@article{hancock_tallury_isleib_chu_ozias-akins_stalker_2019, title={Introgression Analysis and Morphological Characterization of an Arachis hypogaea x A. diogoi Interspecific Hybrid Derived Population}, volume={59}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2018.07.0461}, abstractNote={Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an economically important crop grown around the world. Compared with the entire Arachis genus, cultivated peanut germplasm has low levels of genetic diversity for several economically important traits, resulting in the need for alternative sources of favorable alleles. Wild diploid species of Arachis are a source of such alleles to improve cultivated peanut for many economically important traits. An A. hypogaea × A. diogoi Hoehne introgression population was produced via the triploid–hexaploid method; the fourth generation after tetraploidy was used to initiate this study. The introgression lines were genotyped using a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker array to estimate the percentage of A. diogoi chromatin introgression. Morphologically, the introgression lines varied for an array of measured traits, with the majority being intermediate to the two parents. The average amount of A. diogoi genome introgressed was 8.12% across the tetraploid genome and ranged from 3.00 to 18.14% on individual chromosomes. The average A. diogoi introgression across all lines was 7.70% and ranged from 0.17 to 51.12%. Principal component analysis of morphological data and SNP markers revealed similarities and groupings of introgression lines. This introgression population demonstrates the potential of using wild diploid Arachis species for peanut improvement and has great potential for use in cultivated peanut breeding programs. W.G. Hancock, T.G. Isleib, and H.T. Stalker, Dep. of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695; S.P. Tallury, Plant Germplasm Resources Conservation Unit, USDA-ARS, Griffin, GA 30223; Y. Chu and P. Ozias-Akins, Dep. of Horticulture, Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, Univ. of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793. Received 24 July 2018. Accepted 18 Nov. 2018. *Corresponding author (tom_stalker@ncsu.edu). Assigned to Associate Editor Hussein Abdel-Haleem. Abbreviations: LD, linkage disequilibrium; NCDA&CS, North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services; RFLP, restriction fragment length polymorphism; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism. Published in Crop Sci. 59:640–649 (2019). doi: 10.2135/cropsci2018.07.0461 © Crop Science Society of America | 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Published February 14, 2019}, number={2}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Hancock, Wesley G. and Tallury, Shyam P. and Isleib, Thomas G. and Chu, Ye and Ozias-Akins, Peggy and Stalker, H. Thomas}, year={2019}, pages={640–649} }
 @misc{stalker_2017, title={Utilizing Wild Species for Peanut Improvement}, volume={57}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2016.09.0824}, abstractNote={The cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is 
an allotetraploid species with a very large and 
complex genome. This species is susceptible 
to numerous foliar and soil-borne diseases for 
which only moderate levels of resistance have 
been identified in the germplasm collection, 
but several of the 81 wild species are extremely 
resistant to many destructive peanut diseases. 
Peanut species were grouped into nine sections, 
but only taxa in section Arachis will hybridize 
with A. hypogaea. Most of these species are 
diploid, but two aneuploids and two tetraploids 
also exist in the section. The first peanut cultivars 
released after interspecific hybridization were 
‘Spancross’ and ‘Tamnut 74’ during the 1970s 
from a cross between A. hypogaea and its 
tetraploid progenitor. However, introgression 
of useful genes from diploids has been difficult 
due to sterility barriers resulting from genomic 
and ploidy differences. To utilize diploids in 
section Arachis, direct hybrids have been made 
between A. hypogaea and diploid species, the 
chromosome number doubled to the hexaploid 
level, and then tetraploids recovered with 
resistances to nematodes, leaf spots, rust, 
and numerous insect pests. ‘Bailey’, a widely 
grown Virginia-type peanut, was released from 
these materials, and other cultivars are gown in 
Asia and South America. Alternatively, hybrids 
between diploid A and B genome species have 
been made, the chromosome number doubled, 
and cultivars released with nematode resistance 
derived from Arachis species. Introgression 
from Arachis species to A. hypogaea appears 
to be in large blocks rather than as single genes, 
and new genotyping strategies should enhance 
utilization of wild peanut genetic resources.}, number={3}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Stalker, H. Thomas}, year={2017}, pages={1102–1120} }
 @article{bertioli_cannon_froenicke_huang_farmer_cannon_liu_gao_clevenger_dash_et al._2016, title={The genome sequences of Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaensis, the diploid ancestors of cultivated peanut}, volume={48}, ISSN={["1546-1718"]}, DOI={10.1038/ng.3517}, abstractNote={Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is an allotetraploid with closely related subgenomes of a total size of ∼2.7 Gb. This makes the assembly of chromosomal pseudomolecules very challenging. As a foundation to understanding the genome of cultivated peanut, we report the genome sequences of its diploid ancestors (Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaensis). We show that these genomes are similar to cultivated peanut's A and B subgenomes and use them to identify candidate disease resistance genes, to guide tetraploid transcript assemblies and to detect genetic exchange between cultivated peanut's subgenomes. On the basis of remarkably high DNA identity of the A. ipaensis genome and the B subgenome of cultivated peanut and biogeographic evidence, we conclude that A. ipaensis may be a direct descendant of the same population that contributed the B subgenome to cultivated peanut.}, number={4}, journal={NATURE GENETICS}, author={Bertioli, David John and Cannon, Steven B. and Froenicke, Lutz and Huang, Guodong and Farmer, Andrew D. and Cannon, Ethalinda K. S. and Liu, Xin and Gao, Dongying and Clevenger, Josh and Dash, Sudhansu and et al.}, year={2016}, month={Apr}, pages={438-+} }
