Katherine Reed Saul

Works (53)

Updated: April 5th, 2024 08:04

2024 review

Fiber-type traps: revisiting common misconceptions about skeletal muscle fiber types with application to motor control, biomechanics, physiology, and biology

[Review of ]. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 136(1), 109–121.

By: S. Blemker *, S. Brooks *, K. Esser * & K. Saul n

author keywords: fiber type; myosin; skeletal muscle
TL;DR: This synthesis paper is to bring together research perspectives across multiple muscle fields to identify common assumptions related to muscle fiber type that are points of concern to clarify and stress the dangers of generalizing findings about "muscle fiber types" among muscles or across species or sex. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: January 29, 2024

2024 journal article

Modified motor unit properties in residual muscle following transtibial amputation

JOURNAL OF NEURAL ENGINEERING, 21(1).

By: N. Rubin *, R. Hinson *, K. Saul n, W. Filer *, X. Hu * & H. Huang n 

author keywords: amputation; firing rate; motor unit; recruitment threshold; surface electromyogram
TL;DR: Models of MU recruitment and discharge patterns for residual muscle EMG generation need reparameterization to account for disturbances observed, and peripheral neuromuscular damage also leads to spinal-level functional reorganization. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID
Added: February 12, 2024

2024 personal communication

Reply to Drs. Reggiani and Murgia

Blemker, S. S., Brooks, S. V., Esser, K. A., & Saul, K. R. (2024, February 1).

By: S. Blemker *, S. Brooks *, K. Esser * & K. Saul n

Source: Web Of Science
Added: March 4, 2024

2024 journal article

The Relationship Between Elbow Flexion Postures and Overhead Reaching in Birth Brachial Plexus Injuries

PEDIATRIC PHYSICAL THERAPY, 36(1), 62–69.

By: T. Goins n, J. Fox n, K. Saul n, C. Servello n & J. Sullivan n

author keywords: biceps; birth brachial plexus; shoulder elevation
TL;DR: Elbow postures in elongated postures, via immobilization, may result in higher shoulder elevation due to increased passive forces when there is an altered muscle state of the biceps in this population of children with a birth brachial plexus injury. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: February 19, 2024

2023 journal article

Ankle Torque Estimation With Motor Unit Discharges in Residual Muscles Following Lower-Limb Amputation

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL SYSTEMS AND REHABILITATION ENGINEERING, 31, 4821–4830.

By: N. Rubin*, R. Hinson*, K. Saul n, X. Hu* & H. Huang* 

author keywords: Amputation; EMG; motor unit; neural-machine interface; prosthesis control
TL;DR: Results suggest MUDrive significantly outperforms EMG and ND methods in muscles of NON, as well as both intact and residual muscles of AMP, and integrating MU discharges with modeled biomechanical outputs may provide a more accurate torque control signal than direct EMG control of assistive, lower-limb devices. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID
Added: March 11, 2024

2023 journal article

Cosimulation of the index finger extensor apparatus with finite element and musculoskeletal models

JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS, 157.

By: C. Jadelis n, B. Ellis*, D. Kamper n & K. Saul n

TL;DR: The ability of the cosimulation to predict global behavior of the extensor mechanism, while enabling measurement of stresses and strains within the structure itself, is demonstrated. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 14, 2023

2023 journal article

The influence of induced gait asymmetry on joint reaction forces

JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS, 153.

By: E. McCain*, M. Dalman n, M. Berno n, T. Libera n, M. Lewek*, G. Sawicki*, K. Saul n

author keywords: Musculoskeletal modeling; Simulation; Joint restriction; Joint reaction force
MeSH headings : Humans; Gait / physiology; Knee Joint / physiology; Lower Extremity / physiology; Knee; Walking / physiology; Biomechanical Phenomena
TL;DR: While joint restriction results in increased limb loading, reductions in muscle forces counteract changes in limb loading such that JRFs were relatively unchanged, similar to other JRFs investigated. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: June 12, 2023

2022 journal article

A Direct Comparison of Node and Element-Based Finite Element Modeling Approaches to Study Tissue Growth

JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME, 144(1).

By: D. Howe n, N. Dixit n, K. Saul n & M. Fisher n

MeSH headings : Bone and Bones; Finite Element Analysis; Models, Biological
TL;DR: The importance of the choice of implementation approach for modeling growth is illustrated, a framework for converting models between implementation approaches is provided, and important considerations for comparing results in prior work and developing new models of tissue growth are highlighted. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: January 3, 2022

2022 article

Ergonomic Assessment of Surgeon Characteristics and Laparoscopic Device Strain in Gynecologic Surgery

Wong, J. M. K., Moore, K. J., Lewis, P., Reid, M., Saul, K., & Carey, E. T. (2022, December). JOURNAL OF MINIMALLY INVASIVE GYNECOLOGY, Vol. 29, pp. 1357–1363.

By: J. Wong, K. Moore, P. Lewis, M. Reid, K. Saul* & E. Carey

author keywords: Gynecologic surgical procedures; Minimally invasive surgery; Occupational diseases; Sex bias; Surgical instruments
MeSH headings : Male; Humans; Female; Prospective Studies; Ergonomics; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; Surgeons; Laparoscopy
TL;DR: Surgeons with smaller hand size experienced a greater grip strength decline and greater ergonomic workload during repetitive laparoscopic device use, which point towards ergonomic strain stemming from an improper fit between the laparoscope device and the surgeon's hand during device use. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
4. Quality Education (Web of Science)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: January 17, 2023

2022 journal article

Evaluating anthropometric scaling of a generic adult model to represent pediatric shoulder strength

JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS, 141.

