@article{borkhataria_collazo_groom_2012, title={Species abundance and potential biological control services in shade vs. sun coffee in Puerto Rico}, volume={151}, ISSN={["0167-8809"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.agee.2012.01.025}, abstractNote={Birds, lizards and insects were surveyed in three sun and three shade coffee plantations in Puerto Rico to provide a comprehensive comparison of biodiversity between plantations types and to identify potential interrelationships (e.g., biological or natural control services) between members of each taxon and coffee pests. Abundance of avian species, including insectivorous species, was significantly higher in shade coffee. Anolis cristatellus and A. stratulus were significantly more abundant in sun plantations whereas A. gundlachi and A. evermanni were detected more frequently in shade plantations. Insects in the orders Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Neuroptera, and Psocoptera were significantly more abundant in shade coffee, while orthopterans were more abundant in sun. The coffee leaf miner (Leucoptera coffeela) and the flatid planthopper (Petrusa epilepsis) did not differ significantly between plantation types, nor did the abundance of the wasp complex that parasitizes the coffee leaf miner. These findings confirmed that shade plantations harbor a wide array of elements of biodiversity; but sun plantations may also harbor many elements of biodiversity, and in some cases, in higher abundance than in shade plantations.}, journal={AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT}, author={Borkhataria, Rena R. and Collazo, Jaime A. and Groom, Martha J.}, year={2012}, month={Apr}, pages={1–5} }
 @article{miller_groom_hess_steelman_stokes_thompson_bowman_fricke_king_marquardt_2009, title={Biodiversity Conservation in Local Planning}, volume={23}, ISSN={["1523-1739"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01110.x}, abstractNote={Abstract: Local land‐use policy is increasingly being recognized as fundamental to biodiversity conservation in the United States. Many planners and conservation scientists have called for broader use of planning and regulatory tools to support the conservation of biodiversity at local scales. Yet little is known about the pervasiveness of these practices. We conducted an on‐line survey of county, municipal, and tribal planning directors(n =116)in 3 geographic regions of the United States: metropolitan Seattle, Washington; metropolitan Des Moines, Iowa; and the Research Triangle, North Carolina. Our objectives were to gauge the extent to which local planning departments address biodiversity conservation and to identify factors that facilitate or hinder conservation actions in local planning. We found that biodiversity conservation was seldom a major consideration in these departments. Staff time was mainly devoted to development mandates and little time was spent on biodiversity conservation. Regulations requiring conservation actions that might benefit biodiversity were uncommon, with the exception of rules governing water quality in all 3 regions and the protection of threatened and endangered species in the Seattle region. Planning tools that could enhance habitat conservation were used infrequently. Collaboration across jurisdictions was widespread, but rarely focused on conservation. Departments with a conservation specialist on staff tended to be associated with higher levels of conservation actions. Jurisdictions in the Seattle region also reported higher levels of conservation action, largely driven by state and federal mandates. Increased funding was most frequently cited as a factor that would facilitate greater consideration of biodiversity in local planning. There are numerous opportunities for conservation biologists to play a role in improving conservation planning at local scales.}, number={1}, journal={CONSERVATION BIOLOGY}, author={Miller, James R. and Groom, Martha and Hess, George R. and Steelman, Toddi and Stokes, David L. and Thompson, Jan and Bowman, Troy and Fricke, Laura and King, Brandon and Marquardt, Ryan}, year={2009}, month={Feb}, pages={53–63} }
 @article{thompson_hess_bowman_magnusdottir_stubbs-gipson_groom_miller_steelman_stokes_2009, title={Courses without Borders?: Collaborative graduate education across multiple campuses}, volume={38}, journal={Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education}, author={Thompson, J. R. and Hess, G. R. and Bowman, T. A. and Magnusdottir, H. and Stubbs-Gipson, C. E. and Groom, M. and Miller, J. R. and Steelman, T. A. and Stokes, D. L.}, year={2009} }
 @article{miller_groom_hess_stokes_thomson_bowman_fricke_king_marquadt_2008, title={Where is biodiversity conservation in local planning?}, journal={Conservation Biology}, author={Miller, J. R. and Groom, M. and Hess, G. R. and Stokes, D. L. and Thomson, J. and Bowman, T. and Fricke, L. and King, B. and Marquadt, R.}, year={2008} }