 @article{tallury_isleib_copeland_rosas-anderson_balota_singh_stalker_2014, title={Registration of Two Multiple Disease-Resistant Peanut Germplasm Lines Derived from Arachis cardenasii Krapov. & WC Gregory, GKP 10017}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1940-3496"]}, DOI={10.3198/jpr2013.04.0017crg}, abstractNote={Two tetraploid (2n = 4x = 40) peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) germplasm lines, GP-NC WS 16 (SPT 06-06) (Reg. No. GP-235, PI 669445) and GP-NC WS 17 (SPT 06-07) (Reg. No. GP-236, PI 669446), derived from interspecific hybridization, were developed in the peanut genetics program at North Carolina State University (NCSU), Raleigh, NC. These two lines were tested extensively by the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service from 2006 through 2012 in disease evaluation tests. They have unique alleles introgressed from the diploid (2n = 2x = 20) wild species, A. cardenasii Krapov. & W.C. Gregory. The germplasm lines are also unique in that they exhibited multiple disease resistances superior to the germplasm lines derived from A. cardenasii that were released previously by NCSU. Resistance to multiple diseases included early leaf spot (ELS), Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR), Sclerotinia blight (SB), and tomato spotted wilt (TSW). One of the lines, GP-NC WS 17, also exhibited drought tolerance in field and greenhouse studies. Thus, it can be concluded that these two peanut germplasm lines derived from diploid wild species have multiple biotic stress resistances, specifically for ELS, CBR, SB, and TSWV, as well as abiotic stress resistance in the case of GP-NC WS 17. These two lines should provide unique, improved germplasm for breeders interested in multiple disease resistance and in expanding the germplasm pool of A. hypogaea.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS}, author={Tallury, S. P. and Isleib, T. G. and Copeland, S. C. and Rosas-Anderson, P. and Balota, M. and Singh, D. and Stalker, H. T.}, year={2014}, month={Jan}, pages={86–89} }
 @article{nagy_guo_tang_bowers_okashah_taylor_zhang_khanal_heesacker_khalilian_et al._2012, title={A high-density genetic map of Arachis duranensis, a diploid ancestor of cultivated peanut}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1471-2164"]}, DOI={10.1186/1471-2164-13-469}, abstractNote={Abstract Background Cultivated peanut ( Arachis hypogaea ) is an allotetraploid species whose ancestral genomes are most likely derived from the A-genome species, A. duranensis , and the B-genome species, A. ipaensis . The very recent (several millennia) evolutionary origin of A. hypogaea has imposed a bottleneck for allelic and phenotypic diversity within the cultigen. However, wild diploid relatives are a rich source of alleles that could be used for crop improvement and their simpler genomes can be more easily analyzed while providing insight into the structure of the allotetraploid peanut genome. The objective of this research was to establish a high-density genetic map of the diploid species A. duranensis based on de novo generated EST databases. Arachis duranensis was chosen for mapping because it is the A-genome progenitor of cultivated peanut and also in order to circumvent the confounding effects of gene duplication associated with allopolyploidy in A. hypogaea . Results More than one million expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences generated from normalized cDNA libraries of A. duranensis were assembled into 81,116 unique transcripts. Mining this dataset, 1236 EST-SNP markers were developed between two A. duranensis accessions, PI 475887 and Grif 15036. An additional 300 SNP markers also were developed from genomic sequences representing conserved legume orthologs. Of the 1536 SNP markers, 1054 were placed on a genetic map. In addition, 598 EST-SSR markers identified in A. hypogaea assemblies were included in the map along with 37 disease resistance gene candidate (RGC) and 35 other previously published markers. In total, 1724 markers spanning 1081.3 cM over 10 linkage groups were mapped. Gene sequences that provided mapped markers were annotated using similarity searches in three different databases, and gene ontology descriptions were determined using the Medicago Gene Atlas and TAIR databases. Synteny analysis between A. duranensis, Medicago and Glycine revealed significant stretches of conserved gene clusters spread across the peanut genome. A higher level of colinearity was detected between A. duranensis and Glycine than with Medicago . Conclusions The first high-density, gene-based linkage map for A. duranensis was generated that can serve as a reference map for both wild and cultivated Arachis species. The markers developed here are valuable resources for the peanut, and more broadly, to the legume research community. The A-genome map will have utility for fine mapping in other peanut species and has already had application for mapping a nematode resistance gene that was introgressed into A . hypogaea from A . cardenasii .}, journal={BMC GENOMICS}, author={Nagy, Ervin D. and Guo, Yufang and Tang, Shunxue and Bowers, John E. and Okashah, Rebecca A. and Taylor, Christopher A. and Zhang, Dong and Khanal, Sameer and Heesacker, Adam F. and Khalilian, Nelly and et al.}, year={2012}, month={Sep} }
