@article{hancock_tallury_isleib_chu_ozias-akins_stalker_2019, title={Introgression Analysis and Morphological Characterization of an Arachis hypogaea x A. diogoi Interspecific Hybrid Derived Population}, volume={59}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2018.07.0461}, abstractNote={Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an economically important crop grown around the world. Compared with the entire Arachis genus, cultivated peanut germplasm has low levels of genetic diversity for several economically important traits, resulting in the need for alternative sources of favorable alleles. Wild diploid species of Arachis are a source of such alleles to improve cultivated peanut for many economically important traits. An A. hypogaea × A. diogoi Hoehne introgression population was produced via the triploid–hexaploid method; the fourth generation after tetraploidy was used to initiate this study. The introgression lines were genotyped using a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker array to estimate the percentage of A. diogoi chromatin introgression. Morphologically, the introgression lines varied for an array of measured traits, with the majority being intermediate to the two parents. The average amount of A. diogoi genome introgressed was 8.12% across the tetraploid genome and ranged from 3.00 to 18.14% on individual chromosomes. The average A. diogoi introgression across all lines was 7.70% and ranged from 0.17 to 51.12%. Principal component analysis of morphological data and SNP markers revealed similarities and groupings of introgression lines. This introgression population demonstrates the potential of using wild diploid Arachis species for peanut improvement and has great potential for use in cultivated peanut breeding programs.}, number={2}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Hancock, Wesley G. and Tallury, Shyam P. and Isleib, Thomas G. and Chu, Ye and Ozias-Akins, Peggy and Stalker, H. Thomas}, year={2019}, pages={640–649} }
 @misc{stalker_2017, title={Utilizing Wild Species for Peanut Improvement}, volume={57}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2016.09.0824}, abstractNote={The cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an allotetraploid species with a very large and complex genome. This species is susceptible to numerous foliar and soil‐borne diseases for which only moderate levels of resistance have been identified in the germplasm collection, but several of the 81 wild species are extremely resistant to many destructive peanut diseases. Peanut species were grouped into nine sections, but only taxa in section Arachis will hybridize with A. hypogaea. Most of these species are diploid, but two aneuploids and two tetraploids also exist in the section. The first peanut cultivars released after interspecific hybridization were ‘Spancross’ and ‘Tamnut 74’ during the 1970s from a cross between A. hypogaea and its tetraploid progenitor. However, introgression of useful genes from diploids has been difficult due to sterility barriers resulting from genomic and ploidy differences. To utilize diploids in section Arachis, direct hybrids have been made between A. hypogaea and diploid species, the chromosome number doubled to the hexaploid level, and then tetraploids recovered with resistances to nematodes, leaf spots, rust, and numerous insect pests. ‘Bailey’, a widely grown Virginia‐type peanut, was released from these materials, and other cultivars are gown in Asia and South America. Alternatively, hybrids between diploid A and B genome species have been made, the chromosome number doubled, and cultivars released with nematode resistance derived from Arachis species. Introgression from Arachis species to A. hypogaea appears to be in large blocks rather than as single genes, and new genotyping strategies should enhance utilization of wild peanut genetic resources.}, number={3}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Stalker, H. Thomas}, year={2017}, pages={1102–1120} }
 @article{bertioli_cannon_froenicke_huang_farmer_cannon_liu_gao_clevenger_dash_et al._2016, title={The genome sequences of Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaensis, the diploid ancestors of cultivated peanut}, volume={48}, ISSN={["1546-1718"]}, DOI={10.1038/ng.3517}, abstractNote={David Bertioli and colleagues report the genomes of Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaensis, the diploid ancestors of cultivated peanut, Arachis hypogaea. Their analyses are a first step in understanding the evolution of the peanut's tetraploid genome. Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is an allotetraploid with closely related subgenomes of a total size of ∼2.7 Gb. This makes the assembly of chromosomal pseudomolecules very challenging. As a foundation to understanding the genome of cultivated peanut, we report the genome sequences of its diploid ancestors (Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaensis). We show that these genomes are similar to cultivated peanut's A and B subgenomes and use them to identify candidate disease resistance genes, to guide tetraploid transcript assemblies and to detect genetic exchange between cultivated peanut's subgenomes. On the basis of remarkably high DNA identity of the A. ipaensis genome and the B subgenome of cultivated peanut and biogeographic evidence, we conclude that A. ipaensis may be a direct descendant of the same population that contributed the B subgenome to cultivated peanut.}, number={4}, journal={NATURE GENETICS}, author={Bertioli, David John and Cannon, Steven B. and Froenicke, Lutz and Huang, Guodong and Farmer, Andrew D. and Cannon, Ethalinda K. S. and Liu, Xin and Gao, Dongying and Clevenger, Josh and Dash, Sudhansu and et al.}, year={2016}, month={Apr}, pages={438-+} }
 @article{tallury_isleib_copeland_rosas-anderson_balota_singh_stalker_2014, title={Registration of Two Multiple Disease-Resistant Peanut Germplasm Lines Derived from Arachis cardenasii Krapov. & WC Gregory, GKP 10017}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1940-3496"]}, DOI={10.3198/jpr2013.04.0017crg}, abstractNote={Journal of Plant RegistrationsVolume 8, Issue 1 p. 86-89 Germplasm Registration of Two Multiple Disease-Resistant Peanut Germplasm Lines Derived from Arachis cardenasii Krapov. & W.C. Gregory, GKP 10017 S. P. Tallury, Corresponding Author S. P. Tallury stallur@clemson.edu Dep. of Crop Science, Box 7629, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Corresponding author (stallur@clemson.edu)Search for more papers by this authorT. G. Isleib, T. G. Isleib Dep. of Crop Science, Box 7629, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Search for more papers by this authorS. C. Copeland, S. C. Copeland Dep. of Crop Science, Box 7629, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Search for more papers by this authorP. Rosas-Anderson, P. Rosas-Anderson Dep. of Crop Science, Box 7629, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Search for more papers by this authorM. Balota, M. Balota Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VASearch for more papers by this