@article{huh_suh_2003, title={Measuring thickness variations in fiber bundles with a flying laser spot scanning method}, volume={73}, ISSN={["0040-5175"]}, DOI={10.1177/004051750307300904}, abstractNote={Apparent thickness variations in yarn have a decisive influence on its performance and textile processing efficiency. Yarn thickness has an even more critical influence on the quality of fabrics made from it. This study describes a method for measuring and analyzing the cross-sectional variations of fiber bundles on the basis of a new measurement system consisting of a flying laser spot and a photoelectric sensor. A yarn sample is used to test the feasibility of this measuring system and the usefulness of the results. The analysis shows that the new system has good reproducibility of the measured results and permits extraction of new information on yarn irregularity for shorter wavelengths than conventional devices. Furthermore, the data analysis process can be efficiently automated.}, number={9}, journal={TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}, author={Huh, Y and Suh, MW}, year={2003}, month={Sep}, pages={767–773} }
 @article{suh_orr_van duyn_borchert_2002, title={Influence of cotton microhabitat on temperature and survival of Trichogramma (Hymenoptera : Trichogrammatidae) within cardboard capsules}, volume={31}, ISSN={["1938-2936"]}, DOI={10.1603/0046-225X-31.2.361}, abstractNote={Abstract Field studies were conducted in 1996 and 1997 to determine the most suitable release sites in cotton for inundatively released encapsulated Trichogramma exiguum Pinto & Platner. Atypical applications of a plant growth regulator, mepiquat chloride (Pix), were used to manipulate cotton plant size and canopy closure to produce a range of plant sizes that might be present in North Carolina when Trichogramma releases for suppression of third-generation (F3) heliothines were made. Pix treatments had a significant effect on canopy closure, which significantly influenced the number of hours soil surface temperatures between rows were ≥35°C. The mean daily number of hours temperatures were ≥35°C was greatest on the soil surface between rows, followed by in the canopy, then soil surface within rows. A significant correlation between the number of hours preimaginal Trichogramma were exposed to temperatures ≥35°C and Trichogramma emergence was found in 1997. Consequently, suitability of the soil surface as a release site for Trichogramma capsules depended significantly on the level of canopy closure, location of capsules relative to the center of rows, and length of time capsules remained in the field before parasitoid emergence. Our results indicate that these factors should be considered when implementing augmentative releases of Trichogramma wasps in cotton.}, number={2}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Suh, CPC and Orr, DB and Van Duyn, JW and Borchert, DM}, year={2002}, month={Apr}, pages={361–366} }
 @article{orr_suh_philip_mccravy_debarr_2002, title={The potential for Trichogramma releases to suppress tip moth populations in pine plantations}, journal={The Nantucket pine tip moth : old problems, new research : proceedings of an informal conference, the Entomological Society of America, annual meeting, December 12-16, 1999, Atlanta, Georgia}, publisher={Asheville, NC : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station}, author={Orr, D. B. and Suh, C. P. C. and Philip, M. and McCravy, K. W. and DeBarr, G. L.}, editor={C. W. Berisford and Grosman, D. M.Editors}, year={2002} }
 @article{suh_orr_van duyn_2000, title={Effect of insecticides on Trichogramma exiguum (Trichogrammatidae : Hymenoptera) preimaginal development and adult survival}, volume={93}, ISSN={["0022-0493"]}, DOI={10.1603/0022-0493-93.3.577}, abstractNote={Abstract The effect of insecticides on Trichogramma exiguum Pinto & Platner emergence, adult survival, and fitness parameters was investigated. Insecticides tested were lambda cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, thiodicarb, profenophos, spinosad, methoxyfenozide, and tebufenozide. All insecticides, with the exception of methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide, adversely affected Trichogramma emergence from Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) host eggs when exposed at different preimaginal stages of development (larval, prepupal, or pupal). Regardless of the developmental stage treated, none of the insecticides tested had a significant effect on the sex ratio or frequency of brachyptery of emerged females. However, the mean life span of emerged T. exiguum females significantly varied among insecticide treatments, and was significantly affected by the developmental stage of parasitoid when treated. Based on LC50 values, spinosad and prophenofos were the most toxic compounds to female T. exiguum adults, followed by lambda cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, and thiodicarb. Insecticides field-weathered for four to 6 d on cotton leaves showed no activity against female T. exiguum adults.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Suh, CPC and Orr, DB and Van Duyn, JW}, year={2000}, month={Jun}, pages={577–583} }
 @article{orr_suh_2000, title={Evaluation of inundative releases of Trichogramma exiguum (Hymenoptera : Trichogrammatidae) for suppression of nantucket pine tip moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) in pine (Pinaceae) plantations}, volume={132}, ISSN={["1918-3240"]}, DOI={10.4039/Ent132373-3}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST}, author={Orr, DB and Suh, CPC}, year={2000}, pages={373–386} }