 @article{saracco_collazo_groom_carlo_2005, title={Crop size and fruit neighborhood effects on bird visitation to fruiting Schefflera morototoni trees in Puerto Rico}, volume={37}, ISSN={["1744-7429"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1744-7429.2005.04040.x}, abstractNote={ABSTRACTStudies of zoochorous seed dispersal systems often consider crop size, yet seldom consider the kinds and amounts of fruits surrounding parent plants (the fruit neighborhood) when attempting to explain among‐plant variation in fruit removal. We studied avian frugivory at 24 Schefflera morototoni trees from February to May 1998 in central Puerto Rico. The number of fruits removed by avian seed dispersers per visit was similar among focal trees (typically 2–4). In contrast, visitation rate was highly variable (range: 0–71 visits per 4 h). We used multiple regression analyses to evaluate the relative roles of crop size (focal tree ripe fruit abundance) and fruit neighborhood variables (measured within 30 m of focal trees) in affecting visitation to focal trees by avian frugivores. Visitation rate was positively related to crop size (although this variable was only significant in one of four regression models considered) and negatively related to the presence or abundance of conspecific fruits, suggesting that trees competed intraspecifically for dispersers. Relationships between visitation and heterospecific fruits were mixed—some kinds of fruits appeared to enhance visitation to focal trees, while others seemed to reduce visitation. In most regression models, neighborhood variables had larger effects on visitation than focal tree fruit crop size. Our results highlight the important effects of local fruiting environments on the ability of individual plants to attract seed dispersers.}, number={1}, journal={BIOTROPICA}, author={Saracco, JF and Collazo, JA and Groom, MJ and Carlo, TA}, year={2005}, month={Mar}, pages={81–87} }
 @article{saracco_collazo_groom_2004, title={How do frugivores track resources? Insights from spatial analyses of bird foraging in a tropical forest}, volume={139}, ISSN={["1432-1939"]}, DOI={10.1007/s00442-004-1493-7}, abstractNote={Frugivores often track ripe fruit abundance closely across local areas despite the ephemeral and typically patchy distributions of this resource. We use spatial auto- and cross-correlation analyses to quantify spatial patterns of fruit abundance and avian frugivory across a 4-month period within a forested 4.05-ha study grid in Puerto Rico. Analyses focused on two tanager species, Spindalis portoricensis and Nesospingus speculiferus, and their principal food plants. Three broad questions are addressed: (1). at what spatial scales is fruit abundance and frugivory patchy; (2). at what spatial scales do frugivores respond to fruit abundance; and (3). to what extent do spatial patterns of frugivory overlap between bird species? Fruit patch size, species composition, and heterogeneity was variable among months, despite fruit patch locations remaining relatively consistent between months. Positive correlations between frugivory and fruit abundance suggested tanagers successfully tracked fruit abundance. Frugivory was, however, more localized than fruit abundance. Scales of spatial overlap in frugivory and monthly variation in the foraging locations of the two tanager species suggested that interspecific facilitation may have been important in determining bird foraging locations. In particular, S. portoricensis, a specialist frugivore, may have relied on the loud calls of the gregarious generalist, N. speculiferus, to find new foraging areas. Such a mechanism could help explain the formation of mixed species feeding flocks and highlights the potential importance of facilitation between species that share resources.}, number={2}, journal={OECOLOGIA}, author={Saracco, JF and Collazo, JA and Groom, MJ}, year={2004}, month={Apr}, pages={235–245} }
 @article{carlo_collazo_groom_2004, title={Influences of fruit diversity and abundance on bird use of two shaded coffee plantations}, volume={36}, ISSN={["0006-3606"]}, DOI={10.1646/1604}, abstractNote={We studied avian foraging at two shaded coffee plantations in Ciales, Puerto Rico. Both coffee plantations contained patches of second-growth forest but differed in shade types; one was a rustic plantation with a species-diverse shade including many fruiting plant species and the other was a commercial polyculture shaded almost solely by Inga vera. We quantified foraging activity of five fruit-eating bird species (Euphonia musica, Loxigilla portoricensis, Nesospingus speculiferus, Spindalis portoricensis, and Vireo altiloquous) and monthly fruit abundance in the coffee plantation and adjacent second-growth forest habitats at each site. Fruits comprised more than 50 percent of the diets for four of five focal bird species. We found a significant difference in the number of foraging records for focal bird species between coffee and forest habitats in the commercial polyculture but found few differences between these habitats in the rustic coffee farm. Overall, foraging activity was positively correlated with the abundance of fruits across study sites. Bird foraging was concentrated on plant species in the genera Cecropia, Miconia, Schefflera, Phoradendron, and Guarea, which together accounted for over 50 percent of frugivory records. Plant species in such genera fruited over prolonged time periods and provided birds with a fairly constant fruit supply. Our findings underscore the importance of fruiting plant species in making coffee plantations suitable habitat for birds and suggest that native fruiting plants be incorporated in coffee farms for avian conservation.}, number={4}, journal={BIOTROPICA}, author={Carlo, TA and Collazo, JA and Groom, MJ}, year={2004}, month={Dec}, pages={602–614} }