By: M. Dalman n, A. Liao * & K. Saul n

author keywords: Anthropometrics; Pediatric; Upper limb; Modeling; Shoulder; Anthropometrics; Pediatric; Upper limb; Modeling; Shoulder
MeSH headings : Adolescent; Adult; Anthropometry; Child; Humans; Muscle Strength / physiology; Muscle, Skeletal / physiology; Shoulder / physiology; Shoulder Joint / physiology; Upper Extremity
TL;DR: This work provides an initial basis for pediatric scaling but illustrates the important need for additional direct measures of muscle size and limb strength and function in a pediatric population. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: July 26, 2022

2022 journal article

Sensitivity analysis guided improvement of an electromyogram-driven lumped parameter musculoskeletal hand model

JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS, 141.

By: R. Hinson Jr, K. Saul n, D. Kamper n & H. Huang n 

Contributors: R. Hinson  n, K. Saul n, D. Kamper n & H. Huang n 

author keywords: Musculoskeletal modeling; Optimization; Upper limb; Rehabilitation; Musculoskeletal modeling; Optimization; Upper limb; Rehabilitation
MeSH headings : Biomechanical Phenomena; Electromyography; Hand / physiology; Humans; Models, Biological; Muscle, Skeletal / physiology; Wrist / physiology; Wrist Joint / physiology
TL;DR: This study demonstrated how sensitivity analyses can be used to guide model refinement and inform novel and improved optimization strategies, facilitating implementation of musculoskeletal models for clinical applications. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID
Added: July 9, 2022

2021 journal article

Influence of Brachial Plexus Birth Injury Location on Glenohumeral Joint Morphology

JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME, 46(6).

By: N. Dixit n, C. McCormick n, J. Cole n  & K. Saul n

author keywords: Brachial plexus birth injury; glenoid inclination; glenoid version; humeral head morphology; radius of curvature
MeSH headings : Animals; Birth Injuries / diagnostic imaging; Brachial Plexus / diagnostic imaging; Brachial Plexus / injuries; Brachial Plexus Neuropathies / diagnostic imaging; Brachial Plexus Neuropathies / etiology; Humans; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Shoulder Joint / diagnostic imaging; X-Ray Microtomography
TL;DR: It is suggested that glenoid deformities occur after postganglionics BPBI but not after preganglionic BPBI, whereas the humeral head is smaller after pre ganglionic injury, possibly suggesting an overall decreased biological growth rate in this group. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID
Added: June 21, 2021

2021 journal article

Isolating the energetic and mechanical consequences of imposed reductions in ankle and knee flexion during gait

JOURNAL OF NEUROENGINEERING AND REHABILITATION, 18(1).

By: E. McCain n, T. Libera n, M. Berno n, G. Sawicki*, K. Saul n & M. Lewek*

author keywords: Biomechanics; Gait; Ankle; Knee; Metabolic cost
MeSH headings : Adaptation, Physiological / physiology; Adult; Ankle; Ankle Joint / physiology; Biomechanical Phenomena; Female; Gait / physiology; Humans; Knee Joint / physiology; Male; Range of Motion, Articular / physiology; Walking; Young Adult
TL;DR: As expected, reduced ankle motion, either without ( restricted-ank) or in addition to knee restriction (restricted-a + k) yielded significant increase in net metabolic rate when compared with the braced condition, and the relative increase in metabolic cost was significantly larger with restricted-a'+’k when compared to restricted-knee condition. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: March 15, 2021

2021 article

Location of brachial plexus birth injury affects functional outcomes in a rat model

Doshi, R. M., Reid, M. Y., Dixit, N. N., Fawcett, E. B., Cole, J. H., & Saul, K. R. (2021, September 5). JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Vol. 9.

By: R. Doshi  n, M. Reid n, N. Dixit n, E. Fawcett n, J. Cole n  & K. Saul n

author keywords: brachial plexus; forelimb; gait; musculoskeletal model; rat model
MeSH headings : Animals; Birth Injuries / complications; Brachial Plexus / injuries; Brachial Plexus Neuropathies / complications; Range of Motion, Articular / physiology; Rats; Rotator Cuff; Shoulder Joint
TL;DR: The results suggest the presence of compensatory motor control strategies during locomotion following BPBI and support emphasis on functional movement analysis in treatment of BPBI. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID
Added: September 13, 2021

2021 journal article

Reduced joint motion supersedes asymmetry in explaining increased metabolic demand during walking with mechanical restriction

JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS, 126.

By: E. McCain n, M. Berno n, T. Libera n, M. Lewek*, G. Sawicki* & K. Saul n

author keywords: Gait; Asymmetry; Metabolic cost; Degrees of freedom; Joint restriction
MeSH headings : Ankle Joint; Biomechanical Phenomena; Gait; Humans; Knee Joint; Walking
TL;DR: The results emphasize symmetry is not by definition metabolically optimal, indicate that the mechanics underlying symmetry are meaningful, and suggest that available degrees of freedom should be considered in designing future interventions. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: October 12, 2021

2021 journal article

Using Reinforcement Learning to Estimate Human Joint Moments From Electromyography or Joint Kinematics: An Alternative Solution to Musculoskeletal-Based Biomechanics

JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME, 143(4).