 @article{guo_khanal_tang_bowers_heesacker_khalilian_nagy_zhang_taylor_stalker_et al._2012, title={Comparative mapping in intraspecific populations uncovers a high degree of macrosynteny between A- and B-genome diploid species of peanut}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1471-2164"]}, DOI={10.1186/1471-2164-13-608}, abstractNote={Cultivated peanut or groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oilseed crop with an allotetraploid genome (AABB, 2n = 4x = 40). Both the low level of genetic variation within the cultivated gene pool and its polyploid nature limit the utilization of molecular markers to explore genome structure and facilitate genetic improvement. Nevertheless, a wealth of genetic diversity exists in diploid Arachis species (2n = 2x = 20), which represent a valuable gene pool for cultivated peanut improvement. Interspecific populations have been used widely for genetic mapping in diploid species of Arachis. However, an intraspecific mapping strategy was essential to detect chromosomal rearrangements among species that could be obscured by mapping in interspecific populations. To develop intraspecific reference linkage maps and gain insights into karyotypic evolution within the genus, we comparatively mapped the A- and B-genome diploid species using intraspecific F2 populations. Exploring genome organization among diploid peanut species by comparative mapping will enhance our understanding of the cultivated tetraploid peanut genome. Moreover, new sources of molecular markers that are highly transferable between species and developed from expressed genes will be required to construct saturated genetic maps for peanut.A total of 2,138 EST-SSR (expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat) markers were developed by mining a tetraploid peanut EST assembly including 101,132 unigenes (37,916 contigs and 63,216 singletons) derived from 70,771 long-read (Sanger) and 270,957 short-read (454) sequences. A set of 97 SSR markers were also developed by mining 9,517 genomic survey sequences of Arachis. An SSR-based intraspecific linkage map was constructed using an F2 population derived from a cross between K 9484 (PI 298639) and GKBSPSc 30081 (PI 468327) in the B-genome species A. batizocoi. A high degree of macrosynteny was observed when comparing the homoeologous linkage groups between A (A. duranensis) and B (A. batizocoi) genomes. Comparison of the A- and B-genome genetic linkage maps also showed a total of five inversions and one major reciprocal translocation between two pairs of chromosomes under our current mapping resolution.Our findings will contribute to understanding tetraploid peanut genome origin and evolution and eventually promote its genetic improvement. The newly developed EST-SSR markers will enrich current molecular marker resources in peanut.}, journal={BMC GENOMICS}, author={Guo, Yufang and Khanal, Sameer and Tang, Shunxue and Bowers, John E. and Heesacker, Adam F. and Khalilian, Nelly and Nagy, Ervin D. and Zhang, Dong and Taylor, Christopher A. and Stalker, H. Thomas and et al.}, year={2012}, month={Nov} }
 @article{calbrix_beilinson_stalker_nielsen_2012, title={Diversity of Seed Storage Proteins of Arachis hypogaea and Related Species}, volume={52}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2011.08.0430}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT The diversity of seed storage proteins of cultivated peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) was studied by analyzing nucleotide sequences encoding 2S, 7S, and 11S seed storage proteins. Alignments of sequences were performed using ClustalX, and similarity between aligned sequences was established by pairwise comparison using AlignX. Three homology groups of 2S proteins were identified, which were further divided into three, three, and two subgroups. Similarly, three homology groups of 7S proteins contained two, two, and one subgroups; and five homology groups of 11S proteins contained five, five, five, three, and two subgroups. Primer pairs were identified that allowed each member of the respective homology group to be selectively amplified by polymerase chain reaction using template complementary DNA or genomic DNA from A. hypogaea. This permitted most subgroup members to be distinguished. Peanut, like other legumes, contains small gene families encoding each type of seed storage protein. However, the diversity among these was greater than in other legume species, which reflects the allotetraploid nature of A. hypogaea . Polymerase chain reaction amplifications from diploid species were used to deduce which protein subgroup originated from the A genome and which were from the B genome. Of the 26 diploid peanut species studied, only A. duranensis Krapov. and W.C. Greg. (A genome) and A. ipaensis Krapov. and W.C. Greg. (B genome) contained the correct complement of seed storage protein coding regions. This is consistent with the hypothesis that the center of origin of the allotetraploid was southern Bolivia.}, number={4}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Calbrix, Raphael G. and Beilinson, Vadim and Stalker, H. Thomas and Nielsen, Niels C.}, year={2012}, month={Jul}, pages={1676–1688} }
 @article{wang_sukumaran_barkley_chen_chen_guo_pittman_stalker_holbrook_pederson_et al._2011, title={Population structure and marker-trait association analysis of the US peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) mini-core collection}, volume={123}, ISSN={["1432-2242"]}, DOI={10.1007/s00122-011-1668-7}, number={8}, journal={THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS}, author={Wang, Ming Li and Sukumaran, Sivakumar and Barkley, Noelle A. and Chen, Zhenbang and Chen, Charles Y. and Guo, Baozhu and Pittman, Roy N. and Stalker, H. Thomas and Holbrook, C. Corley and Pederson, Gary A. and et al.}, year={2011}, month={Dec}, pages={1307–1317} }
 @article{wang_chen_davis_guo_stalker_pittman_2010, title={Assessment of oil content and fatty acid composition variability in different peanut subspecies and botanical varieties}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1479-263X"]}, DOI={10.1017/s1479262109990177}, abstractNote={Within the cultivated peanut species (Arachis hypogaea L.), there are two subspecies comprising six botanical varieties, and the effect of botanical taxon on oil content and fatty acid composition variability is unclear. To gauge the variability, 83 peanut accessions were analyzed for oil content (expressed at 0% moisture) and fatty acid composition. We found that within the subsp. hypogaea, var. hypogaea contained a much higher amount of oil in seeds than did the var. hirsuta Köhler (520 vs. 473 g/kg, P < 0.05); within the subsp. fastigiata Waldron, the vars. aequatoriana Krapov. & W.C. Gregory and vulgaris Harz contained a similar amount of oil in seeds (491 g/kg), not significantly different from other botanical varieties, but var. fastigiata contained a higher amount of oil (500 g/kg) than the var. peruviana Krapov. & W.C. Gregory (483 g/kg). In terms of the fatty acid composition, oil from seeds of var. hypogaea contained much more oleic acid than did var. hirsuta (491 vs. 377 g/kg, P < 0.05), but much less palmitic acid (97 vs. 138 g/kg, P < 0.05%) and linoleic acid (308 vs. 402 g/kg, P < 0.05). Oil from seeds of var. vulgaris contained much more oleic acid than did var. aequatoriana (437 vs. 402 g/kg, P < 0.05), but much less linoleic acid (346 vs. 380 g/kg, P < 0.05). Significant negative correlations of oleic with palmitic and linoleic acids were detected. The information on the oil content and fatty acid composition variability among botanical varieties would be useful for peanut breeders seeking germplasm containing both high oil content and proper fatty acid composition.