@article{wossink_wefering_2003, title={Hot spots in animal agriculture, emerging federal environmental policies and the potential for efficiency and innovation offsets}, volume={2}, ISBN={1462-4605}, DOI={10.1504/ijarge.2003.003970}, abstractNote={In North America and Northern Europe, high livestock densities in concentrated areas (hot spots) have led to manure surpluses, which have resulted in water pollution problems. Using the emerging policy objectives for animal waste in the European Union and the USA as a backdrop, this paper discusses the impact of environmental regulation on farm profits. A theoretical model of the farm is presented where pollution is a joint output of production and where inefficiency in production prevails. Given this assumption, environmental regulations affect both the level of inefficiency and the extent of technological change and can induce cost offsets. Data from the Netherlands, where strict environmental regulation has been in place for animal agriculture since 1987, are used to test the hypothesis about efficiency and innovation offsets. Furthermore, differences in these offsets between farm types are assessed.}, number={3}, journal={International Journal of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology}, author={Wossink, A. and Wefering, F.}, year={2003}, pages={228} }
 @article{wefering_danielson_white_2000, title={Using the AMOEBA approach to measure progress toward ecosystem sustainability within a shellfish restoration project in North Carolina}, volume={130}, ISSN={["0304-3800"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0304-3800(00)00205-2}, abstractNote={Sustainable development, a concept of concern today in the political decision-making arena, captures and combines the need for economic development and the urgency of ecosystem protection. Sustainability indicators not only describe the environmental situation and the current burden on it; they also show what environmental burden the ecosystem is able to withstand in the long-run. Sustainability indicators tell us if, and to what degree, we are making progress toward the goal of sustainable development. This paper examines the purposes and requirements of sustainability indicators, using the AMOEBA approach as its main focus. AMOEBA, in the Dutch language, stands for ‘general method of ecosystem description and assessment’. In the AMOEBA approach, quantitative and verifiable objectives are developed that allow for a quantitative description and assessment of ecosystems. The AMOEBA approach is a tool in aiding political decision makers to better understand the ecological status of an area of concern. AMOEBA is described both in general terms and with respect to its application at Jumping Run Creek shellfish restoration project in North Carolina. The project seeks to mitigate impacts to watershed hydrology due to land use changes that contribute to excessive bacterial loading and bed closure. Parameters being studied are indicators of bacterial stores, hydrologic modification and building density. An altered AMOEBA was developed which graphically presents the selected indicators and allows for an assessment of ecosystem impairments.}, number={1-3}, journal={ECOLOGICAL MODELLING}, author={Wefering, FM and Danielson, LE and White, NM}, year={2000}, month={Jun}, pages={157–166} }