By: W. Wu  n, K. Saul n & H. Huang n 

Contributors: W. Wu  n, K. Saul n & H. Huang n 

MeSH headings : Electromyography
TL;DR: This study serves as a proof of concept that an RL approach can assist in biomechanical analysis and human-machine interface applications by deriving joint moments from kinematic or EMG data. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID
Added: April 19, 2021

2020 journal article

Effect of Mechanically Passive, Wearable Shoulder Exoskeletons on Muscle Output During Dynamic Upper Extremity Movements: A Computational Simulation Study

JOURNAL OF APPLIED BIOMECHANICS, 36(2), 59–67.

By: A. Nelson *, P. Hall *, K. Saul n & D. Crouch *

author keywords: orthotics; model; musculoskeletal; arm; assistance
TL;DR: The authors used a musculoskeletal model and Computed Muscle Control optimization to estimate muscle output with and without a wearable passive shoulder exoskeleton during 2 simulated dynamic tasks: abduction and upward reach. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: July 6, 2020

2020 journal article

Sensitivity of Neuromechanical Predictions to Choice of Glenohumeral Stability Modeling Approach

JOURNAL OF APPLIED BIOMECHANICS, 36(4), 249–258.

By: D. McFarland  n, A. Brynildsen n & K. Saul n

author keywords: EMG; shoulder; computational modeling; joint reaction; simulation
TL;DR: Both EMG and reaction force constraints successfully reduced joint instability and force constraints may be a more robust choice when representing stability in upper-extremity musculoskeletal models. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
5. Gender Equality (Web of Science)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 17, 2020

2019 journal article

Computational analysis of glenohumeral joint growth and morphology following a brachial plexus birth injury

JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS, 86, 48–54.

By: N. Dixit n, D. McFarland  n & K. Saul n

author keywords: Brachial plexus birth injury; Finite element analysis; Musculoskeletal modeling; Contractures; Bone deformation
MeSH headings : Animals; Birth Injuries / pathology; Brachial Plexus / injuries; Brachial Plexus / pathology; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Male; Models, Biological; Pregnancy; Range of Motion, Articular / physiology; Rats; Shoulder Joint / anatomy & histology; Shoulder Joint / growth & development
TL;DR: Simulations of 8 weeks of glenohumeral growth in a rat model of BPBI predicted that static loading of the joint is primarily responsible for joint deformation consistent with experimental measures of bone morphology, whereas dynamic loads resulted in normal bone growth. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: April 15, 2019

2019 journal article

Mechanics and energetics of post-stroke walking aided by a powered ankle exoskeleton with speed-adaptive myoelectric control

JOURNAL OF NEUROENGINEERING AND REHABILITATION, 16.

By: E. McCain n, T. Dick *, T. Giest n, R. Nuckols *, M. Lewek*, K. Saul n, G. Sawicki*

author keywords: Ankle mechanics; Exoskeleton; Trailing limb angle; Propulsion; Myoelectric control; Electromyography; Metabolic cost; Hemiparesis; Stroke rehabilitation; Walking
MeSH headings : Adult; Ankle Joint / physiology; Biomechanical Phenomena / physiology; Electromyography / methods; Exoskeleton Device; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Stroke Rehabilitation / instrumentation; Walking / physiology; Walking Speed / physiology
TL;DR: The results suggest that despite appropriate scaling of ankle assistance by the exoskeleton controller, suboptimal limb posture limited the conversion of exoskeletons assistance into forward propulsion. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
7. Affordable and Clean Energy (OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: June 4, 2019

2019 journal article

Spatial Dependency of Glenohumeral Joint Stability During Dynamic Unimanual and Bimanual Pushing and Pulling

JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME, 141(5).

By: D. McFarland  n, E. McCain n, M. Poppo n & K. Saul n

TL;DR: Stability benefits to task placement for pushing and pulling were limited, and larger stability benefits may be seen from converting pushing to pulling rather than optimizing task layout. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
5. Gender Equality (Web of Science)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: April 15, 2019

2018 journal article

Modeling a rotator cuff tear: Individualized shoulder muscle forces influence glenohumeral joint contact force predictions

CLINICAL BIOMECHANICS, 60, 20–29.

By: M. Vidt *, A. Santago*, A. Marsh*, E. Hegedus *, C. Tuohy*, G. Poehling *, M. Freehill *, M. Miller *, K. Saul n

author keywords: Muscle forces; Rotator cuff; Computational model; Glenohumeral; Kinematics; Older adult
MeSH headings : Aged; Biomechanical Phenomena; Computer Simulation; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Rotator Cuff / physiopathology; Rotator Cuff Injuries / physiopathology; Shoulder Joint / physiopathology
TL;DR: Outcomes suggest predicted joint contact force following rotator cuff tear is sensitive to including individualized muscle forces, and individualized computational models enable more relevant joint force predictions. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
5. Gender Equality (Web of Science)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: December 31, 2018

2018 journal article

Relationship between glenoid deformity and gait characteristics in a rat model of neonatal brachial plexus injury

Journal of Orthopaedic Research®, 36(7), 1991–1997.