authorD. Singh, D. Singh Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VASearch for more papers by this authorH. T. Stalker, H. T. Stalker Dep. of Crop Science, Box 7629, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Search for more papers by this author S. P. Tallury, Corresponding Author S. P. Tallury stallur@clemson.edu Dep. of Crop Science, Box 7629, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Corresponding author (stallur@clemson.edu)Search for more papers by this authorT. G. Isleib, T. G. Isleib Dep. of Crop Science, Box 7629, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Search for more papers by this authorS. C. Copeland, S. C. Copeland Dep. of Crop Science, Box 7629, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Search for more papers by this authorP. Rosas-Anderson, P. Rosas-Anderson Dep. of Crop Science, Box 7629, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Search for more papers by this authorM. Balota, M. Balota Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VASearch for more papers by this authorD. Singh, D. Singh Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VASearch for more papers by this authorH. T. Stalker, H. T. Stalker Dep. of Crop Science, Box 7629, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Search for more papers by this author First published: 19 December 2013 https://doi.org/10.3198/jpr2013.04.0017crgCitations: 31 All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Two tetraploid (2n = 4x = 40) peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) germplasm lines, GP-NC WS 16 (SPT 06-06) (Reg. No. GP-235, PI 669445) and GP-NC WS 17 (SPT 06-07) (Reg. No. GP-236, PI 669446), derived from interspecific hybridization, were developed in the peanut genetics program at North Carolina State University (NCSU), Raleigh, NC. These two lines were tested extensively by the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service from 2006 through 2012 in disease evaluation tests. They have unique alleles introgressed from the diploid (2n = 2x = 20) wild species, A. cardenasii Krapov. & W.C. Gregory. The germplasm lines are also unique in that they exhibited multiple disease resistances superior to the germplasm lines derived from A. cardenasii that were released previously by NCSU. Resistance to multiple diseases included early leaf spot (ELS), Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR), Sclerotinia blight (SB), and tomato spotted wilt (TSW). One of the lines, GP-NC WS 17, also exhibited drought tolerance in field and greenhouse studies. Thus, it can be concluded that these two peanut germplasm lines derived from diploid wild species have multiple biotic stress resistances, specifically for ELS, CBR, SB, and TSWV, as well as abiotic stress resistance in the case of GP-NC WS 17. These two lines should provide unique, improved germplasm for breeders interested in multiple disease resistance and in expanding the germplasm pool of A. hypogaea. Citing Literature Volume8, Issue1January 2014Pages 86-89 RelatedInformation}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS}, author={Tallury, S. P. and Isleib, T. G. and Copeland, S. C. and Rosas-Anderson, P. and Balota, M. and Singh, D. and Stalker, H. T.}, year={2014}, month={Jan}, pages={86–89} }
 @article{nagy_guo_tang_bowers_okashah_taylor_zhang_khanal_heesacker_khalilian_et al._2012, title={A high-density genetic map of Arachis duranensis, a diploid ancestor of cultivated peanut}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1471-2164"]}, DOI={10.1186/1471-2164-13-469}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={BMC GENOMICS}, author={Nagy, Ervin D. and Guo, Yufang and Tang, Shunxue and Bowers, John E. and Okashah, Rebecca A. and Taylor, Christopher A. and Zhang, Dong and Khanal, Sameer and Heesacker, Adam F. and Khalilian, Nelly and et al.}, year={2012}, month={Sep} }
 @article{guo_khanal_tang_bowers_heesacker_khalilian_nagy_zhang_taylor_stalker_et al._2012, title={Comparative mapping in intraspecific populations uncovers a high degree of macrosynteny between A- and B-genome diploid species of peanut}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1471-2164"]}, DOI={10.1186/1471-2164-13-608}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={BMC GENOMICS}, author={Guo, Yufang and Khanal, Sameer and Tang, Shunxue and Bowers, John E. and Heesacker, Adam F. and Khalilian, Nelly and Nagy, Ervin D. and Zhang, Dong and Taylor, Christopher A. and Stalker, H. Thomas and et al.}, year={2012}, month={Nov} }
 @article{calbrix_beilinson_stalker_nielsen_2012, title={Diversity of Seed Storage Proteins of Arachis hypogaea and Related Species}, volume={52}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2011.08.0430}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={4}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Calbrix, Raphael G. and Beilinson, Vadim and Stalker, H. Thomas and Nielsen, Niels C.}, year={2012}, month={Jul}, pages={1676–1688} }
 @article{wang_sukumaran_barkley_chen_chen_guo_pittman_stalker_holbrook_pederson_et al._2011, title={Population structure and marker-trait association analysis of the US peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) mini-core collection}, volume={123}, ISSN={["1432-2242"]}, DOI={10.1007/s00122-011-1668-7}, abstractNote={Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the most important oilseed and nutritional crops in the world. To efficiently utilize the germplasm collection, a peanut mini-core containing 112 accessions was established in the United States. To determine the population structure and its impact on marker-trait association, this mini-core collection was assessed by genotyping 94 accessions with 81 SSR markers and two functional SNP markers from fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2). Seed quality traits (including oil content, fatty acid composition, flavonoids, and resveratrol) were obtained through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gas chromatography (GC), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Genetic diversity and population structure analysis identified four major subpopulations that are related to four botanical varieties. Model comparison with different levels of population structure and kinship control was conducted for each trait and association analyses with the selected models verified that the functional SNP from the FAD2A gene is significantly associated with oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), and oleic-to-linoleic (O/L) ratio across this diverse collection. Even though the allele distribution of FAD2A was structured among the four subpopulations, the effect of FAD2A gene remained significant after controlling population structure and had a likelihood-ratio-based R ( 2 ) (R ( LR ) ( 2 ) ) value of 0.05 (oleic acid), 0.09 (linoleic acid), and 0.07 (O/L ratio) because the FAD2A alleles were not completely fixed within subpopulations. Our genetic analysis demonstrated that this peanut mini-core panel is suitable for association mapping. Phenotypic characterization for seed quality traits and association testing of the functional SNP from FAD2A gene provided information for further breeding and genetic research.}, number={8}, journal={THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS}, author={Wang, Ming Li and Sukumaran, Sivakumar and Barkley, Noelle A. and Chen, Zhenbang and Chen, Charles Y. and Guo, Baozhu and Pittman, Roy N. and Stalker, H. Thomas and Holbrook, C. Corley and Pederson, Gary A. and et al.}, year={2011}, month={Dec}, pages={1307–1317} }
