6° and 0.2°. The ocean model has a uniform resolution of 0.2°. The oceanic model domain ...}, number={5}, journal={MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW}, author={Hong, XD and Chang, SW and Raman, S and Shay, LK and Hodur, R}, year={2000}, month={May}, pages={1347–1365} }
 @article{hong_raman_hodur_xu_1999, title={The mutual response of the tropical squall line and the ocean}, volume={155}, ISSN={["0033-4553"]}, DOI={10.1007/s000240050252}, number={1}, journal={PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS}, author={Hong, XD and Raman, S and Hodur, RM and Xu, L}, year={1999}, month={Jun}, pages={1–32} }
 @article{hong_leach_raman_1995, title={ROLE OF VEGETATION IN GENERATION OF MESOSCALE CIRCULATION}, volume={29}, ISSN={["1352-2310"]}, DOI={10.1016/1352-2310(94)00241-C}, abstractNote={A soil-vegetation module is incorporated into a two-dimensional mesoscale model for simulating mesoscale circulations that develop due to changes in surface characteristics. The model was verified by evaluating the diurnal changes of heat fluxes, surface temperature, soil moisture and soil water content with different vegetation covers using a one-dimensional version. Thermally induced mesoscale circulations between vegetated and bare soil areas are simulated with the two-dimensional model using three different types of bare soil adjacent to the vegetated area. The properties of the vegetation breeze, which are similar to that of a sea breeze, are investigated. The intensity of the vegetation breeze circulation is directly related to the characteristics of the bare soil. There is a strong relationship between surface fluxes and the intensity of the vegetation breeze circulation. More soil moisture is transferred to the atmosphere over the vegetated area than over the bare soil area. The effect of vegetation on planetary boundary layer (PBL) structure is presented by comparing the differences of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), eddy diffusivity and boundary layer height between vegetated area and bare soil area. The effect of bare soil properties on PBL structure is also described.}, number={16}, journal={ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT}, author={HONG, XD and LEACH, MJ and RAMAN, S}, year={1995}, month={Aug}, pages={2163–2176} }