By: K. Hennen n, D. Crouch *, I. Hutchinson *, Z. Li * & K. Saul n

author keywords: gait; shoulder; animal model; brachial plexus; deformity
MeSH headings : Animals; Animals, Newborn; Birth Injuries / complications; Birth Injuries / physiopathology; Brachial Plexus; Brachial Plexus Neuropathies / complications; Brachial Plexus Neuropathies / physiopathology; Contracture / physiopathology; Gait; Muscle, Skeletal / pathology; Range of Motion, Articular; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Regression Analysis; Retrospective Studies; Scapula / physiopathology; Shoulder Joint / physiopathology; X-Ray Microtomography
TL;DR: Gait analysis is a potentially useful, non‐invasive, quantitative way to investigate the effects of injury and deformity on limb function in the NBPI rat model. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Source: Crossref
Added: February 24, 2020

2018 journal article

Spatial dependency of shoulder muscle demand during dynamic unimanual and bimanual pushing and pulling

Applied Ergonomics, 73, 199–205.

By: D. McFarland  n, M. Poppo n, E. McCain  n & K. Saul n

author keywords: Upper limb; Shoulder; Electromyography
MeSH headings : Adult; Biomechanical Phenomena / physiology; Electromyography; Female; Humans; Male; Muscle, Skeletal / physiology; Physical Exertion / physiology; Posture / physiology; Shoulder / physiology; Task Performance and Analysis; Young Adult
TL;DR: Evaluated muscle demand of surface glenohumeral muscles varies with task type and target suggests that for dynamic tasks working against gravity has a larger effect on demand than task target. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Crossref
Added: February 24, 2020

2017 journal article

Shoulder Strength Requirements for Upper Limb Functional Tasks: Do Age and Rotator Cuff Tear Status Matter?

JOURNAL OF APPLIED BIOMECHANICS, 33(6), 446–452.

By: A. Santago n, M. Vidt *, X. Li  n, C. Tuohy*, G. Poehling *, M. Freehill *, K. Saul n

author keywords: functional task; simulation; upper limb; reserve strength
MeSH headings : Adult; Aged; Biomechanical Phenomena; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Strength / physiology; Rotator Cuff Injuries / physiopathology; Task Performance and Analysis; Upper Extremity / physiopathology
TL;DR: Marked differences in strength demand across tasks indicate the need for evaluating a diversity of functional tasks to effectively detect early strength loss, which may lead to disability. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
5. Gender Equality (Web of Science)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2016 journal article

Analysis of effects of loading and postural demands on upper limb reaching in older adults using statistical parametric mapping

JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS, 49(13), 2806–2816.

By: X. Li  n, A. Santago n, M. Vidt * & K. Saul n

author keywords: Aging; Older adults; Kinematics; Upper limb; Statistical parametric mapping; Reaching
MeSH headings : Aged; Arm / physiology; Biomechanical Phenomena; Biostatistics; Female; Humans; Male; Movement; Posture; Range of Motion, Articular; Rotation; Weight-Bearing; Young Adult
TL;DR: This work applied SPM to evaluate effect of load and postural demands during reaching on thoracohumeral kinematics in older and young adults, and examined consistency between one-dimensional SPM and discrete analyses of the same dataset. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2016 journal article

Assessments of Fatty Infiltration and Muscle Atrophy From a Single Magnetic Resonance Image Slice Are Not Predictive of 3-Dimensional Measurements

ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY, 32(1), 128–139.

By: M. Vidt *, A. Santago n, C. Tuohy*, G. Poehling *, M. Freehill *, R. Kraft *, A. Marsh*, E. Hegedus *, M. Miller *, K. Saul n

MeSH headings : Adipose Tissue / pathology; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Muscular Atrophy / diagnosis; Range of Motion, Articular; Rotator Cuff / pathology; Rotator Cuff Injuries; Shoulder Joint / pathology
TL;DR: Clinical scores using a single image slice do not represent 3-dimensional muscle measurements, and the significant association of muscle volume with strength production suggests that treatments to preserve muscle volume should be pursued for older patients with RCTs. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
5. Gender Equality (Web of Science)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2016 article

Can self-report instruments of shoulder function capture functional differences in older adults with and without a rotator cuff tear?

Vidt, M. E., Santago, A. C., II, Hegedus, E. J., Marsh, A. P., Tuohy, C. J., Poehling, G. G., … Saul, K. R. (2016, August). JOURNAL OF ELECTROMYOGRAPHY AND KINESIOLOGY, Vol. 29, pp. 90–99.

By: M. Vidt *, A. Santago n, E. Hegedus *, A. Marsh*, C. Tuohy*, G. Poehling *, M. Freehill *, M. Miller *, K. Saul n

author keywords: Self report; Aged; Rotator cuff; Upper extremity; Activities of daily living; Strength; Range of motion
MeSH headings : Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Health Surveys / methods; Health Surveys / standards; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle, Skeletal / physiology; Muscle, Skeletal / physiopathology; Quality of Life; Range of Motion, Articular / physiology; Rotator Cuff / physiology; Rotator Cuff / physiopathology; Rotator Cuff Injuries / diagnosis; Rotator Cuff Injuries / physiopathology; Self Report / standards; Shoulder / physiology; Shoulder / physiopathology; Shoulder Joint / physiology; Shoulder Joint / physiopathology; Treatment Outcome
TL;DR: SST, ASES, and WORC demonstrate utility and discriminant validity for older individuals by distinguishing those with RCT, but this work suggests prioritizing ASES given its stronger association with functional group strength. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
5. Gender Equality (Web of Science)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2016 journal article

Muscle Forces and Their Contributions to Vertical and Horizontal Acceleration of the Center of Mass During Sit-to-Stand Transfer in Young, Healthy Adults

JOURNAL OF APPLIED BIOMECHANICS, 32(5), 487–503.

