@article{dietl_2004, title={Origins and circumstances of adaptive divergence in whelk feeding behavior}, volume={208}, ISSN={["1872-616X"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.03.011}, abstractNote={The late Oligocene/early Miocene to Recent fossil record of whelk predation on species of the venerid bivalve genus Mercenaria was evaluated to trace the history of specialization in feeding behavior within the predatory gastropod subfamily Busyconinae. Today, whelk species either employ a wedging or chipping mode of predation when feeding on their bivalve prey. Whelk chipping predation leaves a characteristic trace on the shell of Mercenaria. The temporal distribution of successful and failed whelk predation traces on the shell of Mercenaria suggests two independent origins of chipping behavior within the group. The behavior first evolved in the late Miocene Busycotypus species complex, but was likely lost evolutionarily due to the extinction of the whelk lineage responsible for the traces at the end of the Miocene. The behavior evolved independently in the Busycon-Sinistrofulgur clade during the late Pliocene. Circumstances that may have contributed to ecological diversification and specialization in the Busyconinae are complex. The evolution of chipping behavior is associated with times of high productivity and ecological complexity during the late Miocene and Pliocene in the western Atlantic.}, number={3-4}, journal={PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY}, author={Dietl, GP}, year={2004}, month={Jun}, pages={279–291} }
 @article{dietl_2003, title={Coevolution of a marine gastropod predator and its dangerous bivalve prey}, volume={80}, ISSN={["1095-8312"]}, DOI={10.1046/j.1095-8312.2003.00255.x}, abstractNote={The fossil record of the interaction between the predatory whelk Sinistrofulgur and its dangerous hard-shelled bivalve prey Mercenaria in the Plio-Pleistocene of Florida was examined to evaluate the hypothesis that coevolution was a major driving force shaping the species interaction. Whelks use their shell lip to chip open the shell of their prey, often resulting in breakage to their own shells, as well as to their prey. Mercenaria evolved a larger shell in response to an intensifying level of whelk predation. Reciprocally, an increase in attack success (ratio of successful to unsuccessful attacks) and degree of stereotypy of attack position by the predator suggest reciprocal adaptation by Sinistrofulgur to increase efficiency in exploiting hard-shelled prey. A decrease in prey effectiveness (ratio of unsuccessful to total whelk predation attempts) and an increase in the minimum boundary of a size refuge from whelk predation for Mercenaria may indicate that predator adaptation has outpaced prey antipredatory adaptation. Evolutionary size increase in Sinistrofulgur most likely occurred in response to prey adaptation to decrease the likelihood of feeding-induced shell breakage and unsuccessful predation when encounters with damage-inducing prey occur, coupled with (or reinforced by) an evolutionary response to the whelk's own predators. Predator adaptation to Mercenaria best explains temporal changes in whelk behaviour to decrease performance loss (shell breakage) associated with feeding on hard-shelled prey; this behavioural change limits attacks on prey to when the whelk's shell lip is thickest and most resistant to breakage. Despite evidence of reciprocal adaptation between predator and prey, the contribution of Mercenaria to Sinistrofulgur evolution is likely only a component of the predator's response to dangerous bivalve prey. This study highlights the importance of understanding the interactions among several species in order to provide the appropriate context to test evolutionary hypotheses about any specific pair of species. © 2003 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2003, 80, 409–436.}, number={3}, journal={BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY}, author={Dietl, GR}, year={2003}, month={Nov}, pages={409–436} }
 @article{dietl_2003, title={First report of cannibalism in Triplofusus giganteus (Gastropoda: fasciolariidae)}, volume={73}, number={3}, journal={Bulletin of Marine Science}, author={Dietl, G. P.}, year={2003}, pages={757–761} }
