@article{bae_freeman_2007, title={Aquatic toxicity evaluation of copper-complexed direct dyes to the Daphnia magna}, volume={73}, ISSN={["0143-7208"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.dyepig.2005.10.019}, abstractNote={The aquatic toxicity of a series of copper-complexed direct dyes based on benzidine congeners, 2,2′-dimethyl-5,5′-dipropoxybenzidine and 5,5′-dipropoxybenzidine, were evaluated in acute toxicity studies using Daphnia magna. The purpose of the research described in this paper was to use bioassays with daphnids to determine the aquatic toxicity of metallized direct dyes synthesized. The results clearly show that all of the copper-complexed dyes examined were highly toxic to daphnids and more toxic than unmetallized new direct dyes as expected. The study also suggested that the assay with D. magna was an excellent method for evaluation of dyes for aquatic toxicity.}, number={1}, journal={DYES AND PIGMENTS}, author={Bae, Jin-Seok and Freeman, Harold S.}, year={2007}, pages={126–132} }
 @article{bae_freeman_2007, title={Aquatic toxicity evaluation of new direct dyes to the Daphnia magna}, volume={73}, ISSN={["0143-7208"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.dyepig.2005.10.015}, abstractNote={The aquatic toxicity of a series of new direct dyes based on benzidine congeners, 2,2′-dimethyl-5,5′-dipropoxybenzidine and 5,5′-dipropoxybenzidine, and a commercial dye (C.I. Direct Blue 218) were evaluated in acute toxicity studies using Daphnia magna. The purpose of the research described in this paper was to use bioassays with daphnids to determine the aquatic toxicity of new direct dyes synthesized. The results clearly show that C.I. Direct Blue 218 examined was highly toxic to daphnids and more toxic than unmetallized new direct dyes as expected. The study also suggested that the assay with D. magna was an excellent method for evaluation of dyes for aquatic toxicity.}, number={1}, journal={DYES AND PIGMENTS}, author={Bae, Jin-Seok and Freeman, Harold S.}, year={2007}, pages={81–85} }
 @article{bae_freeman_warren_claxton_2006, title={Evaluation of new 2,2 '-dimethyl-5,5 '-dipropoxybenzidine- and 3,3 '-dipropoxybenzidine-based direct dye analogs for mutagenic activity by use of the Salmonella/mammalian mutagenicity assay}, volume={603}, ISSN={["1879-3592"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.mrgentox.2005.11.007}, abstractNote={As part of a continuing study aimed at establishing structure–activity relationships and heuristic principles useful for the design of non-genotoxic azo dyes, a series of new direct dyes based on two non-mutagenic benzidine analogs, 2,2′-dimethyl-5,5′-dipropoxybenzidine and 3,3′-dipropoxybenzidine, were evaluated for mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100. These strains are widely used for mutagenicity screening and have been shown to detect the mutagenic activity of benzidine analogs. While some toxicity was seen with some dyes at high doses, all of the dyes examined were judged non-mutagenic with and without metabolic activation in the standard Salmonella plate-incorporation assay. The results in the standard test are consistent with the properties of the diamines themselves. However, only one of the dyes was non-mutagenic when a reductive-metabolism pre-incubation assay was used. The results of this study suggest that although benzidine analogs are potential replacements for benzidine, there is a need to understand which mutagenic products are produced when reductive metabolism is present. There is also a need to know whether or not metal complexes of these dyes are mutagenic. Such information will allow the development of new non-mutagenic azo dyes.}, number={2}, journal={MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS}, author={Bae, JS and Freeman, HS and Warren, SH and Claxton, LD}, year={2006}, month={Feb}, pages={173–185} }
 @article{bae_freeman_kim_2006, title={Influences of new azo dyes to the aquatic ecosystem}, volume={7}, ISSN={["1229-9197"]}, DOI={10.1007/BF02933599}, number={1}, journal={FIBERS AND POLYMERS}, author={Bae, JS and Freeman, HS and Kim, SD}, year={2006}, month={Mar}, pages={30–35} }
 @article{bae_freeman_2005, title={Evaluation of new direct dyes for mutagenicity using the Salmonella mammalian mutagenicity assay}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1875-0052"]}, DOI={10.1007/BF02875665}, number={4}, journal={FIBERS AND POLYMERS}, author={Bae, JS and Freeman, HS}, year={2005}, month={Dec}, pages={297–305} }
 @article{bae_freeman_2005, title={Evaluation of new metallized direct dyes for mutagenicity using the Salmonella mammalian mutagenicity assay}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1229-9197"]}, DOI={10.1007/BF02875648}, number={3}, journal={FIBERS AND POLYMERS}, author={Bae, JS and Freeman, HS}, year={2005}, month={Sep}, pages={235–243} }
 @article{bae_freeman_el-shafei_2003, title={Metallization of non-genotoxic direct dyes}, volume={57}, ISSN={["0143-7208"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0037967378&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/S0143-7208(02)00120-1}, abstractNote={Copper (II) salts were used as metallizing agents in the synthesis of new direct dyes for cotton. In this regard, direct dyes possessing ortho-propoxy, ortho′-hydroxy-substituted systems formed the corresponding dye–metal complexes. The complexes were characterized by neutron activation and spectrometric analyses and evaluated on cotton for color fastness.}, number={2}, journal={DYES AND PIGMENTS}, author={Bae, JS and Freeman, HS and El-Shafei, A}, year={2003}, month={May}, pages={121–129} }
 @article{bae_freeman_2002, title={Copper salts in the post-metallization of non-genotoxic direct dyes}, volume={3}, ISSN={["1229-9197"]}, DOI={10.1007/BF02912659}, number={4}, journal={FIBERS AND POLYMERS}, author={Bae, JS and Freeman, HS}, year={2002}, month={Dec}, pages={147–152} }
 @article{bae_freeman_2002, title={Synthesis and evaluation of non-genotoxic direct dyes}, volume={3}, ISSN={["1229-9197"]}, DOI={10.1007/BF02912658}, number={4}, journal={FIBERS AND POLYMERS}, author={Bae, JS and Freeman, HS}, year={2002}, month={Dec}, pages={140–146} }
 @article{freeman_bae_2001, title={Direct dyes from non-genotoxic diamines}, volume={1}, number={9}, journal={AATCC Review}, author={Freeman, H. and Bae, J-S.}, year={2001}, pages={67} }
 @article{bae_freeman_2001, title={Direct dyes from nongenotoxic diamines}, volume={1}, number={9}, journal={AATCC Review}, author={Bae, J. S. and Freeman, H. S.}, year={2001}, pages={67–70} }