By: E. Caruthers*, J. Thompson *, A. Chaudhari *, L. Schmitt *, T. Best *, K. Saul n, R. Siston *

author keywords: musculoskeletal modeling; OpenSim; knee
MeSH headings : Acceleration; Biomechanical Phenomena; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Lower Extremity / physiology; Male; Movement / physiology; Muscle, Skeletal / physiology; Torque; Young Adult
TL;DR: A baseline from which deficits and compensatory strategies in relevant populations (eg, elderly, osteoarthritis) can be identified is established, and lower limb symmetry cannot be assumed during this task, even in healthy adults. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2016 journal article

Quantitative Analysis of Three-Dimensional Distribution and Clustering of Intramuscular Fat in Muscles of the Rotator Cuff

ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, 44(7), 2158–2167.

By: A. Santago*, M. Vidt *, C. Tuohy*, G. Poehling *, M. Freehill *, J. Jordan *, R. Kraft *, K. Saul n

author keywords: Rotator cuff tear; Spatial characteristics of fat; MRI; Moran's Index; Fat percentage
MeSH headings : Adipose Tissue / diagnostic imaging; Adipose Tissue / metabolism; Aged; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods; Male; Middle Aged; Rotator Cuff / diagnostic imaging; Rotator Cuff / metabolism
TL;DR: A technique to quantitatively assess three-dimensional distribution and clustering of intramuscular fat in rotator cuff muscles of older adults with and without a degenerative supraspinatus tear is developed and presented. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
5. Gender Equality (Web of Science)
6. Clean Water and Sanitation (OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2016 journal article

Relationship between maximum isometric joint moment and functional task performance in patients with brachial plexus injury: A pilot study

GAIT & POSTURE, 44, 238–244.

By: D. Crouch n, A. Santago n, J. Plate *, Z. Li * & K. Saul n

author keywords: Nerve; Shoulder; Simulation; Strength; Kinematics
MeSH headings : Adult; Aged; Biomechanical Phenomena; Brachial Plexus / injuries; Elbow Joint / physiopathology; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Movement / physiology; Muscle Contraction / physiology; Muscle Strength / physiology; Peripheral Nerve Injuries / physiopathology; Pilot Projects; Range of Motion, Articular; Shoulder Joint / physiopathology; Task Performance and Analysis
TL;DR: Subjects had less reserve strength available for performing upper extremity tasks and, therefore, may be less adaptive to strength declines due to injury progression and normal aging. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2016 journal article

The effects of a rotator cuff tear on activities of daily living in older adults: A kinematic analysis

JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS, 49(4), 611–617.

By: M. Vidt *, A. Santago n, A. Marsh*, E. Hegedus *, C. Tuohy*, G. Poehling *, M. Freehill *, M. Miller *, K. Saul n

author keywords: Upper limb; Thoracohumeral; Kinematics; Aging; Rotator cuff tear
MeSH headings : Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Biomechanical Phenomena; Female; Humans; Male; Mechanical Phenomena; Middle Aged; Movement; Range of Motion, Articular; Rotation; Rotator Cuff / physiopathology; Rotator Cuff Injuries
TL;DR: It is concluded that older adults with RCT used more internal rotation to perform functional tasks than controls, and significant differences between groups were identified for all three thoracohumeral degrees of freedom for functional pull. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
5. Gender Equality (Web of Science)
16. Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions (OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2015 journal article

Age-related structural changes in upper extremity muscle tissue in a nonhuman primate model

JOURNAL OF SHOULDER AND ELBOW SURGERY, 24(10), 1660–1668.

By: A. Santago n, J. Plate *, C. Shively *, T. Register *, T. Smith* & K. Saul n

author keywords: Aging; muscle; volume loss; function; primate
MeSH headings : Aging; Animals; Chlorocebus aethiops; Deltoid Muscle / anatomy & histology; Deltoid Muscle / physiology; Female; Models, Animal; Muscle, Skeletal / anatomy & histology; Muscle, Skeletal / physiology; Rotator Cuff / anatomy & histology; Rotator Cuff / physiology; Rotator Cuff Injuries; Upper Extremity / anatomy & histology; Upper Extremity / physiology
TL;DR: The vervet is an appropriate translational model for age-related upper extremity muscle volume loss, and functional measures were not correlated to PCSA, suggesting the vervets may have enough strength for normal function despite loss of muscle tissue. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
5. Gender Equality (Web of Science)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2015 journal article

Benchmarking of dynamic simulation predictions in two software platforms using an upper limb musculoskeletal model

COMPUTER METHODS IN BIOMECHANICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, 18(13), 1445–1458.