 @article{dietl_2003, title={Interaction strength between a predator and dangerous prey: Sinistrofulgur predation on Mercenaria}, volume={289}, ISSN={["1879-1697"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0022-0981(03)00047-9}, abstractNote={The lack of direct empirical evidence of predator evolution in response to prey adaptation is a fundamental weakness of the arms race analogy of predator–prey coevolution. I examined the interaction between the predatory busyconine whelk Sinistrofulgur sinistrum and its bivalve prey Mercenaria mercenaria to evaluate whether reciprocal adaptation was likely in this predator–prey system. Thick-lipped whelks use their shell lip to chip open the shell of their prey, often resulting in breakage to their own shell. Thus, hard-shelled prey, such as Mercenaria, may be considered dangerous because they are able to inflict damage to the predator as a consequence of the interaction. The strength of interaction between whelks and their bivalve prey was viewed by regressing predator performance (the incidence of shell breakage in encounters with prey) on prey phenotype (a function of size). Interaction with Mercenaria of varying sizes has strong and predictable consequences (r2=0.946; p=0.028) for Sinistrofulgur. Predators that select large, thick bivalve prey increase the likelihood that their shell lip will be broken in the process of attempting to open their prey. Ecological consequences of feeding-induced breakage may include reduced growth rate, reproductive success, and survivorship. These results suggest that natural selection should favor predator phenotypes that reduce feeding-induced breakage when interactions with damage-inducing prey occur.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY}, author={Dietl, GP}, year={2003}, month={May}, pages={287–301} }
 @article{dietl_kelley_barrick_showers_2002, title={Escalation and extinction selectivity: Morphology versus isotopic reconstruction of bivalve metabolism}, volume={56}, DOI={10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb01338.x}, abstractNote={Abstract Studies that have tested and failed to support the hypothesis that escalated species (e.g., those with predation-resistant adaptations) are more susceptible to elimination during mass extinctions have concentrated on the distribution and degree of morphological defenses in molluscan species. This morphological approach to determining level of escalation in bivalves may be oversimplified because it does not account for metabolic rate, which is an important measure of escalation that is less readily accessible for fossils. Shell growth rates in living bivalves are positively correlated with metabolic rate and thus are potential indicators of level of escalation. To evaluate this approach, we used oxygen isotopes to reconstruct shell growth rates for two bivalve species (Macrocallista marylandica and Glossus markoei) from Miocene-aged sediments of Maryland. Although both species are classified as non-escalated based on morphology, the isotopic data indicate that M. marylandica was a faster-growing species with a higher metabolic rate and G. markoei was a slower-growing species with a lower metabolic rate. Based on these results, we predict that some morphologically non-escalated species in previous tests of extinction selectivity should be reclassified as escalated because of their fast shell growth rates (i.e., high metabolic rates). Studies that evaluate the level of escalation of a fauna should take into account the energetic physiology of taxa to avoid misleading results. Corresponding Editor: D. Geary}, number={2}, journal={Evolution}, author={Dietl, G. P. and Kelley, P. H. and Barrick, R. and Showers, W.}, year={2002}, pages={284–291} }
 @inbook{dietl_kelley_2002, title={The  fossil record of predator-prey arms races: Coevolution and escalation hypotheses.}, booktitle={The fossil record of predation (Paleontological Society papers ; v. 8)}, publisher={Pittsburgh, PA: Paleontological Society}, author={Dietl, G. P. and Kelley, P. H.}, editor={M. Kowalewski, P. H. Kelley and White, R. D.Editors}, year={2002}, pages={353–374} }
 @article{alexander_dietl_2001, title={Latitudinal trends in naticid predation on Anadara ovalis (Bruguiere, 1789) and Divalinga quadrisulcata (Orbigny, 1842) from New Jersey to the Florida Keys}, volume={16}, number={1-2}, journal={American Malacological Bulletin}, author={Alexander, R. R. and Dietl, G. P.}, year={2001}, pages={179–194} }
 @article{dietl_kelley_2001, title={Mid-Paleozoic latitudinal predation gradient: Distribution of brachiopod ornamentation reflects shifting Carboniferous climate}, volume={29}, number={2}, journal={Geology (Boulder, Colo.)}, author={Dietl, G. P. and Kelley, P. H.}, year={2001}, pages={111–114} }