 @article{wang_chen_davis_guo_stalker_pittman_2010, title={Assessment of oil content and fatty acid composition variability in different peanut subspecies and botanical varieties}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1479-263X"]}, DOI={10.1017/s1479262109990177}, abstractNote={Within the cultivated peanut species (Arachis hypogaeaL.), there are two subspecies comprising six botanical varieties, and the effect of botanical taxon on oil content and fatty acid composition variability is unclear. To gauge the variability, 83 peanut accessions were analyzed for oil content (expressed at 0% moisture) and fatty acid composition. We found that within the subsp.hypogaea, var.hypogaeacontained a much higher amount of oil in seeds than did the var.hirsutaKöhler (520 vs. 473 g/kg,P < 0.05); within the subsp.fastigiataWaldron, the vars.aequatorianaKrapov. & W.C. Gregory andvulgarisHarz contained a similar amount of oil in seeds (491 g/kg), not significantly different from other botanical varieties, but var.fastigiatacontained a higher amount of oil (500 g/kg) than the var.peruvianaKrapov. & W.C. Gregory (483 g/kg). In terms of the fatty acid composition, oil from seeds of var.hypogaeacontained much more oleic acid than did var.hirsuta(491 vs. 377 g/kg,P < 0.05), but much less palmitic acid (97 vs. 138 g/kg,P < 0.05%) and linoleic acid (308 vs. 402 g/kg,P < 0.05). Oil from seeds of var.vulgariscontained much more oleic acid than did var.aequatoriana(437 vs. 402 g/kg,P < 0.05), but much less linoleic acid (346 vs. 380 g/kg,P < 0.05). Significant negative correlations of oleic with palmitic and linoleic acids were detected. The information on the oil content and fatty acid composition variability among botanical varieties would be useful for peanut breeders seeking germplasm containing both high oil content and proper fatty acid composition.}, number={1}, journal={PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES-CHARACTERIZATION AND UTILIZATION}, author={Wang, M. L. and Chen, C. Y. and Davis, J. and Guo, B. and Stalker, H. T. and Pittman, R. N.}, year={2010}, month={Apr}, pages={71–73} }
 @article{wang_barkley_chinnan_stalker_pittman_2010, title={Oil content and fatty acid composition variability in wild peanut species}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1479-263X"]}, DOI={10.1017/s1479262110000274}, abstractNote={Wild peanut species are useful genetic resources for improving the levels of disease/pest resistance and for enhancing the quality of seed composition by interspecific hybridization. The variation in oil content and fatty acid composition of wild peanut species in the United States Department of Agriculture germplasm collection is unknown. Seeds available from 39 wild species (plus a cultivated peanut) were requested from the U.S. peanut germplasm collection. Oil content was measured using nuclear magnetic resonance, fatty acid composition was analysed using gas chromatography, and the D150N functional mutation of theFAD2Agene was screened by real-time PCR. Significant variability in oil content (41.7–61.3%) was identified among the wild peanut species.Arachis magnacontained significantly more oil (61%) than cultivated peanut (56%). There was no functional mutation identified within theFAD2Agene target, and no wild species were identified with a high ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid. The results from gas chromatography and real-time PCR analyses were consistent. However,Arachis sylvestriscontained a significantly higher amount (22%) of long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) than the cultivated peanut (4%). Thus,A.magnaandA. sylvestrismay be good breeding materials to use for increasing oil content or LCFA composition of cultivated peanuts in breeding programs.}, number={3}, journal={PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES-CHARACTERIZATION AND UTILIZATION}, author={Wang, M. L. and Barkley, N. A. and Chinnan, M. and Stalker, H. T. and Pittman, R. N.}, year={2010}, month={Dec}, pages={232–234} }
 @article{nagy_chu_guo_khanal_tang_li_dong_timper_taylor_ozias-akins_et al._2010, title={Recombination is suppressed in an alien introgression in peanut harboring Rma, a dominant root-knot nematode resistance gene}, volume={26}, ISSN={["1572-9788"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11032-010-9430-4}, number={2}, journal={MOLECULAR BREEDING}, author={Nagy, Ervin D. and Chu, Ye and Guo, Yufang and Khanal, Sameer and Tang, Shunxue and Li, Yan and Dong, Weibo B. and Timper, Patricia and Taylor, Christopher and Ozias-Akins, Peggy and et al.}, year={2010}, month={Aug}, pages={357–370} }
 @article{friend_quandt_tallury_stalker_hilu_2010, title={Species, genomes, and section relationships in the genus Arachis (Fabaceae): a molecular phylogeny}, volume={290}, ISSN={["1615-6110"]}, DOI={10.1007/s00606-010-0360-8}, number={1-4}, journal={PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION}, author={Friend, S. A. and Quandt, D. and Tallury, S. P. and Stalker, H. T. and Hilu, K. W.}, year={2010}, month={Dec}, pages={185–199} }
 @article{garcia_tallury_stalker_kochert_2006, title={Molecular analysis of Arachis interspecific hybrids}, volume={112}, ISSN={["1432-2242"]}, DOI={10.1007/s00122-006-0236-z}, abstractNote={Incorporation of genetic resistance against several biotic stresses that plague cultivated peanut, Arachis hypogaea (2n = 4x = 40), is an ideal option to develop disease resistant and ecologically safe peanut varieties. The primary gene pool of peanut contains many diploid wild species (2n = 2x = 20) of Arachis, which have high levels of disease and insect resistances. However, transfer of resistant genes from these species into A. hypogaea is difficult due to ploidy level differences and genomic incompatibilities. This study was conducted to monitor alien germplasm transmission, using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, from two diploid wild species, A. cardenasii and A. batizocoi, into A. hypogaea. Triploid interspecific hybrids were produced by crossing two A. hypogaea cultivars (NC 6 and Argentine) with the two species and by colchicine-treating vegetative meristems, fertility was restored at the hexaploid (C(o)) level in the four hybrids. Hexaploids were allowed to self-pollinate for four generations, each referred to as a cycle (C1, C2, C3, and C4). At each cycle, a backcross was made with the respective A. hypogaea cultivar as the maternal parent and only lineages tracing back to a single hexaploid hybrid were used for RAPD analysis. Analysis of mapped, species-specific RAPD markers in BC1F1 to BC1F3 hybrids indicated that alien germplasm retention decreased every generation of inbreeding, especially in Argentine and in A. batizocoi crosses. A similar trend was also observed for every cycle in BC1F2 and BC1F3 families, possibly, due to the loss of alien chromosomes following selfing of hexaploids. RAPD marker analysis of 40-chromosome interspecific hybrid derivatives from the four crosses supported previous reports that reciprocal recombination and/or translocations are the predominant mechanisms for exchange of chromosomal segments. No evidence was found for preferential transfer of alien chromosomal regions to specific linkage groups. The implications for developing disease resistant peanut breeding lines are discussed in light of these findings.}, number={7}, journal={THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS}, author={Garcia, GM and Tallury, SP and Stalker, HT and Kochert, G}, year={2006}, month={May}, pages={1342–1348} }