By: K. Saul n, X. Hu *, C. Goehler*, M. Vidt *, M. Daly*, A. Velisar*, W. Murray *

author keywords: biomechanics; computational modeling; medical computing; neuromuscular; musculoskeletal
MeSH headings : Biomechanical Phenomena; Computer Simulation; Electromyography; Gravitation; Humans; Models, Anatomic; Movement / physiology; Muscle, Skeletal / physiology; Software; Upper Extremity / anatomy & histology
TL;DR: A new upper limb dynamic model is presented as a tool to evaluate potential differences in predictive behavior between platforms and to benchmark the benchmarking comparison using SIMM–Dynamics Pipeline–SD/Fast and OpenSim platforms. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2015 journal article

Contributions of Muscle Imbalance and Impaired Growth to Postural and Osseous Shoulder Deformity Following Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy: A Computational Simulation Analysis

JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME, 40(6), 1170–1176.

By: W. Cheng, R. Cornwall, D. Crouch, Z. Li & K. Saul*

author keywords: Brachial plexus birth palsy; shoulder deformity; computer simulation; muscle strength; impaired growth
MeSH headings : Brachial Plexus Neuropathies / physiopathology; Computer Simulation; Humans; Joint Deformities, Acquired / physiopathology; Muscle Hypotonia / physiopathology; Muscle Strength / physiology; Muscle, Skeletal / growth & development; Paralysis, Obstetric / physiopathology; Range of Motion, Articular / physiology; Shoulder Joint / innervation; Shoulder Joint / physiopathology
TL;DR: Simulations suggest that treatment strategies emphasizing treatment of impaired longitudinal growth are warranted for reducing deformity after brachial plexus birth palsy. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2015 journal article

Functional loss with displacement of medial epicondyle humerus fractures: A computer simulation study

Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics, 35(7), 666–671.

By: E. Edmonds *, A. Santago* & K. Saul n

MeSH headings : Biomechanical Phenomena; Computer Simulation; Elbow Joint / physiopathology; Humans; Humeral Fractures / physiopathology; Muscle Strength / physiology; Muscle, Skeletal / physiopathology; Range of Motion, Articular / physiology; Wrist Joint / physiopathology; Elbow Injuries
TL;DR: Computer simulation of a medial epicondyle fracture suggests that anterior displacement could result in a dramatic loss of initial muscle strength and function, suggesting that alternatives to the historical use of AP radiographs to assess displacement of this fracture are needed. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2015 journal article

Upper Limb Strength and Muscle Volume in Healthy Middle-Aged Adults

JOURNAL OF APPLIED BIOMECHANICS, 31(6), 484–491.

By: K. Saul n, M. Vidt, G. Gold * & W. Murray *

author keywords: biomechanics; isometric; MRI; muscle volume; strength
MeSH headings : Female; Humans; Isometric Contraction / physiology; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Strength / physiology; Muscle, Skeletal / physiology; Organ Size / physiology; Postural Balance / physiology; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Upper Extremity / physiology
TL;DR: Although total muscle volume spanned a 2.3-fold range, muscle volume was distributed among functional groups in a consistent manner across subjects, and on average, 72% of the variation in joint moment could be explained by the corresponding functional group muscle volume. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2014 journal article

Computational Sensitivity Analysis to Identify Muscles That Can Mechanically Contribute to Shoulder Deformity Following Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy

JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME, 39(2), 303–311.

By: D. Crouch n, J. Plate  n, Z. Li  n & K. Saul n

author keywords: Biomechanics; brachial plexus; deformity; shoulder; simulation
MeSH headings : Artificial Intelligence; Biomechanical Phenomena / physiology; Birth Injuries / diagnosis; Birth Injuries / physiopathology; Computer Simulation; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Infant, Newborn; Joint Deformities, Acquired / physiopathology; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Models, Theoretical; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal / innervation; Muscle, Skeletal / physiopathology; Paresis / diagnosis; Paresis / physiopathology; Posture / physiology; Range of Motion, Articular / physiology; Shoulder Dislocation / physiopathology; Shoulder Joint / innervation; Shoulder Joint / physiopathology
TL;DR: The infraspinatus, subscapularis, latissimus dorsi, long head of biceps, anterior deltoid, pectoralis major, and longHead of triceps were identified in this computational study as being the most capable of producing shoulder forces that may contribute to shoulder deformity following brachial plexus birth palsy. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2013 journal article

Age-related degenerative functional, radiographic, and histological changes of the shoulder in nonhuman primates

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, 22(8), 1019–1029.

By: J. Plate *, C. Bates *, S. Mannava *, T. Smith*, M. Jorgensen *, T. Register *, J. Stehle*, K. High* ...

author keywords: Animal model; vervet monkey; shoulder; rotator cuff; osteoarthritis; aging; degeneration
MeSH headings : Aging / pathology; Aging / physiology; Animals; Chlorocebus aethiops; Female; Models, Animal; Motor Activity / physiology; Osteoarthritis / diagnosis; Osteoarthritis / etiology; Osteoarthritis / physiopathology; Range of Motion, Articular; Shoulder Joint / diagnostic imaging; Shoulder Joint / pathology; Shoulder Joint / physiopathology; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
TL;DR: The vervet monkey naturally undergoes age-related functional, radiographic and histological changes of the shoulder, and may qualify as an animal model for selected translational research of shoulder osteoarthritis. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: Crossref
Added: August 28, 2020

2013 journal article

Biomechanical Contributions of Posterior Deltoid and Teres Minor in the Context of Axillary Nerve Injury: A Computational Study

The Journal of Hand Surgery, 38(2), 241–249.