 @article{alexander_dietl_2001, title={Shell repair frequencies in New Jersey bivalves: A recent baseline for tests of escalation with tertiary, Mid-Atlantic congeners}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1938-5323"]}, DOI={10.2307/3515576}, abstractNote={Other| August 01, 2001 Shell Repair Frequencies in New Jersey Bivalves: A Recent Baseline for Tests of Escalation with Tertiary, Mid-Atlantic Congeners RICHARD R. ALEXANDER; RICHARD R. ALEXANDER 1Department of Geological and Marine Science, Rider University, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648-3099 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar GREGORY P. DIETL GREGORY P. DIETL 2Department of Zoology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7617 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information RICHARD R. ALEXANDER 1Department of Geological and Marine Science, Rider University, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648-3099 GREGORY P. DIETL 2Department of Zoology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7617 Publisher: SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology Accepted: 16 Jan 2001 First Online: 03 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1938-5323 Print ISSN: 0883-1351 Society for Sedimentary Geology PALAIOS (2001) 16 (4): 354–371. https://doi.org/10.1669/0883-1351(2001)016<0354:SRFINJ>2.0.CO;2 Article history Accepted: 16 Jan 2001 First Online: 03 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation RICHARD R. ALEXANDER, GREGORY P. DIETL; Shell Repair Frequencies in New Jersey Bivalves: A Recent Baseline for Tests of Escalation with Tertiary, Mid-Atlantic Congeners. PALAIOS 2001;; 16 (4): 354–371. doi: https://doi.org/10.1669/0883-1351(2001)016<0354:SRFINJ>2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyPALAIOS Search Advanced Search Abstract Articulated and disarticulated shells of Anadara ovalis, Anomia simplex, Argopecten irradians, Astarte castanea, Crassostrea virginica, Divalinga quadrisulcata, Donax variabilis, Ensis directus, Geukensia demissa, Mercenaria mercenaria, Mya arenaria, Mytilus edulis, Petricola pholadiformis, Spisula solidissima, and Tagelus plebeius collected from New Jersey intertidal life and death assemblages were measured, and the frequency, type (scalloped, divoted, cleft, embayed), location (ventral, anterior, posterior), and shell size at inception of repair determined. Repair frequency ranges from zero (D. quadrisulcata) to 0.30 (M. arenaria). Size refuge from sublethal breakage was attained by S. solidissima and C. virginica. Posterior repairs necessitated by siphon-nipping characterize M. mercenaria and E. directus. Ventral repairs associate with species subjected to valve-wedging (S. solidissima, M. mercenaria) or with ventral egress of the foot (A. ovalis). Ventral repairs among deep infaunal clams (M. arenaria, E. directus, T. plebeius) may have been induced by sediment-loading stress during burrowing. Anterior repairs are characteristic of deep infaunal species with foot exposure (M. arenaria, T. plebeius). Repair frequencies were compared statistically with valve surface area, ventral margin thickness, burrowing rate, depth of sediment penetration, shell microstructure, shell ornament, and tissue exposure when valves adducted. Of these comparisons, the only significant correlation was between frequency of embayed repairs and valve surface area. The complex relationship between repair frequency and these variables is underscored by factor analysis. New quantitative approaches are employed that advocate phyletic rather than assemblage-level tests of escalation involving Tertiary congeners from the Atlantic Coastal Plain. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.}, number={4}, journal={PALAIOS}, author={Alexander, RR and Dietl, GP}, year={2001}, month={Aug}, pages={354–371} }
 @article{dietl_alexander_bien_2000, title={Escalation in Late Cretaceous-early Paleocene oysters (Gryphaeidae) from the Atlantic Coastal Plain}, volume={26}, ISSN={["0094-8373"]}, DOI={10.1666/0094-8373(2000)026<0215:EILCEP>2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={More than 1600 valves of Late Cretaceous and early Paleocene Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain gryphaeid oysters (Exogyrinae and Pycnodonteinae) were examined for breakage-induced shell repair and morphologic variability to evaluate the hypothesis of escalation. The Exogyrinae show disproportionately higher average repair frequency (0.41) relative to the ecologically and functionally similar unornamented pycnodonts (0.19). An increase in repair frequency (independent evidence of the action of a selective agent, e.g., predation) through the stratigraphic interval supports escalation. Variation in repair frequencies may reflect differences in oyster morphology and in the strength and diversity of shell crushers across an onshore-offshore gradient. Escalation of antipredatory adaptation characterized the evolutionary response of gryphaeid oysters to their durophagous predators. Adaptation generally occurred by the enhancement of existing traits in both oyster lineages. Characters that confer a selective advantage against predators are not all expressed or improved concurrently in both oyster lineages. Morphologic adaptations to minimize shell breakage include the development of expansive, broad commissural shelves, thickened valves, and surface ornamentation (Exogyrinae). Surface ornament in the Exogyrinae gradually increased with time. For some characters, such as thickness, conflicting functional demands (e.g., valve stabilization) may have limited adaptation to predators.}, number={2}, journal={PALEOBIOLOGY}, author={Dietl, GP and Alexander, RR and Bien, WF}, year={2000}, pages={215–237} }