}, number={1}, journal={PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES-CHARACTERIZATION AND UTILIZATION}, author={Wang, M. L. and Chen, C. Y. and Davis, J. and Guo, B. and Stalker, H. T. and Pittman, R. N.}, year={2010}, month={Apr}, pages={71–73} }
 @article{wang_barkley_chinnan_stalker_pittman_2010, title={Oil content and fatty acid composition variability in wild peanut species}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1479-263X"]}, DOI={10.1017/s1479262110000274}, abstractNote={Wild peanut species are useful genetic resources for improving the levels of disease/pest resistance and for enhancing the quality of seed composition by interspecific hybridization. The variation in oil content and fatty acid composition of wild peanut species in the United States Department of Agriculture germplasm collection is unknown. Seeds available from 39 wild species (plus a cultivated peanut) were requested from the U.S. peanut germplasm collection. Oil content was measured using nuclear magnetic resonance, fatty acid composition was analysed using gas chromatography, and the D150N functional mutation of the FAD2A gene was screened by real-time PCR. Significant variability in oil content (41.7–61.3%) was identified among the wild peanut species. Arachis magna contained significantly more oil (61%) than cultivated peanut (56%). There was no functional mutation identified within the FAD2A gene target, and no wild species were identified with a high ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid. The results from gas chromatography and real-time PCR analyses were consistent. However, Arachis sylvestris contained a significantly higher amount (22%) of long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) than the cultivated peanut (4%). Thus, A. magna and A. sylvestris may be good breeding materials to use for increasing oil content or LCFA composition of cultivated peanuts in breeding programs.}, number={3}, journal={PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES-CHARACTERIZATION AND UTILIZATION}, author={Wang, M. L. and Barkley, N. A. and Chinnan, M. and Stalker, H. T. and Pittman, R. N.}, year={2010}, month={Dec}, pages={232–234} }
 @article{nagy_chu_guo_khanal_tang_li_dong_timper_taylor_ozias-akins_et al._2010, title={Recombination is suppressed in an alien introgression in peanut harboring Rma, a dominant root-knot nematode resistance gene}, volume={26}, ISSN={["1572-9788"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11032-010-9430-4}, number={2}, journal={MOLECULAR BREEDING}, author={Nagy, Ervin D. and Chu, Ye and Guo, Yufang and Khanal, Sameer and Tang, Shunxue and Li, Yan and Dong, Weibo B. and Timper, Patricia and Taylor, Christopher and Ozias-Akins, Peggy and et al.}, year={2010}, month={Aug}, pages={357–370} }
 @article{friend_quandt_tallury_stalker_hilu_2010, title={Species, genomes, and section relationships in the genus Arachis (Fabaceae): a molecular phylogeny}, volume={290}, ISSN={["1615-6110"]}, DOI={10.1007/s00606-010-0360-8}, number={1-4}, journal={PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION}, author={Friend, S. A. and Quandt, D. and Tallury, S. P. and Stalker, H. T. and Hilu, K. W.}, year={2010}, month={Dec}, pages={185–199} }
 @article{garcia_tallury_stalker_kochert_2006, title={Molecular analysis of Arachis interspecific hybrids}, volume={112}, ISSN={["1432-2242"]}, DOI={10.1007/s00122-006-0236-z}, number={7}, journal={THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS}, author={Garcia, GM and Tallury, SP and Stalker, HT and Kochert, G}, year={2006}, month={May}, pages={1342–1348} }
 @article{isleib_rice_mozingo_copeland_graeber_shew_smith_melouk_stalker_2006, title={Registration of N96076L peanut germplasm line}, volume={46}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2005.12.0479}, abstractNote={N96076L (Reg. no. GP-125, PI 641950) is a large-seeded virginia-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) germplasm line with resistance to multiple diseases including early leafspot (caused by Cercospora arachidicola S. Hori), Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR) {caused by Cylindrocladium parasiticum Crous, Wingfield & Alfenas [syn. C. crotalariae (Loos)D.K.Bell&Sobers]}, Sclerotiniablight (caused by Sclerotinia minor Jagger), and tomato spotted wilt caused by Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). N96076Lwas released by the NorthCarolinaAgriculturalResearchService (NCARS) in 2005. N96076Lwas tested by theNCARS, by the VirginiaAgricultural Experiment Station (VAES), and the USDA-ARSWheat, Peanut and Other Field Crops Research Unit at Stillwater, OK. N96076L is a virginia market-type line possessing alternate branching pattern, runner growth habit, medium green foliage, large seeds with dull tan testa averaging 880 mg seed, approximately 70% jumbo pods and 22% fancy pods. N96076L is an F4–derived line selected from cross X91053 made in 1991 using NCSU breeding line N90004 as the female and leafspotresistant germplasm line GP NCWS 13 (Stalker et al., 2002) as the male. N90004 was an F5–derived line selected from NCSU cross X84002 between ‘NC 7’ (Wynne et al., 1979) and ‘Florigiant’ (Carver, 1969). GP NC WS 13 has complex ancestry. One quarter of its ancestry comes from GP NC WS 4 (Stalker and Beute, 1993), a tetraploid (2n 5 4x 5 40) selection from a cross between PI 261942 (A. hypogaea subsp. fastigiataWaldron var. fastigiata) and leafspot-resistant diploid (2n5 2x5 20) wild species A. cardenasii Krapov. & W.C. Gregory GKP 10017 (PI 262141). One quarter of