By: D. Crouch *, J. Plate *, Z. Li * & K. Saul*

author keywords: Biomechanics; deltoid; nerve; shoulder; simulation
MeSH headings : Axilla / innervation; Biomechanical Phenomena; Deltoid Muscle / innervation; Humans; Isometric Contraction / physiology; Muscle, Skeletal / innervation; Nerve Transfer / methods; Neural Networks, Computer; Peripheral Nerve Injuries / physiopathology; Peripheral Nerve Injuries / surgery; Peripheral Nerves / transplantation; Range of Motion, Articular / physiology; Shoulder / innervation; Shoulder Injuries
Source: Crossref
Added: August 28, 2020

2013 journal article

Normal aging alters in vivo passive biomechanical response of the rat gastrocnemius-Achilles muscle–tendon unit

Journal of Biomechanics, 46(3), 450–455.

By: J. Plate, W. Wiggins, P. Haubruck, A. Scott, T. Smith, K. Saul*, S. Mannava

author keywords: Achilles tendon rupture; Passive biomechanical properties; Quasilinear viscoelastic; Fung QLV; Aging
MeSH headings : Achilles Tendon / pathology; Achilles Tendon / physiopathology; Adolescent; Adult; Aging; Animals; Elasticity; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Muscle, Skeletal / pathology; Muscle, Skeletal / physiopathology; Rats; Weight-Bearing
TL;DR: Changes in the passive biomechanical response of the GC-AT muscle-tendon unit was altered with age in 6 young and 6 middle-aged hybrid rats from the National Institute on Aging colony to determine in vivo history and time-dependent load-relaxation response. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: Crossref
Added: August 28, 2020

2013 journal article

The science of rotator cuff tears: translating animal models to clinical recommendations using simulation analysis

Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 21(7), 1610–1619.

By: S. Mannava *, J. Plate *, C. Tuohy*, T. Seyler*, P. Whitlock *, W. Curl*, T. Smith*, K. Saul*

author keywords: Rotator cuff; Tear; Repair; Animal model; Computational model; Botulinum neurotoxin; Ageing; Review
MeSH headings : Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Computer Simulation; Humans; Models, Animal; Rotator Cuff / surgery; Rotator Cuff Injuries; Tendon Injuries / physiopathology; Tendon Injuries / surgery
TL;DR: Outcomes of rotator cuff repair may be improved by earlier surgical intervention, with lower surgical repair tensions and fewer electromyographic neuromuscular changes. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (OpenAlex)
Source: Crossref
Added: November 2, 2020

2012 journal article

Characterizing upper limb muscle volume and strength in older adults: A comparison with young adults

Journal of Biomechanics, 45(2), 334–341.

By: M. Vidt *, M. Daly*, M. Miller *, C. Davis*, A. Marsh* & K. Saul*

author keywords: Muscle volume; Strength; Upper limb; Aging; Joint moment
MeSH headings : Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging / physiology; Female; Humans; Joints / anatomy & histology; Joints / physiology; Male; Muscle Strength / physiology; Muscle, Skeletal / anatomy & histology; Muscle, Skeletal / physiology; Organ Size / physiology; Upper Extremity / anatomy & histology; Upper Extremity / physiology
TL;DR: For older adults, MV and IJM are, on average, reduced but the significant linear relationship between MV and isometric joint moment-generating capacity is maintained, suggesting that older adult MV andIJM cannot be simply scaled from young adults. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: Crossref
Added: August 28, 2020

2011 journal article

A simulation analysis of the combined effects of muscle strength and surgical tensioning on lateral pinch force following brachioradialis to flexor pollicis longus transfer

Journal of Biomechanics, 44(4), 669–675.

By: J. Mogk*, M. Johanson*, V. Hentz *, K. Saul* & W. Murray *

author keywords: Biomechanical modeling; Simulation; Upper extremity; Lateral pinch; Upper limb function
MeSH headings : Adult; Computer Simulation; Hand Strength; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal / physiopathology; Muscle, Skeletal / surgery; Postural Balance; Quadriplegia / physiopathology; Quadriplegia / rehabilitation; Quadriplegia / surgery; Stress, Mechanical; Tendon Transfer; Tensile Strength; Treatment Outcome
TL;DR: This study develops simulations of the tetraplegic upper limb following transfer of the brachioradialis to the flexor pollicis longus and suggests that scaling models to the population of interest facilitates accurate simulation of post-operative outcomes, and carries utility for guiding and developing rehabilitation training protocols. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: Crossref
Added: November 2, 2020

2011 journal article

Computer Simulation of Nerve Transfer Strategies for Restoring Shoulder Function After Adult C5 and C6 Root Avulsion Injuries

The Journal of Hand Surgery, 36(10), 1644–1651.

By: D. Crouch *, Z. Li *, J. Barnwell*, J. Plate *, M. Daly* & K. Saul*

author keywords: Biomechanics; computer simulation; brachial plexus; nerve transfer; shoulder
MeSH headings : Adult; Biomechanical Phenomena; Brachial Plexus / injuries; Computer Simulation; Elbow Joint / innervation; Elbow Joint / physiology; Humans; Muscle, Skeletal / innervation; Muscle, Skeletal / physiology; Nerve Transfer / methods; Range of Motion, Articular; Recovery of Function; Shoulder Joint / innervation; Shoulder Joint / physiology; Spinal Nerve Roots / injuries
TL;DR: Simultaneous nerve transfer to suprascapular and axillary nerves yields the best simulated biomechanical outcome for lower magnitudes of muscle force recovery in this computer model. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: Crossref
Added: August 28, 2020

2011 journal article

Contributions of Neural Tone to In Vivo Passive Muscle–Tendon Unit Biomechanical Properties in a Rat Rotator Cuff Animal Model

Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 39(7), 1914–1924.