 @article{isleib_rice_mozingo_copeland_graeber_shew_smith_melouk_stalker_2006, title={Registration of N96076L peanut germplasm line}, volume={46}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2005.12.0479}, abstractNote={N96076L (Reg. no. GP-125, PI 641950) is a large-seeded virginia-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) germplasm line with resistance to multiple diseases including early leafspot (caused by Cercospora arachidicola S. Hori), Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR) {caused by Cylindrocladium parasiticum Crous, Wingfield & Alfenas [syn. C. crotalariae (Loos)D.K.Bell&Sobers]}, Sclerotiniablight (caused by Sclerotinia minor Jagger), and tomato spotted wilt caused by Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). N96076Lwas released by the NorthCarolinaAgriculturalResearchService (NCARS) in 2005. N96076Lwas tested by theNCARS, by the VirginiaAgricultural Experiment Station (VAES), and the USDA-ARSWheat, Peanut and Other Field Crops Research Unit at Stillwater, OK. N96076L is a virginia market-type line possessing alternate branching pattern, runner growth habit, medium green foliage, large seeds with dull tan testa averaging 880 mg seed, approximately 70% jumbo pods and 22% fancy pods. N96076L is an F4–derived line selected from cross X91053 made in 1991 using NCSU breeding line N90004 as the female and leafspotresistant germplasm line GP NCWS 13 (Stalker et al., 2002) as the male. N90004 was an F5–derived line selected from NCSU cross X84002 between ‘NC 7’ (Wynne et al., 1979) and ‘Florigiant’ (Carver, 1969). GP NC WS 13 has complex ancestry. One quarter of its ancestry comes from GP NC WS 4 (Stalker and Beute, 1993), a tetraploid (2n 5 4x 5 40) selection from a cross between PI 261942 (A. hypogaea subsp. fastigiataWaldron var. fastigiata) and leafspot-resistant diploid (2n5 2x5 20) wild species A. cardenasii Krapov. & W.C. Gregory GKP 10017 (PI 262141). One quarter of GP NC WS 13’s ancestry comes from leafspot-resistantA. hypogaea PI 270807, and one half from the cultivar ‘NC 5’ (Emery andGregory, 1970), which has moderate resistance to early leafspot. F1 plants of cross X91053 were grown at a winter nursery in Puerto Rico, single-seed descent was practiced in the F2 and F3 generations, and single-plant selections were made in the F4 generation. F4:5 families were planted at Peanut Belt Research Station (PBRS) at Lewiston in Bertie County, NC, in a field receiving no fungicide treatment to control leafspot in the summer of 1995. Families exhibiting reduced levels of defoliation were harvested in bulk and retained for evaluation in the Leafspot Test, a two-rep test of defoliation, yield, and grade grown without leafspot control at PBRS in 1996. Family X91053 F2-S-S-08: F05 was numbered N96076L when entered in the 1996 Leafspot Test. Although N96076L was developed for resistance to early leafspot, it also was evaluated for resistance to other diseases common to theVirginia–Carolina region.N96076L’s reaction to early leafspot was evaluated from 1996 through 2004 in 12 field trials with no application of leafspot fungicide during the entire season. Defoliation was rated on a proportional scale of 1 (no defoliation) to 9 (complete defoliation) in late September or early October each year, and yield was measured on the unsprayed plots. Although N96076L had more defoliation than resistant checkGP-NC343(Campbell etal., 1971) (5.5vs.4.3,P, 0.01), it had less than either ‘NC 12C’ (Isleib et al., 1997) (5.7 vs. 6.2 defoliation score,P, 0.01) or ‘Perry’ (Isleib et al., 2003) (5.8 vs. 6.6defoliation score,P,0.01), the twomost resistantvirginiatype cultivars. N96076L did not differ significantly from any of these three checks for yield in the absence of leafspot control. N96076L’s reactions to Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR) and to Sclerotinia blight were evaluated by the NCSU breeding project from 1997 through 2004 in eight replicated tests conducted in North Carolina on naturally infested soils with no chemical control of these diseases. N96076L was not significantly different from the resistant cultivar Perry in incidence of CBR (8 vs. 10%, ns), but it did have lower CBR incidence than NC 12C (9 vs. 21%, P , 0.01) and ‘Gregory’ (Isleib et al., 1999) (8 vs. 17%, P, 0.01). N96076L was not different from the partially resistant cultivar Perry in incidence of Sclerotinia blight (7 vs. 21%, ns), but it did have lower incidence than NC 12C (6 vs. 28%, P , 0.01) and Gregory (7 vs. 30%, P, 0.01). Yield, grade and Sclerotinia blight incidence in N96076L were evaluated by USDA-ARS personnel at Stillwater, OK, in a two-rep trial conducted in infested soil at Fort Cobb, OK, during 1998. Disease incidence in N96076L was less than in any of the lines tested except ‘Tamrun 98’ (Simpson et al., 2000) (16 vs. 30%, ns), but there was no variation in yield among the lines tested. Physiological resistance to S. minor was documented in detached plant part inoculations under controlled laboratory conditions (Smith, 2004, p. 72–93). Lesion development measured by the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was significantly smaller for all parts with the exception of mainstems when compared to NC 12C and NC 7 (P , 0.0001). In the field, resistance most likely due to avoidance was also documented. Fewer infections were detected on lateral branches of N96076L plants when compared with NC 12C (13 vs. 46%, P , 0.01), Perry, (13 vs. 44%, P , 0.01), and ‘VA 98R’ (Mozingo et al., 2000) (13 vs. 23%, P , 0.01). N96076L’s reaction to TSWV was evaluated from 1997 through 2004 in 18 field trials with seeds spaced 50 cm apart and no application of insecticides to control thrips (Frankliniella fusca Hinds), the vector of the virus. N96076L had lower incidence of TSWV symptoms than NC 12C (22 vs. 45%,P, 0.01), Gregory (26 vs. 33%,P, 0.01), and Perry (25 vs. 52%,P, 0.01) and was not different from resistant check PI 576636 (21 vs. 16%, ns). N96076L should be considered resistant to all four of these diseases. Agronomic performance of N96076L was evaluated in 13 trials conducted by the NCARS breeding program over 1996 to 2004. Although yield of N96076L was not significantly different from that of NC 12C (3774 vs. 4050 kg ha, ns), Gregory (3703 vs. 3960 kg ha, ns) or Perry (3702 vs. 3709 kg ha, ns), its average pod brightness (42.7 Hunter L score) (Isleib et al., 1997) was less (44.6 for NC 12C, P, 0.01; 44.3 for Gregory, P, 0.01; and 44.4 for Perry, P, 0.01), making N96076L unsuitable for use as a cultivar for the in-shell market. N96076L is adapted to the Virginia-Carolina peanut production area. Seed of N96076L will be maintained by the N.C. Agricultural Research Service, Box 7643, N.C. State University, Raleigh, NC 27695–7643. Foundation seed will be distributed by the N.C. Foundation Seed Producers, Inc., 8220 Riley Hill Rd., Zebulon, NC 27597. The N.C. Agricultural Research Service will provide small (50–100 seed) samples to research organizations for research purposes.}, number={5}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Isleib, T. G. and Rice, P. W. and Mozingo, R. W., II and Copeland, S. C. and Graeber, J. B. and Shew, B. B. and Smith, D. L. and Melouk, H. A. and Stalker, H. T.}, year={2006}, pages={2329–2330} }
