@article{shao_mirmiran_2004, title={Nonlinear cyclic response of laminated glass FRP tubes filled with concrete}, volume={65}, ISSN={["1879-1085"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.compstruct.2003.10.009}, abstractNote={Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) materials are generally known for their linear elastic response to failure. The present study evaluated the implications of using FRP as primary and sole reinforcement for concrete structures in seismic regions through an experimental and analytical investigation on the cyclic response of two different types of laminated glass FRP tubes filled with concrete. The study showed that concrete-filled tubes can be designed with an appropriate laminate structure for a ductility level comparable to that of conventional reinforced concrete columns. The nonlinearity and ductility in these types of structures stem from the off-axis response of the FRP tube. A hysteretic model was developed for the tube, and was cast into a two-dimensional three-node combined fiber element for the concrete-filled FRP tube. Good agreement was shown between the analytical models and the experimental results.}, number={1}, journal={COMPOSITE STRUCTURES}, author={Shao, Y and Mirmiran, A}, year={2004}, month={Jul}, pages={91–101} }
 @article{mirmiran_shao_shahawy_2002, title={Analysis and field tests on the performance of composite tubes under pile driving impact}, volume={55}, ISSN={["0263-8223"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0263-8223(01)00140-4}, abstractNote={Composite tubes provide a feasible alternative to concrete piles by eliminating formwork, reinforcing cage, and additional corrosion-deterrent cover. Field driving of concrete-filled composite tubes showed no damage to the tube or concrete. Driving stresses in filled tubes were found comparable to those for prestressed concrete piles. Empty tubes may buckle or rupture under driving impact, unless driven at shallow depths and in soft soils, or with a steel mandrel. A detailed parametric study using the wave equation further confirmed that there is no difference in the drivability of filled FRP tubes and prestressed concrete piles of the same cross-sectional area and concrete strength. The typical refusal rate for conventional concrete piles can be safely adopted for filled tubes. However, empty tubes are susceptible to compression failure, and can only endure diving stresses up to 40–50% of the refusal rate of concrete piles.}, number={2}, journal={COMPOSITE STRUCTURES}, author={Mirmiran, A and Shao, YT and Shahawy, M}, year={2002}, month={Feb}, pages={127–135} }