GP NC WS 13’s ancestry comes from leafspot-resistantA. hypogaea PI 270807, and one half from the cultivar ‘NC 5’ (Emery andGregory, 1970), which has moderate resistance to early leafspot. F1 plants of cross X91053 were grown at a winter nursery in Puerto Rico, single-seed descent was practiced in the F2 and F3 generations, and single-plant selections were made in the F4 generation. F4:5 families were planted at Peanut Belt Research Station (PBRS) at Lewiston in Bertie County, NC, in a field receiving no fungicide treatment to control leafspot in the summer of 1995. Families exhibiting reduced levels of defoliation were harvested in bulk and retained for evaluation in the Leafspot Test, a two-rep test of defoliation, yield, and grade grown without leafspot control at PBRS in 1996. Family X91053 F2-S-S-08: F05 was numbered N96076L when entered in the 1996 Leafspot Test. Although N96076L was developed for resistance to early leafspot, it also was evaluated for resistance to other diseases common to theVirginia–Carolina region.N96076L’s reaction to early leafspot was evaluated from 1996 through 2004 in 12 field trials with no application of leafspot fungicide during the entire season. Defoliation was rated on a proportional scale of 1 (no defoliation) to 9 (complete defoliation) in late September or early October each year, and yield was measured on the unsprayed plots. Although N96076L had more defoliation than resistant checkGP-NC343(Campbell etal., 1971) (5.5vs.4.3,P, 0.01), it had less than either ‘NC 12C’ (Isleib et al., 1997) (5.7 vs. 6.2 defoliation score,P, 0.01) or ‘Perry’ (Isleib et al., 2003) (5.8 vs. 6.6defoliation score,P,0.01), the twomost resistantvirginiatype cultivars. N96076L did not differ significantly from any of these three checks for yield in the absence of leafspot control. N96076L’s reactions to Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR) and to Sclerotinia blight were evaluated by the NCSU breeding project from 1997 through 2004 in eight replicated tests conducted in North Carolina on naturally infested soils with no chemical control of these diseases. N96076L was not significantly different from the resistant cultivar Perry in incidence of CBR (8 vs. 10%, ns), but it did have lower CBR incidence than NC 12C (9 vs. 21%, P , 0.01) and ‘Gregory’ (Isleib et al., 1999) (8 vs. 17%, P, 0.01). N96076L was not different from the partially resistant cultivar Perry in incidence of Sclerotinia blight (7 vs. 21%, ns), but it did have lower incidence than NC 12C (6 vs. 28%, P , 0.01) and Gregory (7 vs. 30%, P, 0.01). Yield, grade and Sclerotinia blight incidence in N96076L were evaluated by USDA-ARS personnel at Stillwater, OK, in a two-rep trial conducted in infested soil at Fort Cobb, OK, during 1998. Disease incidence in N96076L was less than in any of the lines tested except ‘Tamrun 98’ (Simpson et al., 2000) (16 vs. 30%, ns), but there was no variation in yield among the lines tested. Physiological resistance to S. minor was documented in detached plant part inoculations under controlled laboratory conditions (Smith, 2004, p. 72–93). Lesion development measured by the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was significantly smaller for all parts with the exception of mainstems when compared to NC 12C and NC 7 (P , 0.0001). In the field, resistance most likely due to avoidance was also documented. Fewer infections were detected on lateral branches of N96076L plants when compared with NC 12C (13 vs. 46%, P , 0.01), Perry, (13 vs. 44%, P , 0.01), and ‘VA 98R’ (Mozingo et al., 2000) (13 vs. 23%, P , 0.01). N96076L’s reaction to TSWV was evaluated from 1997 through 2004 in 18 field trials with seeds spaced 50 cm apart and no application of insecticides to control thrips (Frankliniella fusca Hinds), the vector of the virus. N96076L had lower incidence of TSWV symptoms than NC 12C (22 vs. 45%,P, 0.01), Gregory (26 vs. 33%,P, 0.01), and Perry (25 vs. 52%,P, 0.01) and was not different from resistant check PI 576636 (21 vs. 16%, ns). N96076L should be considered resistant to all four of these diseases. Agronomic performance of N96076L was evaluated in 13 trials conducted by the NCARS breeding program over 1996 to 2004. Although yield of N96076L was not significantly different from that of NC 12C (3774 vs. 4050 kg ha, ns), Gregory (3703 vs. 3960 kg ha, ns) or Perry (3702 vs. 3709 kg ha, ns), its average pod brightness (42.7 Hunter L score) (Isleib et al., 1997) was less (44.6 for NC 12C, P, 0.01; 44.3 for Gregory, P, 0.01; and 44.4 for Perry, P, 0.01), making N96076L unsuitable for use as a cultivar for the in-shell market. N96076L is adapted to the Virginia-Carolina peanut production area. Seed of N96076L will be maintained by the N.C. Agricultural Research Service, Box 7643, N.C. State University, Raleigh, NC 27695–7643. Foundation seed will be distributed by the N.C. Foundation Seed Producers, Inc., 8220 Riley Hill Rd., Zebulon, NC 27597. The N.C. Agricultural Research Service will provide small (50–100 seed) samples to research organizations for research purposes.}, number={5}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Isleib, T. G. and Rice, P. W. and Mozingo, R. W., II and Copeland, S. C. and Graeber, J. B. and Shew, B. B. and Smith, D. L. and Melouk, H. A. and Stalker, H. T.}, year={2006}, pages={2329–2330} }
 @article{ferguson_jarvis_stalker_williams_guarino_valls_pittman_simpson_bramel_2005, title={Biogeography of wild Arachis (Leguminosae): distribution and environmental characterisation}, volume={14}, ISSN={["1572-9710"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10531-004-0699-7}, abstractNote={Geographic Information System (GIS) tools are applied to a comprehensive database of 3514 records of wild Arachis species to assist in the conservation and utilisation of the species by: (a) determining the distributional range of species and their abundance; (b) characterising species environments; (c) determining the geographical distribution of species richness; and (d) determining the extent to which species are associated with river basins. Distributional ranges, climatic variables and indices of endemism for each species are tabulated. A. duranensis Krapov. & W.C. Gregory, the most probable donor of the A genome to the cultivated peanut, is distributed in close proximity to both the proposed donor of the B genome, A. ipaënsis, and the closest wild relative of the cultigen, A. monticola Krapov. & Rigoni. This region in the eastern foothills of the Andes and the adjoining chaco regions of Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay, is a key area for further exploration for wild Arachis. An area of particularly high species richness occurs in the State of Mato Grosso, close to the Gran Pantanal in southwest Brazil. Seventy-one percent of the species were found to have some degree of association with water catchment areas, although in most cases it was difficult to determine whether this was due to climatic adaptation reasons, restricted dispersal due to geocarpic habit, or the role of watercourses as a principal dispersal agent. In only two cases could climatic adaptation be eliminated as the reason for species distribution.