@article{chhabra_shockley_conners_scott_wolfinger_kelly_2003, title={Carbohydrate-induced differential gene expression patterns in the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima}, volume={278}, ISSN={["1083-351X"]}, DOI={10.1074/jbc.M211748200}, abstractNote={The hyperthermophilic bacteriumThermotoga maritima MSB8 was grown on a variety of carbohydrates to determine the influence of carbon and energy source on differential gene expression. Despite the fact that T. maritima has been phylogenetically characterized as a primitive microorganism from an evolutionary perspective, results here suggest that it has versatile and discriminating mechanisms for regulating and effecting complex carbohydrate utilization. Growth ofT. maritima on monosaccharides was found to be slower than growth on polysaccharides, although growth to cell densities of 108 to 109 cells/ml was observed on all carbohydrates tested. Differential expression of genes encoding carbohydrate-active proteins encoded in the T. maritimagenome was followed using a targeted cDNA microarray in conjunction with mixed model statistical analysis. Coordinated regulation of genes responding to specific carbohydrates was noted. Although glucose generally repressed expression of all glycoside hydrolase genes, other sugars induced or repressed these genes to varying extents. Expression profiles of most endo-acting glycoside hydrolase genes correlated well with their reported biochemical properties, although exo-acting glycoside hydrolase genes displayed less specific expression patterns. Genes encoding selected putative ABC sugar transporters were found to respond to specific carbohydrates, and in some cases putative oligopeptide transporter genes were also found to respond to specific sugar substrates. Several genes encoding putative transcriptional regulators were expressed during growth on specific sugars, thus suggesting functional assignments. The transcriptional response ofT. maritima to specific carbohydrate growth substrates indicated that sugar backbone- and linkage-specific regulatory networks are operational in this organism during the uptake and utilization of carbohydrate substrates. Furthermore, the wide ranging collection of such networks in T. maritima suggests that this organism is capable of adapting to a variety of growth environments containing carbohydrate growth substrates.}, number={9}, journal={JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY}, author={Chhabra, SR and Shockley, KR and Conners, SB and Scott, KL and Wolfinger, RD and Kelly, RM}, year={2003}, month={Feb}, pages={7540–7552} }
 @article{ioannou_spector_scott_rockey_2002, title={Prospective evaluation of a clinical guideline for the diagnosis and management of iron deficiency anemia}, volume={113}, ISSN={["0002-9343"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0002-9343(02)01226-3}, abstractNote={We examined the effect of introducing an evidence-based clinical guideline on the diagnosis and evaluation of iron deficiency anemia.The guideline recommended measurement of serum ferritin levels for all anemic patients with a mean corpuscular volume (MCV) </=95 fL and endoscopic evaluation for those with a serum ferritin level less than 45 ng/mL. Physicians practicing in the general medicine inpatient and outpatient services of two university-affiliated hospitals were informed about the guideline and the data supporting it. Clinical evaluations during the 9 months before ("control period," n = 3341 patients) and the 9 months after ("intervention period," n = 3173 patients) the introduction of the guideline were compared.There was a 30% increase (95% confidence interval [CI]: 22% to 39%) in the proportion of anemic patients who underwent serum ferritin evaluation in the intervention period (41% [n = 1284]) compared with in the control period (31% [n = 1040]), and a 24% increase (95% CI: 4% to 48%) in the proportion with a serum ferritin level <45 ng/mL (8.1% [n = 256] vs. 6.5% [n = 217]). The proportion of anemic patients who underwent endoscopic evaluation within 4 months of measurement of low serum ferritin level in the intervention period (3.3% [n = 106]) was 67% higher (95% CI: 23% to 125%) than in the control period (2.0% [n = 67]), and the proportion with serious gastrointestinal lesions found as a result of endoscopy was 62% (95% CI: 8% to 145%) higher (1.8% [n = 57] vs. 1.1% [n = 37]).Introduction of a guideline describing appropriate evaluation of iron deficiency anemia led to an increase in the proportions of patients evaluated for iron deficiency anemia and found to have serious gastrointestinal lesions.}, number={4}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE}, author={Ioannou, GN and Spector, J and Scott, K and Rockey, DC}, year={2002}, month={Sep}, pages={281–287} }
 @article{wogalter_magurno_dietrich_scott_1999, title={Enhancing information acquisition for over-the-counter medications by making better use of container surface space}, volume={25}, ISSN={["0361-073X"]}, DOI={10.1080/036107399244129}, abstractNote={Most over-the-counter (OTC) pharmaceutical container labels are printed in very small type. Consequently, people with visual impairments (e.g., presbyopia in older adults) have difficult reading the material. Some OTC drugs are packaged in containers with easy-open caps. This design increases the surface area that could be used to enhance the labeling. In Experiment 1, older adults (M = 75.1 years, SD = 8.1) evaluated six container label variants for an actual OTC product. Besides having a multipanel main label, four containers had labels attached to the cap that displayed the most important information in large print but differed in color. Two control containers lacked a cap label; one had only a four-panel main label, and the other had only the front label. Participants ranked the containers on six dimensions (e.g., label noticeability, willingness to read). Results showed greater preference for containers with the cap labels. Experiment 2 again examined preferences but also measured information-acquisition performance after participants (M = 79 years, SD = 5.8) were briefly exposed to a realistic-appearing, but fictitious, OTC medication. Results showed greater knowledge and preference for containers with the cap labels. Experiment 2 showed that one of the cap colors (yellow) that was different from the main label was preferred over the white and orange (the same colors as on the main label), but color distinctiveness as an explanation was not fully supported because the green cap was not significantly different from the other cap labels. Implications for communicating information about OTC drugs using expanded labels are discussed.}, number={1}, journal={EXPERIMENTAL AGING RESEARCH}, author={Wogalter, MS and Magurno, AB and Dietrich, DA and Scott, KL}, year={1999}, pages={27–48} }