@article{li_khosla_hoyle_sannes_2001, title={Transforming growth factor-beta(1) modifies fibroblast growth factor-2 production in type II cells}, volume={120}, ISSN={["0012-3692"]}, DOI={10.1378/chest.120.1_suppl.S60}, abstractNote={Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β 1 is an inflammatory cytokine that plays multiple roles in pulmonary fibrosis. In vascular epithelium, it has been shown to regulate production and activity of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, a potent type II cell mitogen in the lung. Such a relationship could have important consequences in prefibrotic change in the lung alveolus, where reepithelialization of alveolar surfaces is crucial. The goal of this study was to determine if FGF-2 production by alveolar type II cells is modulated by TGF-β 1 or FGF-1, another type II cell mitogen. Isolated rat type II cells were exposed to 0 to 40 ng/mL of TGF-β 1 or 0 to 500 ng/mL of FGF-1 in serum-free medium for 1 to 3 days. Using a specific immunoassay, significant increases in FGF-2 protein in type II cell lysates were achieved after 1 day of exposure to 100 ng/mL of FGF-1 and after 3 days of treatment with 8 ng/mL of TGF-β 1 . Similarly, transcripts for FGF-2 were dramatically increased with TGF-β 1 or FGF-1, as were those for FGF receptor (FGFR)-1. These interactions were dramatically effected by the addition of heparin, a model sulfated extracellular matrix (ECM). Heparin as low as 0.01 mg/mL significantly downregulated expression of TGF-β 1 and FGF-1–stimulated FGF-2 and FGFR-1. These results demonstrate important regulatory links between FGF-2, sulfated ECMs, and both TGF-β 1 and FGF-1, which could contribute to the modulation of normal cell turnover, development, and repair processes attendant to fibrosis in the lung.}, number={1}, journal={CHEST}, author={Li, CM and Khosla, J and Hoyle, P and Sannes, PL}, year={2001}, month={Jul}, pages={60S–61S} }
 @article{li_khosla_pagan_hoyle_sannes_2000, title={TGF-beta 1 and fibroblast growth factor-1 modify fibroblast growth factor-2 production in type II cells}, volume={279}, ISSN={["1040-0605"]}, DOI={10.1152/ajplung.2000.279.6.l1038}, abstractNote={ Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, which stimulates DNA synthesis by type II cells in the lung, has been shown to be regulated by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, an important inflammatory cytokine, in vascular epithelium. The goal of this study was to determine if FGF-2 production by alveolar type II cells is modulated by TGF-β1 or FGF-1, which also stimulates DNA synthesis by type II cells. Isolated rat type II cells were exposed to 0–40 ng/ml of TGF-β1 or 0–500 ng/ml of FGF-1 in serum-free medium for 1–5 days. With a specific immunoassay, significant increases of FGF-2 protein in type II cell lysates to levels above those in control cells were achieved after 1 day of exposure to 100 ng/ml of FGF-1 and after 3 days of treatment with 8 ng/ml of TGF-β1. Similarly, transcripts for FGF-2 were dramatically increased above those in control cells with TGF-β1 or FGF-1, as were those for FGF receptor-1. These results demonstrate important regulatory links between FGF-2 and both TGF-β1 and FGF-1 in the alveolar epithelium that could contribute to the regulation of normal cell turnover, development, and the repair processes after injury in the lung. }, number={6}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY}, author={Li, CM and Khosla, J and Pagan, I and Hoyle, P and Sannes, PL}, year={2000}, month={Dec}, pages={L1038–L1046} }