By: S. Mannava *, W. Wiggins *, K. Saul*, J. Stitzel *, B. Smith*, L. Andrew Koman*, T. Smith*, C. Tuohy*

author keywords: Botulinum neurotoxin A; Soft-tissue biomechanics; Rat rotator cuff; Skeletal muscle tone
MeSH headings : Animals; Computer Simulation; Elastic Modulus / physiology; Male; Models, Biological; Muscle Contraction / physiology; Muscle Tonus / physiology; Neuromuscular Junction / physiology; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rotator Cuff / physiology; Rotator Cuff / surgery; Stress, Mechanical; Synaptic Transmission / physiology; Tensile Strength / physiology
TL;DR: Pre-surgical treatment with botulinum neurotoxin A may improve the rehabilitation of muscle by altering its passive elastic properties and pharmacological modulation of skeletal muscle stiffness with BoNT-A increases flexibility, potentially improving function. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
2. Zero Hunger (OpenAlex)
Source: Crossref
Added: August 28, 2020

2011 journal article

Postural dependence of passive tension in the supraspinatus following rotator cuff repair: A simulation analysis

Clinical Biomechanics, 26(8), 804–810.

By: K. Saul*, S. Hayon *, T. Smith*, C. Tuohy* & S. Mannava *

author keywords: Computation; Musculoskeletal; Strength; Shoulder; Rotator cuff
MeSH headings : Adult; Biomechanical Phenomena; Computer Simulation; Humans; Male; Models, Anatomic; Posture; Range of Motion, Articular / physiology; Rotator Cuff / surgery; Rotator Cuff Injuries; Shoulder / physiology; Shoulder Joint / surgery; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Tendons / surgery; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
TL;DR: It is concluded that shoulder posture is an important determinant of passive forces during rotator cuff repair surgery, and choosing postures that reduce forces intraoperatively to permit repair of larger gaps may lead to failure postoperatively when the shoulder is mobilized. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: Crossref
Added: August 28, 2020

2007 journal article

Changes in Brachioradialis Muscle Volume and Length with spinal cord injury

Journal of Biomechanics, 40, S69.

By: K. Holzbaur, G. Gold & W. Murray

Source: Crossref
Added: November 2, 2020

2007 journal article

Moment-generating capacity of upper limb muscles in healthy adults

Journal of Biomechanics, 40(11), 2442–2449.

By: K. Holzbaur*, S. Delp *, G. Gold * & W. Murray *

author keywords: upper limb; strength; scaling; imaging; biomechanics
MeSH headings : Adult; Female; Humans; Joints / physiology; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Muscle Strength / physiology; Muscle, Skeletal / anatomy & histology; Muscle, Skeletal / physiology; Upper Extremity / physiology
TL;DR: Differences in strength among healthy young adults are primarily a consequence of variation in muscle volume, as opposed to other factors. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: Crossref
Added: November 2, 2020

2007 journal article

Upper limb muscle volumes in adult subjects

Journal of Biomechanics, 40(4), 742–749.

By: K. Holzbaur, W. Murray, G. Gold & S. Delp

author keywords: upper limb; muscle; scaling; imaging
MeSH headings : Adult; Elbow / anatomy & histology; Elbow / physiology; Female; Hand / anatomy & histology; Hand / physiology; Humans; Male; Muscle, Skeletal / anatomy & histology; Muscle, Skeletal / physiology; Shoulder / anatomy & histology; Shoulder / physiology; Shoulder Joint / anatomy & histology; Shoulder Joint / physiology; Wrist / anatomy & histology; Wrist / physiology
Source: Crossref
Added: February 23, 2020

2006 journal article

MRI-based estimation of muscle volume and length following tendon transfer surgery

Journal of Biomechanics, 39, S84.

By: K. Holzbaur, G. Gold, M. Johanson & W. Murray

Source: Crossref
Added: November 2, 2020

2006 journal article

Moment-generating capacity of upper limb muscles

Journal of Biomechanics, 39, S85.

By: K. Holzbaur, S. Delp & W. Murray

UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
7. Affordable and Clean Energy (OpenAlex)
Source: Crossref
Added: November 2, 2020

2005 journal article

A Model of the Upper Extremity for Simulating Musculoskeletal Surgery and Analyzing Neuromuscular Control

Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 33(6), 829–840.

By: K. Holzbaur*, W. Murray * & S. Delp *

author keywords: computer simulation; upper limb; muscle; shoulder; elbow; wrist
MeSH headings : Biomechanical Phenomena / methods; Computer Simulation; Humans; Isometric Contraction; Joints / physiology; Models, Anatomic; Muscle Contraction / physiology; Muscle, Skeletal / physiology; Range of Motion, Articular / physiology; Upper Extremity / physiology; Upper Extremity / surgery
TL;DR: A model of the upper extremity that includes 15 degrees of freedom representing the shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist, thumb, and index finger, and 50 muscle compartments crossing these joints is developed and revealed coupling between joints, such as increased passive finger flexion moment with wrist extension. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
16. Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions (OpenAlex)
Source: Crossref
Added: November 2, 2020

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