 @article{suh_orr_van duyn_borchert_2000, title={Trichogramma exiguum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) releases in North Carolina cotton: Evaluation of heliothine pest suppression}, volume={93}, ISSN={["0022-0493"]}, DOI={10.1603/0022-0493-93.4.1127}, abstractNote={Abstract Field studies were conducted in 1996 and 1997 to reevaluate the use of augmentative releases of Trichogramma wasps for heliothine management in cotton. In 1996, nine releases of Trichogramma exiguum Pinto & Platner, spaced 3–4 d apart, were made into three 0.4-ha cotton plots. Six weekly releases were made in 1997, each containing two T. exiguum cohorts developmentally staggered by 45°C degree-days. Field release rates, estimated from laboratory and field quality control data, averaged 108,357 T. exiguum ♀♀ per hectare per cohort per release in 1996 and 193,366 ♀♀ per hectare per cohort per release in 1997. In 1996, mean ± SD adult emergence under laboratory conditions for released cohorts was 92 ± 7%; 62 ± 5% of emerged adults were females, 3 ± 2% of females displayed brachyptery (nonfunctional wings), mean female longevity under laboratory conditions was 15 ± 4 d, and mean ± SD field emergence was 97 ± 2%. Quality control measurements were similar in 1997. In 1996, mean ± SD percent parasitism of heliothine eggs in field plots on the sampled dates ranged from 67 ± 4 to 83 ± 5% in T. exiguum release plots and 25 ± 9 to 55 ± 8% in control plots. In 1997, parasitism levels ranged from 74 ± 4 to 89 ± 5% in T. exiguum release plots and 18 ± 18 to 69 ± 11% in control plots. Despite increased parasitism levels in T. exiguum release plots, there were no significant differences in density of fifth instars, boll damage, or yield between T. exiguum release and control plots. Therefore, it is concluded that Trichogramma augmentation is not an effective heliothine management tool in North Carolina cotton.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Suh, CPC and Orr, DB and Van Duyn, JW and Borchert, DM}, year={2000}, month={Aug}, pages={1127–1136} }
 @article{suh_orr_van duyn_2000, title={Trichogramma releases in North Carolina cotton: Why releases fail to suppress heliothine pests}, volume={93}, ISSN={["0022-0493"]}, DOI={10.1603/0022-0493-93.4.1137}, abstractNote={Abstract Field studies were conducted in 1996 and 1997 to determine the fate of naturally oviposited F3 heliothine eggs in cotton plots treated with augmentative releases of Trichogramma exiguum Pinto & Platner and nontreated plots. Four cohorts of newly oviposited eggs (<24 h old) were followed in 1996 and two cohorts in 1997. In 1996, mean ± SD percent parasitism, estimated by in-field studies following the fate of naturally oviposited eggs, ranged from 7 ± 7 to 61 ± 8% in T. exiguum release plots and 0 ± 0 to 35 ± 13% in control plots. The mean ± SD percent of eggs hatched in T. exiguum release plots ranged from 1 ± 2 to 11 ± 4% and 7 ± 4 to 28 ± 10% in control plots. In 1997, mean ± SD percent egg parasitism ranged from 27 ± 4 to 40 ± 3% in T. exiguum release plots and 15 ± 18 to 25 ± 8% in control plots. The mean ± SD percent of eggs hatched in T. exiguum release plots ranged from 7 ± 3 to 12 ± 2% and 18 ± 6 to 28 ± 8% in control plots. Despite increased parasitism and reduced egg hatch in T. exiguum release plots, overall, there was no significant difference in larval density (all instars combined) between T. exiguum release and control plots. Combined analysis of the heliothine larval populations and egg fate data revealed that the additional egg mortality produced by released T. exiguum was offset by lower larval mortality in release plots. Because of the occurrence of compensatory mortality, the egg stage of heliothines is not an appropriate target for biological control using Trichogramma wasp releases.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Suh, CPC and Orr, DB and Van Duyn, JW}, year={2000}, month={Aug}, pages={1137–1145} }
 @article{suh_axtell_1999, title={Lagenidium giganteum zoospores: Effects of concentration, movement, light, and temperature on infection of mosquito larvae}, volume={15}, ISSN={["1090-2112"]}, DOI={10.1006/bcon.1998.0691}, abstractNote={Assays conducted with a California isolate ofLagenidium giganteumrevealed that the LC50against second-instarCulex quinquefasciatuslarvae in pond water was 26 zoospores/ml. The maximum distance that zoospores swam horizontally and infected second-instar larvae was 60 cm. The maximum depth from which zoospores moved upward in a column of water and infected larvae was between 30 and 40 cm. The release depth of zoospores in a column of water at which 50% larval mortality occurred was 19.6 cm. Free-swimming zoospores did not exhibit positive or negative attraction to incandescent light as evidenced by larval mortality. Survival of zoospores as indicated by mosquito larval mortality was greatest at 25°C and was similar at 30, 33, and 35°C. No infection occurred at 17°C and <20% larval mortality occurred at 19°C for any age of zoospores.}, number={1}, journal={BIOLOGICAL CONTROL}, author={Suh, CP and Axtell, RC}, year={1999}, month={May}, pages={33–38} }
 @article{suh_orr_van-duyn_1998, title={Reevaluation of Trichogramma releases for suppression of heliothine pests in cotton}, volume={2}, number={1998}, journal={Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Proceedings}, author={Suh, C. P. C. and Orr, D. B. and Van-Duyn, J. W.}, year={1998}, pages={1098–1101} }