@article{wang_hubbe_2002, title={Charge properties of fibres in the paper mill environment. Part I: Effect of electrical conductivity}, volume={28}, number={10}, journal={Journal of Pulp and Paper Science}, author={Wang, F. and Hubbe, M. A.}, year={2002}, month={Oct}, pages={347–353} }
 @article{hubbe_wang_2002, title={Where to add retention aid: Issues of time and shear}, volume={1}, number={1}, journal={TAPPI Journal}, author={Hubbe, M. A. and Wang, F.}, year={2002}, month={Mar}, pages={28–33} }
 @article{wang_hubbe_2001, title={Development and evaluation of an automated streaming potential measurement device}, volume={194}, ISSN={["0927-7757"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0927-7757(01)00802-0}, abstractNote={The streaming potential and other colloidal properties of aqueous suspensions of bleached kraft fibers were evaluated by a new laboratory instrument, the Streaming Potential Jar (SPJ). This device provides precise streaming potential data under moderately high electrical conductivity levels of 0.5–10 mS cm−1. Features of the SPJ include automated operation, rapid acquisition and processing of data, continuous stirring, and applied pressures up to 276 kPa. The SPJ also provides data related to drainage rates and the turbidity of the filtrate. Test results showed a high degree of linearity of the streaming potential signals with applied pressure and little dependence of the results on the solids levels of the fiber slurries. These results, which are consistent with the Helmholtz–Smoluchowski equation, tend to justify the level of applied pressure used in this work. Changes in streaming potential with increasing pH were consistent with expected dissociation of surface-bound carboxyl groups on the fibers. The absolute magnitudes of the streaming potential values of bleached kraft pulps were strongly affected by increasing concentrations of Na2SO4. However, a high repeatability of measurements was obtained throughout the range of conductivities considered; relative standard deviations of streaming potentials were consistently below 3%. Titrations with poly-(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) yielded curves that had shapes similar to those of parallel tests by microelectrophoresis; however, the amount of titrant needed to reach the endpoints was about three times higher in the case of the streaming potential tests. The disagreement between the endpoints determined by the two types of test is attributed to a diffusion process of the titrant into the porous fibers.}, number={1-3}, journal={COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS}, author={Wang, F and Hubbe, MA}, year={2001}, month={Dec}, pages={221–232} }
 @article{wang_tanaka_2001, title={Mechanisms of neutral-alkaline paper sizing with usual rosin size using alum-polymer dual retention aid system}, volume={27}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Pulp and Paper Science}, author={Wang, F. and Tanaka, H.}, year={2001}, pages={8–13} }
 @article{wang_tanaka_kitaoka_hubbe_2000, title={Distribution characteristics of rosin size and their effect on the internal sizing of paper}, volume={15}, DOI={10.3183/npprj-2000-15-05-p416-421}, abstractNote={It was attempted to systematically elucidate three aspects of acidic and neutral rosin sizing. These were (a) the relationship between sizing efficiency and the retention behavior of rosin sizes at the wet end, (b) the effect of pulp beating and fiber fines on the size distribution and sizing properties of paper, and (c) the distribution characteristics of rosin size on pulp fiber surfaces in internal paper sizing. Pyrolysis-GC and the oxine extraction method were used to determine the retained amounts of rosin size and aluminum in the paper. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and SEM-EDXA (energy dispersing X-ray analyzer) were employed to evaluate the distribution of rosin size on the pulp fiber surfaces. Under neutral to alkaline conditions neutral rosin and acid rosin sizes yielded distinctly differing sizing effects. The results depended to a great degree on the chemical stability of rosin particles and the retention efficiency of each type of sizing agent under the wet-end conditions of papermaking. Pulp beating and fiber fines influenced the size distribution and sizing properties of paper. Both pulp beating and the existence of fiber fines were considered as important contributing factors leading to the observed uneven rosin size distribution. Furthermore, the rosin size was unevenly distributed on the fiber surfaces not only for freeze-dried paper, but also for cured paper, and its distribution was similar for both types of papers and correlated to that of aluminum. A continuous rosin size film could not be formed even after drying by heating. It is proposed that an uneven aluminum distribution on fiber surfaces can be a root cause of non-uniform sizing with rosin.}, number={5}, journal={Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal}, author={Wang, F. and Tanaka, H. and Kitaoka, T. and Hubbe, M. A.}, year={2000}, pages={416–421} }
 @article{hubbe_wang, title={Charge-related measurements: A reappraisal. Part 2: Fiber-pad streaming potential}, volume={45}, number={9}, journal={Paper Technology (Leatherhead, England)}, author={Hubbe, M. A. and Wang, F.}, pages={27–34} }