@article{clark_bowden_1997, title={Voltammetric peak broadening for cytochrome c/alkanethiolate monolayer structures: Dispersion of formal potentials}, volume={13}, ISSN={["0743-7463"]}, DOI={10.1021/la960650+}, abstractNote={Anomalous peak broadening is a persistent feature observed in the cyclic voltammetry of cytochrome c (cyt c) adsorbed on COOH−alkylthiolate/Au self-assembled monolayer electrodes. The origins of this broadening have been explored through variation of the electroactive cytochrome c surface concentration (Γ). Cytochrome submonolayers were prepared using two different methods. In the first method, submonolayers were created by partial desorption of an electroactive cyt c monolayer by exposure to higher ionic strength buffers. The apparent voltammetric properties of these submonolayers were dependent on Γ, exhibiting decreasing formal potentials, increasing electron-transfer rates, and decreasing peak widths as Γ → 0. On the other hand, submonolayers prepared according to the second method, in which partial desorption of a preadsorbed blocking monolayer of electroinactive porphyrin cyt c was followed by adsorption of active cyt c to the unblocked sites, exhibited opposite trends, i.e., increasing formal poten...}, number={3}, journal={LANGMUIR}, author={Clark, RA and Bowden, EF}, year={1997}, month={Feb}, pages={559–565} }
 @misc{song_clark_bowden_tarlov_1993, title={CHARACTERIZATION OF CYTOCHROME-C ALKANETHIOLATE STRUCTURES PREPARED BY SELF-ASSEMBLY ON GOLD}, volume={97}, ISSN={["0022-3654"]}, DOI={10.1021/j100126a037}, abstractNote={Composite monolayer structures comprised of cytochrome c strongly adsorbed to alkanethiolate self-assembled (SA) monolayers on sputter-deposited gold film electrodes, i.e., cyt c/HOOC(CH 2 )nS/Au (n=5, 10, 15), were examined using cyclicvoltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Monolayer coverage of cytochrome c in a stable, functional, electroactive state was obtained in neutral phosphate buffer of low ionic strength for the thickest film (n=15). Somewhat lower electroactive coverages were generally observed with the thinner SA monolayers (n=5, 10)}, number={24}, journal={JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY}, author={SONG, S and CLARK, RA and BOWDEN, EF and TARLOV, MJ}, year={1993}, month={Jun}, pages={6564–6572} }