}, number={7}, journal={BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION}, author={Ferguson, ME and Jarvis, A and Stalker, HT and Williams, DE and Guarino, L and Valls, JFM and Pittman, RN and Simpson, CE and Bramel, PJ}, year={2005}, month={Jun}, pages={1777–1798} }
 @article{tallury_hilu_milla_friend_alsaghir_stalker_quandt_2005, title={Genomic affinities in Arachis section Arachis (Fabaceae): molecular and cytogenetic evidence}, volume={111}, ISSN={["1432-2242"]}, DOI={10.1007/s00122-005-0017-0}, number={7}, journal={THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Tallury, SP and Hilu, KW and Milla, SR and Friend, SA and Alsaghir, M and Stalker, HT and Quandt, D}, year={2005}, month={Nov}, pages={1229–1237} }
 @article{gepts_beavis_brummer_shoemaker_stalker_weeden_young_2005, title={Legumes as a model plant family. Genomics for food and feed report of the cross-legume advances through genomics conference}, volume={137}, ISSN={["1532-2548"]}, DOI={10.1104/pp.105.060871}, abstractNote={On December 14 to 15, 2004, some 50 legume researchers and funding agency representatives (the latter as observers) met in Santa Fe, New Mexico, to develop a plan for cross-legume genomics research. This conference was one of the outcomes of the Legume Crops Genome Initiative (LCGI), an organization}, number={4}, journal={PLANT PHYSIOLOGY}, author={Gepts, P and Beavis, WD and Brummer, EC and Shoemaker, RC and Stalker, HT and Weeden, NF and Young, ND}, year={2005}, month={Apr}, pages={1228–1235} }
 @article{garcia_stalker_schroeder_lyerly_kochert_2005, title={RAPD-based linkage map of peanut based on a backcross population between the two diploid species Arachis stenosperma and A. Cardenasii}, volume={32}, DOI={10.3146/0095-3679(2005)32[1:arlmop]2.0.co;2}, abstractNote={Abstract A molecular linkage map based on an interspecific diploid backcross population [Arachis stenosperma × (A. stenosperma × A. cardenasii)] was constructed utilizing RAPD and RFLP markers. One hundred sixty-seven RAPD loci and 39 RFLPs were mapped to 11 linkage groups, covering a total genetic length of 800 cM. Clusters of 2 to18 markers were observed in most linkage groups. Twenty seven percent of the markers showed segregation distortion and mapped to four regions. Thirty-nine RFLP markers shared with a previously published linkage map, based on an A. stenosperma × A. cardenasii F2 population, and six RAPD markers were used to establish correspondence between maps and to compare recombination frequencies between common markers. A generalized reduction in the recombination fraction was observed in the backcross map compared to the F2 map. All common markers mapped to the same linkage groups and mostly in the same order in both maps.}, number={1}, journal={Peanut Science}, author={Garcia, G. M. and Stalker, H. T. and Schroeder, E. and Lyerly, J. H. and Kochert, G.}, year={2005}, pages={1–8} }
 @article{milla_isleib_stalker_2005, title={Taxonomic relationships among Arachis sect. Arachis species as revealed by AFLP markers}, volume={48}, ISSN={["1480-3321"]}, DOI={10.1139/g04-089}, abstractNote={Cultivated peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., is a tetraploid (2n = 4x = 40) species thought to be of allopolyploid origin. Its closest relatives are the diploid (2n = 2x = 20) annual and perennial species included with it in Arachis sect. Arachis. Species in section Arachis represent an important source of novel alleles for improvement of cultivated peanut. A better understanding of the level of speciation and taxonomic relationships between taxa within section Arachis is a prerequisite to the effective use of this secondary gene pool in peanut breeding programs. The AFLP technique was used to determine intra- and interspecific relationships among and within 108 accessions of 26 species of this section. A total of 1328 fragments were generated with 8 primer combinations. From those, 239 bands ranging in size from 65 to 760 bp were scored as binary data. Genetic distances among accessions ranged from 0 to 0.50. Average distances among diploid species (0.30) were much higher than that detected between tetraploid species (0.05). Cluster analysis using different methods and principal component analysis were performed. The resulting grouping of accessions and species supports previous taxonomic classifications and genome designations. Based on genetic distances and cluster analysis, A-genome accessions KG 30029 (Arachis helodes) and KSSc 36009 (Arachis simpsonii) and B-genome accession KGBSPSc 30076 (A. ipaensis) were the most closely related to both Arachis hypogaea and Arachis monticola. This finding suggests their involvement in the evolution of the tetraploid peanut species.}, number={1}, journal={Genome}, publisher={Canadian Science Publishing}, author={Milla, S.R. and Isleib, T.G. and Stalker, H.T.}, year={2005}, pages={1–11} }