 @article{ferguson_jarvis_stalker_williams_guarino_valls_pittman_simpson_bramel_2005, title={Biogeography of wild Arachis (Leguminosae): distribution and environmental characterisation}, volume={14}, ISSN={["1572-9710"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10531-004-0699-7}, abstractNote={Geographic Information System (GIS) tools are applied to a comprehensive database of 3514 records of wild Arachis species to assist in the conservation and utilisation of the species by: (a) determining the distributional range of species and their abundance; (b) characterising species environments; (c) determining the geographical distribution of species richness; and (d) determining the extent to which species are associated with river basins. Distributional ranges, climatic variables and indices of endemism for each species are tabulated. A. duranensis Krapov. & W.C. Gregory, the most probable donor of the A genome to the cultivated peanut, is distributed in close proximity to both the proposed donor of the B genome, A. ipaënsis, and the closest wild relative of the cultigen, A. monticola Krapov. & Rigoni. This region in the eastern foothills of the Andes and the adjoining chaco regions of Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay, is a key area for further exploration for wild Arachis. An area of particularly high species richness occurs in the State of Mato Grosso, close to the Gran Pantanal in southwest Brazil. Seventy-one percent of the species were found to have some degree of association with water catchment areas, although in most cases it was difficult to determine whether this was due to climatic adaptation reasons, restricted dispersal due to geocarpic habit, or the role of watercourses as a principal dispersal agent. In only two cases could climatic adaptation be eliminated as the reason for species distribution.}, number={7}, journal={BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION}, author={Ferguson, ME and Jarvis, A and Stalker, HT and Williams, DE and Guarino, L and Valls, JFM and Pittman, RN and Simpson, CE and Bramel, PJ}, year={2005}, month={Jun}, pages={1777–1798} }
 @article{tallury_hilu_milla_friend_alsaghir_stalker_quandt_2005, title={Genomic affinities in Arachis section Arachis (Fabaceae): molecular and cytogenetic evidence}, volume={111}, ISSN={["1432-2242"]}, DOI={10.1007/s00122-005-0017-0}, abstractNote={Section Arachis is the largest of nine sections in the genus Arachis and includes domesticated peanut, A. hypogaea L. Most species are diploids (x = 10) with two tetraploids and a few aneuploids. Three genome types have been recognized in this section (A, B and D), but the genomes are not well characterized and relationships of several newly described species are uncertain. To clarify genomic relationships in section Arachis, cytogenetic information and molecular data from amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and the trnT-F plastid region were used to provide an additional insight into genome composition and species relationships. Cytogenetic information supports earlier observations on genome types of A. cruziana, A. herzogii, A. kempff-mercadoi and A. kuhlmannii but was inconclusive about the genome composition of A. benensis, A. hoehnei, A. ipaensis, A. palustris, A. praecox and A. williamsii. An AFLP dendrogram resolved species into four major clusters and showed A. hypogaea grouping closely with A. ipaensis and A. williamsii. Sequence data of the trnT-F region provided genome-specific information and showed for the first time that the B and D genomes are more closely related to each other than to the A genome. Integration of information from cytogenetics and biparentally and maternally inherited genomic regions show promise in understanding genome types and relationships in Arachis.}, number={7}, journal={THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Tallury, SP and Hilu, KW and Milla, SR and Friend, SA and Alsaghir, M and Stalker, HT and Quandt, D}, year={2005}, month={Nov}, pages={1229–1237} }
 @article{gepts_beavis_brummer_shoemaker_stalker_weeden_young_2005, title={Legumes as a model plant family. Genomics for food and feed report of the cross-legume advances through genomics conference}, volume={137}, ISSN={["1532-2548"]}, DOI={10.1104/pp.105.060871}, abstractNote={On December 14 to 15, 2004, some 50 legume researchers and funding agency representatives (the latter as observers) met in Santa Fe, New Mexico, to develop a plan for cross-legume genomics research. This conference was one of the outcomes of the Legume Crops Genome Initiative (LCGI), an organization}, number={4}, journal={PLANT PHYSIOLOGY}, author={Gepts, P and Beavis, WD and Brummer, EC and Shoemaker, RC and Stalker, HT and Weeden, NF and Young, ND}, year={2005}, month={Apr}, pages={1228–1235} }
 @article{garcia_stalker_schroeder_lyerly_kochert_2005, title={RAPD-based linkage map of peanut based on a backcross population between the two diploid species Arachis stenosperma and A. Cardenasii}, volume={32}, DOI={10.3146/0095-3679(2005)32[1:arlmop]2.0.co;2}, abstractNote={Abstract A molecular linkage map based on an interspecific diploid backcross population [Arachis stenosperma × (A. stenosperma × A. cardenasii)] was constructed utilizing RAPD and RFLP markers. One hundred sixty-seven RAPD loci and 39 RFLPs were mapped to 11 linkage groups, covering a total genetic length of 800 cM. Clusters of 2 to18 markers were observed in most linkage groups. Twenty seven percent of the markers showed segregation distortion and mapped to four regions. Thirty-nine RFLP markers shared with a previously published linkage map, based on an A. stenosperma × A. cardenasii F2 population, and six RAPD markers were used to establish correspondence between maps and to compare recombination frequencies between common markers. A generalized reduction in the recombination fraction was observed in the backcross map compared to the F2 map. All common markers mapped to the same linkage groups and mostly in the same order in both maps.}, number={1}, journal={Peanut Science}, author={Garcia, G. M. and Stalker, H. T. and Schroeder, E. and Lyerly, J. H. and Kochert, G.}, year={2005}, pages={1–8} }