 @article{dietl_alexander_2000, title={Post-Miocene shift in stereotypic naticid predation on confamilial prey from the mid-Atlantic shelf: Coevolution with dangerous prey}, volume={15}, ISSN={["1938-5323"]}, DOI={10.2307/3515513}, abstractNote={Other| October 01, 2000 Post-Miocene Shift in Stereotypic Naticid Predation on Confamilial Prey from the Mid-Atlantic Shelf: Coevolution with Dangerous Prey GREGORY P. DIETL; GREGORY P. DIETL 1Department of Zoology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7617 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar RICHARD R. ALEXANDER RICHARD R. ALEXANDER 2Department of Geological and Marine Sciences, Rider University, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648-3099 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information GREGORY P. DIETL 1Department of Zoology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7617 RICHARD R. ALEXANDER 2Department of Geological and Marine Sciences, Rider University, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648-3099 Publisher: SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology Accepted: 20 Jun 2000 First Online: 03 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1938-5323 Print ISSN: 0883-1351 Society for Sedimentary Geology PALAIOS (2000) 15 (5): 414–429. https://doi.org/10.1669/0883-1351(2000)015<0414:PMSISN>2.0.CO;2 Article history Accepted: 20 Jun 2000 First Online: 03 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation GREGORY P. DIETL, RICHARD R. ALEXANDER; Post-Miocene Shift in Stereotypic Naticid Predation on Confamilial Prey from the Mid-Atlantic Shelf: Coevolution with Dangerous Prey. PALAIOS 2000;; 15 (5): 414–429. doi: https://doi.org/10.1669/0883-1351(2000)015<0414:PMSISN>2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyPALAIOS Search Advanced Search Abstract Of More than 4000 specimens of the naticid gastropods Euspira heros (Say) and Neverita duplicata (Say) from southern New Jersey, the lower Pleistocene of North Carolina, upper Miocene of Maryland, and the lower Miocene of Delaware, subsamples with complete and incomplete boreholes (n = 613) were compared for borehole-site stereotypy, prey size-selectivity, prey profitability, and prey effectiveness. In confamilial encounters, adaptation of naticid predators is evidenced by a shift in borehole-site stereotypy on the body whorl toward the umbilicus during the last 18 my, particularly for N. duplicata. Inferentially, an umbilical drilling position enabled the base of the predator's foot to occlude the prey aperture and prevent egress of the dangerous prey's foot, thereby reducing the prey's escape potential. The tradeoff was that the umbilical site required the predator to drill through a thicker shell location.Prey effectiveness, the ratio of incomplete boreholes to total attempts, was initially low (0.03) for both species in the lower Miocene, but increased appreciably from the Pleistocene to the Recent for N. duplicata (0.32). Such increase in successful prey escape indirectly may reflect prey adaptation since the Miocene. Cost/benefit curves, i.e., log of the ratio of apertural lip thickness /internal shell volume regressed on whorl diameter (WD), have significantly greater negative slopes for Miocene versus Recent conspecifics. Lower cost/benefit ratios for successive size classes of modern naticids suggest that confamilial prey have become increasingly profitable molluscan options as they increased in size, despite increased risk of fatality to the predator. Decreasing naticid prey size-selectivity, as evidenced by lower regression correlation coefficients since the Miocene, reflects increasing mismatches between predator and prey size. Outcomes of size mismatches in predatory encounters between E. heros and N. duplicata were not predictable necessarily given potential differences in species agressiveness and foot size. This unpredictability fueled coevolution between these cannibalistic moonsnails and their dangerous intraspecific and interspecific prey. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.}, number={5}, journal={PALAIOS}, author={Dietl, GP and Alexander, RR}, year={2000}, month={Oct}, pages={414–429} }
 @article{dietl_2000, title={Successful and unsuccessful predation of the gastropod Nucella lapillus (Muricidae) on the mussel Mytilus edulis from Maine}, volume={43}, number={4}, journal={Veliger}, author={Dietl, G. P.}, year={2000}, pages={319–329} }