 @article{jarvis_ferguson_williams_guarino_jones_stalker_valls_pittman_simpson_bramel_2003, title={Biogeography of wild Arachis: Assessing conservation status and setting future priorities}, volume={43}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2003.1100}, abstractNote={plant species are threatened globally, equivalent to some 12.5% of the estimated world flora. Other estimates The conservation status of wild Arachis spp. is not well charactersuggest that 25 to 35% of plant genetic diversity could ized for its maintenance and possible future exploitation for the improvement of cultivated peanut, Arachis hypogaea L. Our objectives be lost in the next 20 yr. Those taxa that include crop were to use 2175 georeferenced observations of wild peanut (Arachis species and their wild relatives (crop gene pools) are of spp.) to assess the conservation status of the genus and to prioritize particular concern from a conservation perspective. The biologically and geographically future conservation actions. Species economic and social consequences of such an irredeemdistribution predictions were made on the basis of 36 climate variables, able loss of plant diversity, combined with rapid human and these data were synthesized with land-use data to map the poten- population growth, could be potentially disastrous. The tial distribution of each species, and hence the species richness of the conservation of plant diversity, particularly of those spewhole genus, excluding A. hypogea. hotspots of species richness were cies essential for human nutrition and crop improve% %}, number={3}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Jarvis, A and Ferguson, ME and Williams, DE and Guarino, L and Jones, PG and Stalker, HT and Valls, JFM and Pittman, RN and Simpson, CE and Bramel, P}, year={2003}, pages={1100–1108} }
 @article{lyerly_stalker_moyer_hoffman_2002, title={Evaluation of Arachis species for resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus}, volume={29}, DOI={10.3146/pnut.29.2.0001}, abstractNote={Abstract Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is an important plant pathogen with a wide host range, including the domesticated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). After initial outbreaks on peanut during the 1980s, the virus has spread to all peanut-producing states in the U.S. TSWV is transmitted by several species of thrips which are difficult to control with insecticides; therefore, control of TSWV most likely will come from selecting resistant genotypes in breeding programs. Although moderate levels of resistance have been discovered in A. hypogaea, complete virus resistance has not been found. Several Arachis species have desirable genes for plant resistances and tolerate many disease and insect pests better than the cultivated species. The objectives of this study were to (a) evaluate TSWV disease incidence and severity in accessions of Arachis species, and (b) compare levels of TSWV resistance in diploid species to selected A. hypogaea genotypes. In this study, 46 diploid Arachis spp. accessions were evalua...}, journal={Peanut Science}, author={Lyerly, J. H. and Stalker, H. T. and Moyer, J. W. and Hoffman, K.}, year={2002}, pages={79–84} }
 @article{stalker_beute_shew_isleib_2002, title={Registration of five leaf spot-resistant peanut germplasm lines}, volume={42}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2002.0314}, abstractNote={Crop ScienceVolume 42, Issue 1 p. 314-316 Registration of Germplasm Registration of Five Leaf Spot-Resistant Peanut Germplasm Lines H.T. Stalker, Corresponding Author H.T. Stalker hts@unity.ncsu.edu Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Corresponding author (hts@unity.ncsu.edu)Search for more papers by this authorM.K. Beute, M.K. Beute Dep. of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Search for more papers by this authorB.B. Shew, B.B. Shew Dep. of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Search for more papers by this authorT.G. Isleib, T.G. Isleib Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Search for more papers by this author H.T. Stalker, Corresponding Author H.T. Stalker hts@unity.ncsu.edu Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Corresponding author (hts@unity.ncsu.edu)Search for more papers by this authorM.K. Beute, M.K. Beute Dep. of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Search for more papers by this authorB.B. Shew, B.B. Shew Dep. of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Search for more papers by this authorT.G. Isleib, T.G. Isleib Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 January 2002 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2002.3140Citations: 27 Registration by CSSA. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume42, Issue1January–February 2002Pages 314-316 RelatedInformation}, number={1}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Stalker, HT and Beute, MK and Shew, BB and Isleib, TG}, year={2002}, pages={314–316} }
 @article{stalker_lynch_2002, title={Registration of four insect-resistant peanut germplasm lines}, volume={42}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2002.0313}, abstractNote={Crop ScienceVolume 42, Issue 1 p. 313-314 Registration of Germplasm Registration of Four Insect-Resistant Peanut Germplasm Lines H.T. Stalker, Corresponding Author H.T. Stalker [email protected] Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Corresponding author ([email protected])Search for more papers by this authorR.E. Lynch, R.E. Lynch Insect Biol. and Population Mgmt. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 748, Tifton, GA, 31793-0748Search for more papers by this author H.T. Stalker, Corresponding Author H.T. Stalker [email protected] Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Corresponding author ([email protected])Search for more papers by this authorR.E. Lynch, R.E. Lynch Insect Biol. and Population Mgmt. Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 748, Tifton, GA, 31793-0748Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 January 2002 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2002.3130Citations: 12 Registration by CSSA. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL References Lynch, R.E., and T.P. Mack. 1995. Biological and biotechnical advances for insect management in peanut. p. 95– 159. In H.E. Pattee and H.T. Stalker (ed.) Advances in Peanut Science. Am. Peanut Res. Educ. Soc., Stillwater, OK. Stalker, H.T., Utilizing Arachis cardenasii as a source of Cercospora leafspot resistance for peanut improvement. Euphytica (1984) 33, 529– 538 http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00021154, Stalker, H.T., Resistance of wild species of peanuts to an insect complex. Peanut Sci. (1983) 10, 30– 33 http://doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-10-1-9 Citing Literature Volume42, Issue1January–February 2002Pages 313-314 ReferencesRelatedInformation}, number={1}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Stalker, HT and Lynch, RE}, year={2002}, pages={313–314} }