 @article{milla_isleib_stalker_2005, title={Taxonomic relationships among Arachis sect. Arachis species as revealed by AFLP markers}, volume={48}, ISSN={["1480-3321"]}, DOI={10.1139/g04-089}, abstractNote={ Cultivated peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., is a tetraploid (2n = 4x = 40) species thought to be of allopolyploid origin. Its closest relatives are the diploid (2n = 2x = 20) annual and perennial species included with it in Arachis sect. Arachis. Species in section Arachis represent an important source of novel alleles for improvement of cultivated peanut. A better understanding of the level of speciation and taxonomic relationships between taxa within section Arachis is a prerequisite to the effective use of this secondary gene pool in peanut breeding programs. The AFLP technique was used to determine intra- and interspecific relationships among and within 108 accessions of 26 species of this section. A total of 1328 fragments were generated with 8 primer combinations. From those, 239 bands ranging in size from 65 to 760 bp were scored as binary data. Genetic distances among accessions ranged from 0 to 0.50. Average distances among diploid species (0.30) were much higher than that detected between tetraploid species (0.05). Cluster analysis using different methods and principal component analysis were performed. The resulting grouping of accessions and species supports previous taxonomic classifications and genome designations. Based on genetic distances and cluster analysis, A-genome accessions KG 30029 (Arachis helodes) and KSSc 36009 (Arachis simpsonii) and B-genome accession KGBSPSc 30076 (A. ipaensis) were the most closely related to both Arachis hypogaea and Arachis monticola. This finding suggests their involvement in the evolution of the tetraploid peanut species.Key words: peanut, numerical taxonomy, genome donors, classification. }, number={1}, journal={Genome}, publisher={Canadian Science Publishing}, author={Milla, S.R. and Isleib, T.G. and Stalker, H.T.}, year={2005}, pages={1–11} }
 @article{jarvis_ferguson_williams_guarino_jones_stalker_valls_pittman_simpson_bramel_2003, title={Biogeography of wild Arachis: Assessing conservation status and setting future priorities}, volume={43}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2003.1100}, abstractNote={The conservation status of wild Arachis spp. is not well characterized for its maintenance and possible future exploitation for the improvement of cultivated peanut, Arachis hypogaea L. Our objectives were to use 2175 georeferenced observations of wild peanut (Arachis spp.) to assess the conservation status of the genus and to prioritize biologically and geographically future conservation actions. Species distribution predictions were made on the basis of 36 climate variables, and these data were synthesized with land‐use data to map the potential distribution of each species, and hence the species richness of the whole genus, excluding A. hypogea hotspots of species richness were found in Mato Grosso around Cuiabá and Campo Grande in Brazil and around the Serra Geral de Goias, northeast of Brasilia. The current state of in situ conservation areas poorly represents wild peanut, with only 48 of the 2175 observations from National Parks. Several species were identified as being under threat of extinction. These included A. archeri Krapov. & W.C. Gregory, A. setinervosa Krapov. & W.C. Gregory, A. marginata Gardner, A. hatschbachii Krapov. & W.C. Gregory, A. appressipila Krapov. & W.C. Gregory, A. villosa Benth., A. cryptopotamica Krapov. & W.C. Gregory, A. helodes Martius ex Krapov. & Rigoni, A. magna W.C. Gregory & C.E. Simpson, and A. gracilis Krapov. & W.C. Gregory (identification based on highly restricted ranges and land‐use pressures); and A. ipaënsis Krapov. & W.C. Gregory, A. cruziana Krapov., W.C. Gregory & C.E. Simpson, A. williamsii Krapov. & W.C. Gregory, A. martii Handro, A. pietrarellii Krapov. & W.C. Gregory, A. vallsii Krapov. & W.C. Gregory, and A. monticola Krapov. & Rigoni (identification based on insufficient observations and land‐use pressures). It is suggested that ex situ conservation efforts should focus on the area around Pedro Gomes (300 km southeast of Cuiabá), 170 km south along the planned road from Cuiabá to Corumbá, and around San José de Chiquitos in Bolivia, where some of the species adapted to lower temperatures may be found.}, number={3}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Jarvis, A and Ferguson, ME and Williams, DE and Guarino, L and Jones, PG and Stalker, HT and Valls, JFM and Pittman, RN and Simpson, CE and Bramel, P}, year={2003}, pages={1100–1108} }
 @article{lyerly_stalker_moyer_hoffman_2002, title={Evaluation of Arachis species for resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus}, volume={29}, DOI={10.3146/pnut.29.2.0001}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={Peanut Science}, author={Lyerly, J. H. and Stalker, H. T. and Moyer, J. W. and Hoffman, K.}, year={2002}, pages={79–84} }
 @article{stalker_beute_shew_isleib_2002, title={Registration of five leaf spot-resistant peanut germplasm lines}, volume={42}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2002.0314}, abstractNote={Crop ScienceVolume 42, Issue 1 p. 314-316 Registration of Germplasm Registration of Five Leaf Spot-Resistant Peanut Germplasm Lines H.T. Stalker, Corresponding Author H.T. Stalker hts@unity.ncsu.edu Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Corresponding author (hts@unity.ncsu.edu)Search for more papers by this authorM.K. Beute, M.K. Beute Dep. of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Search for more papers by this authorB.B. Shew, B.B. Shew Dep. of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Search for more papers by this authorT.G. Isleib, T.G. Isleib Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Search for more papers by this author H.T. Stalker, Corresponding Author H.T. Stalker hts@unity.ncsu.edu Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Corresponding author (hts@unity.ncsu.edu)Search for more papers by this authorM.K. Beute, M.K. Beute Dep. of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Search for more papers by this authorB.B. Shew, B.B. Shew Dep. of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Search for more papers by this authorT.G. Isleib, T.G. Isleib Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 January 2002 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2002.3140Citations: 27 Registration by CSSA. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume42, Issue1January–February 2002Pages 314-316 RelatedInformation}, number={1}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Stalker, HT and Beute, MK and Shew, BB and Isleib, TG}, year={2002}, pages={314–316} }