 @article{davis_simons_groom_weaver_cordes_2001, title={The breeding status of the American Oystercatcher on the east coast of North America and breeding success in North Carolina}, volume={24}, ISSN={["1524-4695"]}, DOI={10.2307/1522030}, abstractNote={-We studied American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus) by examining reproductive success and the factors affecting it at one location, and by examining the status and trends of breeding population numbers from Florida to Nova Scotia on the east coast of North America. We conducted our field research on Cape Lookout National Seashore, Carteret County, North Carolina from 1997 to 1999, and we documented larger scale breeding population trends by contacting state biologists and reviewing the literature and historical accounts. Presence of eggs and young were checked two to five times per week (by observing from a distance), and efforts were made to determine the reasons for loss of the nest contents. We monitored a total of 245 nests and found low productivity. At least one egg in 32 (13%) nests hatched and one or more chicks fledged from 12 broods. Overall, 14 chicks successfully fledged (nine from North Core Banks and five from South Core Banks) during the three years of the study. Of the 213 clutches that did not hatch, 163 (76%) failed because of predation, and 46 (22%) because of overwash or severe weather. Our minimum estimate for the number of oystercatchers breeding along the entire Atlantic coast and the Gulf coast of Florida is 1,624 pairs. North of Virginia, numbers appear to be stable or slowly increasing and the species has expanded as far north as Cape Sable Island in Nova Scotia. From Virginia south, breeding numbers show a decline in recent years. The number of oystercatchers breeding on barrier islands in Virginia has decreased by more than 50% in the last 20 years. Given their relatively small numbers and inherently low productivity, American Oystercatchers are at risk in rapidly changing coastal ecosystems. Received 1 June 2000, accepted 11 October 2000.}, number={2}, journal={WATERBIRDS}, author={Davis, MB and Simons, TR and Groom, MJ and Weaver, JL and Cordes, JR}, year={2001}, month={Aug}, pages={195–202} }
 @article{groom_preuninger_2000, title={Population type can influence the magnitude of inbreeding depression in Clarkia concinna (Onagraceae)}, volume={14}, ISSN={["0269-7653"]}, DOI={10.1023/A:1010814302240}, number={3}, journal={EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY}, author={Groom, MJ and Preuninger, TE}, year={2000}, pages={155–180} }
 @article{groom_1998, title={Allee effects limit population viability of an annual plant}, volume={151}, ISSN={["0003-0147"]}, DOI={10.1086/286135}, abstractNote={Allee effects may be experienced by plants when populations are too small or isolated to receive sufficient pollinator services to replace themselves. This article reports experimental data from an annual herb, Clarkia concinna, documenting that small patches suffered reproductive failure due to lack of effective pollination when critical thresholds of isolation were exceeded. In contrast, sufficiently large patches attracted pollinators regardless of their degree of isolation. These data accord with data on patch extinctions showing that small and isolated patches have a higher extinction rate than do large patches and with observations showing chronically low reproductive success in such patches prior to extinction. While not conclusively demonstrating that Allee effects cause extinction in small and isolated patches, the data are suggestive. Although threshold effects have been postulated in several mathematical models of population viability, this is the first report of data from natural populations that display the occurrence of such thresholds. These results have implications for the management of endangered plants, which often are restricted to isolated, small populations, as well as suggesting a potential limit to spatial spread in plant populations dependent on animal vectors for reproduction.}, number={6}, journal={AMERICAN NATURALIST}, author={Groom, MJ}, year={1998}, month={Jun}, pages={487–496} }
 @inbook{groom_pascual_1998, title={The analysis of population persistence: An outlook on the practice of viability analysis}, booktitle={Conservation biology for the coming decade}, publisher={New York: Chapman & Hall}, author={Groom, M. J. and Pascual, M. A.}, editor={P. L. Fiedler and Kareiva, P. M.Editors}, year={1998}, pages={4–27} }