 @article{stalker_lynch_2002, title={Registration of four insect-resistant peanut germplasm lines}, volume={42}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2002.0313}, abstractNote={Crop ScienceVolume 42, Issue 1 p. 313-314 Registration of Germplasm Registration of Four Insect-Resistant Peanut Germplasm Lines H.T. Stalker, Corresponding Author H.T. Stalker [email protected] Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Corresponding author ([email protected])Search for more papers by this authorR.E. Lynch, R.E. Lynch Insect Biol. and Population Mgmt. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 748, Tifton, GA, 31793-0748Search for more papers by this author H.T. Stalker, Corresponding Author H.T. Stalker [email protected] Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Corresponding author ([email protected])Search for more papers by this authorR.E. Lynch, R.E. Lynch Insect Biol. and Population Mgmt. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 748, Tifton, GA, 31793-0748Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 January 2002 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2002.3130Citations: 12 Registration by CSSA. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL References Lynch, R.E., and T.P. Mack. 1995. Biological and biotechnical advances for insect management in peanut. p. 95– 159. In H.E. Pattee and H.T. Stalker (ed.) Advances in Peanut Science. Am. Peanut Res. Educ. Soc., Stillwater, OK. Stalker, H.T., Utilizing Arachis cardenasii as a source of Cercospora leafspot resistance for peanut improvement. Euphytica (1984) 33, 529– 538 http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00021154, Stalker, H.T., Resistance of wild species of peanuts to an insect complex. Peanut Sci. (1983) 10, 30– 33 http://doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-10-1-9 Citing Literature Volume42, Issue1January–February 2002Pages 313-314 ReferencesRelatedInformation}, number={1}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Stalker, HT and Lynch, RE}, year={2002}, pages={313–314} }
 @article{stalker_beute_shew_barker_2002, title={Registration of two root-knot nematode-resistant peanut germplasm lines}, volume={42}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2002.312a}, abstractNote={Crop ScienceVolume 42, Issue 1 p. 312-313 Registration of Germplasm Registration of Two Root-Knot Nematode-Resistant Peanut Germplasm Lines H.T. Stalker, Corresponding Author H.T. Stalker hts@unity.ncsu.edu Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Corresponding author (hts@unity.ncsu.edu)Search for more papers by this authorM.K. Beute, M.K. Beute Dep. of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Search for more papers by this authorB.B. Shew, B.B. Shew Dep. of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Search for more papers by this authorK.R. Barker, K.R. Barker Dep. of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Search for more papers by this author H.T. Stalker, Corresponding Author H.T. Stalker hts@unity.ncsu.edu Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Corresponding author (hts@unity.ncsu.edu)Search for more papers by this authorM.K. Beute, M.K. Beute Dep. of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Search for more papers by this authorB.B. Shew, B.B. Shew Dep. of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Search for more papers by this authorK.R. Barker, K.R. Barker Dep. of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 January 2002 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2002.312aCitations: 19 Registration by CSSA. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume42, Issue1January–February 2002Pages 312-313 RelatedInformation}, number={1}, journal={Crop Science}, author={Stalker, H. T. and Beute, M. K. and Shew, B. B. and Barker, K. R.}, year={2002}, pages={312–313} }
 @article{stalker_1997, title={Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L)}, volume={53}, ISSN={["1872-6852"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0378-4290(97)00032-4}, number={1-3}, journal={FIELD CROPS RESEARCH}, author={Stalker, HT}, year={1997}, month={Jul}, pages={205–217} }
 @article{stalker_dhesi_kochert_1995, title={Genetic diversity within the species Arachis duranensis Krapov & W.C. Gregory, a possible progenitor of cultivated peanut}, volume={38}, ISSN={["0831-2796"]}, DOI={10.1139/g95-158}, abstractNote={ Eighteen accessions of a diploid wild peanut species (Arachis duranensis) were analyzed using morphological, intercrossing, cytological, and RFLP data. Abundant variation was found for morphological characters and for RFLP patterns both between and within accessions, and each accession could be uniquely identified by RFLP pattern. Several plants were found to be F1 hybrids between different accessions, indicating that intercrossing had occurred when these were planted for seed increase. Patterns of RFLP diversity were found to correspond with geographic distribution. Analysis of the number of RFLP fragments observed per accession indicates that additional field collections of this complex of taxa will yield additional genetic variability.Key words: peanut, Arachis hypogaea, Arachis spp., RFLP, variation, genetic diversity. }, number={6}, journal={GENOME}, author={Stalker, HT and Dhesi, JS and Kochert, G}, year={1995}, month={Dec}, pages={1201–1212} }
 @article{stalker_phillips_murphy_jones_1994, title={VARIATION OF ISOZYME PATTERNS AMONG ARACHIS SPECIES}, volume={87}, ISSN={["1432-2242"]}, DOI={10.1007/bf00222901}, abstractNote={The genus Arachis contains a large number of species and undescribed taxa with patterns of genetic variation that are little understood. The objectives of this investigation were to estimate genetic diversity among species of Arachis by utilizing electrophoretic techniques and to establish the potential for use of isozymes as markers for germplasm introgression. One-hundred-and-thirteen accessions representing six of the seven sections of the genus were analyzed for isozyme variation of 17 enzymes. Section Rhizomatosae species were not included because they produce very few seeds. Seeds were macerated and the crude extract was used for starch-gel electrophoretic analyses. Although the cultivated species has few polymorphic isozymes, the diploid species are highly variable and two-to-six bands were observed for each isozyme among accessions. Because of the large number of isozyme differences between A. hypogaea and A. batizocoi (the presumed donor of the B genome), this species can no longer be considered as a progenitor of the cultivated peanut. Seed-to-seed polymorphisms within many accessions were also observed which indicate that germplasm should be maintained as bulk seed lots, representative of many individuals, or as lines from individual plants from original field collections. The area of greatest interspecific genetic diversity was in Mato Grosso, Brazil; however, the probability of finding unique alleles from those observed in A. hypogaea was greatest in north, north-central, south and southeast Brazil. The large number of polymorphic loci should be useful as genetic markers for interspecific hybridization studies.}, number={6}, journal={THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS}, author={STALKER, HT and PHILLIPS, TD and MURPHY, JP and JONES, TM}, year={1994}, month={Jan}, pages={746–755} }
 @article{stalker_beute_1993, title={REGISTRATION OF 4 LEAFSPOT-RESISTANT PEANUT GERMPLASM LINES}, volume={33}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci1993.0011183X003300050064x}, abstractNote={Crop ScienceVolume 33, Issue 5 cropsci1993.0011183X003300050064x p. 1117-1117 Registration of Germplasm Registration of Four Leafspot-Resistant Peanut Germplasm Lines H. T. Stalker, Corresponding Author H. T. Stalker n/a@.dne Dep. of Crop ScienceCorresponding author.Search for more papers by this authorM. K. Beute, M. K. Beute Dep. of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695Search for more papers by this author H. T. Stalker, Corresponding Author H. T. Stalker n/a@.dne Dep. of Crop ScienceCorresponding author.Search for more papers by this authorM. K. Beute, M. K. Beute Dep. of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 September 1993 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1993.0011183X003300050064xCitations: 26AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume33, Issue5September–October 1993Pages 1117-1117 RelatedInformation}, number={5}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={STALKER, HT and BEUTE, MK}, year={1993}, pages={1117–1117} }
 @article{stalker_1991, title={A NEW SPECIES IN SECTION ARACHIS OF PEANUTS WITH A D-GENOME}, volume={78}, ISSN={["0002-9122"]}, DOI={10.2307/2445084}, abstractNote={Arachis glandulifera Stalker is a diploid (2n = 2x = 20) taxon in section Arachis native to eastern Bolivia. Plants of A. glandulifera have longer lateral branches than other taxa of section Arachis, an upright mainstem, prostrate lateral branches, and larger flowers and seeds than other wild species in the section. The pods are greatly reticulated. Glandular trichomes are present on vegetative plant parts and the peg. Intraspecific hybrids among four accessions are fertile and uniformly have ten bivalents in pollen mother cells. Three accessions had nearly identical karyotypes, while a fourth had subtelocentric chromosomes 6 and 9. Hybrids between A. glandulifera and two other diploid species of section Arachis were male-sterile, and chiasmata frequencies ranged between 5.8 and 12.1 per cell. Attempts to hybridize the species with A. hypogaea failed. A new species description and D genomic classification are proposed for A. glandulifera, which is different from previously described A and B genomes of section Arachis.}, number={5}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY}, author={STALKER, HT}, year={1991}, month={May}, pages={630–637} }
 @article{stalker_dhesi_parry_1991, title={AN ANALYSIS OF THE B-GENOME SPECIES ARACHIS-BATIZOCOI (FABACEAE)}, volume={174}, ISSN={["0378-2697"]}, DOI={10.1007/BF00940337}, number={3-4}, journal={PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION}, author={STALKER, HT and DHESI, JS and PARRY, DC}, year={1991}, pages={159–169} }
 @article{stalker_dhesi_parry_hahn_1991, title={CYTOLOGICAL AND INTERFERTILITY RELATIONSHIPS OF ARACHIS SECTION ARACHIS}, volume={78}, ISSN={["1537-2197"]}, DOI={10.2307/2445247}, abstractNote={Twenty-nine recently introduced diploid (2n = 2x = 20) accessions of section Arachis plus an A. correntina (Burk) Krap. et Greg. nom. nud. control were hybridized to the diploid A-genome species A. duranensis Krap. et Greg. nom. nud. (ace. 7988), the diploid B-genome species A. batizocoi Krap. et Greg. (acc. 9484), and with two subspecies of the A-B genome (2n = 4x = 40) A. hypogaea cultivars NC 4 and Argentine. Most attempted crosses were successful and the resulting plants were vigorous. However, A. batizocoi × accession 30008 hybrids died as seedlings and A. batizocoi × accession 30017 produced only dwarf plants. The 710 diploid F1s from A. batizocoi were generally sterile, while those from A. duranensis had fertility ranges from 5% to 84%. Meiotic chromosome relationships in diploid crosses were cytologically evaluated in 185 plants plus tester accessions. Most taxa in section Arachis have an A genome, only A. batizocoi accessions have a B genome, a D genome is represented by accessions 30091 and 30099, and two other genomic groups, represented by accessions 30011 and 30033, may be present in the section. Most cytological differentiation was found among species originally collected in southern and eastern Bolivia. On the other hand, species collected at the extremes of the distribution of section Arachis species (northern Argentina to north-central Brazil) were cytologically very similar. Evidence is presented for speciation in Arachis being associated with both genetic differentiation and with translocated chromosomes. All taxa in the section except the D-genome species are believed to be cross-compatible with A. hypogaea, so germplasm introgression from most Arachis species should be possible.}, number={2}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY}, author={STALKER, HT and DHESI, JS and PARRY, DC and HAHN, JH}, year={1991}, month={Feb}, pages={238–246} }
 @article{stalker_1991, title={Plant breeding in the 1990s: A summary}, volume={3}, number={3}, journal={AgBioTech News and Information}, author={Stalker, H. T.}, year={1991}, pages={425} }
 @article{stalker_1990, title={A morphological appraisal of wild species in section Arachis of peanuts}, volume={17}, DOI={10.3146/i0095-3679-17-2-17}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={Peanut Science}, author={Stalker, H. T.}, year={1990}, pages={117} }
 @article{stalker_young_jones_1989, title={A survey of the fatty acids of peanut species}, volume={44}, number={8-9}, journal={Oleagineux (Paris)}, author={Stalker, H. T. and Young, C. T. and Jones, T. M.}, year={1989}, pages={419} }
 @article{stalker_campbell_wynne_1984, title={EVALUATION OF CULTIVATED AND WILD PEANUT SPECIES FOR RESISTANCE TO THE LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE)}, volume={77}, ISSN={["0022-0493"]}, DOI={10.1093/jee/77.1.53}, abstractNote={Collections of cultivated peanuts, Arachis hypogaea L., and wild Arachis species were screened for resistance to the lesser cornstalk borer, Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller), in naturally infested field plots for 6 years. Plants were scored at harvest time for the number of borer-damaged pegs and pods. Of 120 cultivated lines initially evaluated, 30 selections were tested for each of 5 additional years. As compared with the moderate level of resistance found in the cultivar ‘Florigiant,’ 28 of the selected lines had equal ( P = 0.05) or significantly higher levels of resistance (P ≥ 0.05). A moderately high level of resistance to E. lignosellus in field tests was observed with two ‘Valencia’-type peanuts (subsp. fastigiata var. fastigiata) , PI 269116 and PI 275744 and one ‘Spanish’-type peanut (subsp. fastigiata var. vulgaris ), PI 262000. The levels of resistance among the 27 wild Arachis species collections tested are not sufficiently high to justify a breeding program for germplasm introgression from wild to cultivated peanuts.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY}, author={STALKER, HT and CAMPBELL, WV and WYNNE, JC}, year={1984}, pages={53–57} }