 @article{stalker_beute_shew_barker_2002, title={Registration of two root-knot nematode-resistant peanut germplasm lines}, volume={42}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2002.312a}, abstractNote={Crop ScienceVolume 42, Issue 1 p. 312-313 Registration of Germplasm Registration of Two Root-Knot Nematode-Resistant Peanut Germplasm Lines H.T. Stalker, Corresponding Author H.T. Stalker hts@unity.ncsu.edu Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Corresponding author (hts@unity.ncsu.edu)Search for more papers by this authorM.K. Beute, M.K. Beute Dep. of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Search for more papers by this authorB.B. Shew, B.B. Shew Dep. of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Search for more papers by this authorK.R. Barker, K.R. Barker Dep. of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Search for more papers by this author H.T. Stalker, Corresponding Author H.T. Stalker hts@unity.ncsu.edu Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Corresponding author (hts@unity.ncsu.edu)Search for more papers by this authorM.K. Beute, M.K. Beute Dep. of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Search for more papers by this authorB.B. Shew, B.B. Shew Dep. of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Search for more papers by this authorK.R. Barker, K.R. Barker Dep. of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695-7629Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 January 2002 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2002.312aCitations: 19 Registration by CSSA. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume42, Issue1January–February 2002Pages 312-313 RelatedInformation}, number={1}, journal={Crop Science}, author={Stalker, H. T. and Beute, M. K. and Shew, B. B. and Barker, K. R.}, year={2002}, pages={312–313} }
 @article{stalker_1997, title={Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L)}, volume={53}, ISSN={["1872-6852"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0378-4290(97)00032-4}, number={1-3}, journal={FIELD CROPS RESEARCH}, author={Stalker, HT}, year={1997}, month={Jul}, pages={205–217} }
 @article{stalker_dhesi_kochert_1995, title={Genetic diversity within the species Arachis duranensis Krapov & W.C. Gregory, a possible progenitor of cultivated peanut}, volume={38}, ISSN={["0831-2796"]}, DOI={10.1139/g95-158}, abstractNote={Eighteen accessions of a diploid wild peanut species (Arachis duranensis) were analyzed using morphological, intercrossing, cytological, and RFLP data. Abundant variation was found for morphological characters and for RFLP patterns both between and within accessions, and each accession could be uniquely identified by RFLP pattern. Several plants were found to be F1 hybrids between different accessions, indicating that intercrossing had occurred when these were planted for seed increase. Patterns of RFLP diversity were found to correspond with geographic distribution. Analysis of the number of RFLP fragments observed per accession indicates that additional field collections of this complex of taxa will yield additional genetic variability.}, number={6}, journal={GENOME}, author={Stalker, HT and Dhesi, JS and Kochert, G}, year={1995}, month={Dec}, pages={1201–1212} }
 @article{stalker_phillips_murphy_jones_1994, title={VARIATION OF ISOZYME PATTERNS AMONG ARACHIS SPECIES}, volume={87}, ISSN={["1432-2242"]}, DOI={10.1007/bf00222901}, number={6}, journal={THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS}, author={STALKER, HT and PHILLIPS, TD and MURPHY, JP and JONES, TM}, year={1994}, month={Jan}, pages={746–755} }
 @article{stalker_beute_1993, title={REGISTRATION OF 4 LEAFSPOT-RESISTANT PEANUT GERMPLASM LINES}, volume={33}, ISSN={["0011-183X"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci1993.0011183X003300050064x}, abstractNote={Crop ScienceVolume 33, Issue 5 cropsci1993.0011183X003300050064x p. 1117-1117 Registration of Germplasm Registration of Four Leafspot-Resistant Peanut Germplasm Lines H. T. Stalker, Corresponding Author H. T. Stalker n/a@.dne Dep. of Crop ScienceCorresponding author.Search for more papers by this authorM. K. Beute, M. K. Beute Dep. of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695Search for more papers by this author H. T. Stalker, Corresponding Author H. T. Stalker n/a@.dne Dep. of Crop ScienceCorresponding author.Search for more papers by this authorM. K. Beute, M. K. Beute Dep. of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 27695Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 September 1993 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1993.0011183X003300050064xCitations: 26AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume33, Issue5September–October 1993Pages 1117-1117 RelatedInformation}, number={5}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={STALKER, HT and BEUTE, MK}, year={1993}, pages={1117–1117} }
 @article{stalker_1991, title={A NEW SPECIES IN SECTION ARACHIS OF PEANUTS WITH A D-GENOME}, volume={78}, ISSN={["0002-9122"]}, DOI={10.2307/2445084}, abstractNote={Arachis glandulifera Stalker is a diploid (2n = 2x = 20) taxon in section Arachis native to eastern Bolivia. Plants of A. glandulifera have longer lateral branches than other taxa of section Arachis, an upright mainstem, prostrate lateral branches, and larger flowers and seeds than other wild species in the section. The pods are greatly reticulated. Glandular trichomes are present on vegetative plant parts and the peg. Intraspecific hybrids among four accessions are fertile and uniformly have ten bivalents in pollen mother cells. Three accessions had nearly identical karyotypes, while a fourth had subtelocentric chromosomes 6 and 9. Hybrids between A. glandulifera and two other diploid species of section Arachis were male-sterile, and chiasmata frequencies ranged between 5.8 and 12.1 per cell. Attempts to hybridize the species with A. hypogaea failed. A new species description and D genomic classification are proposed for A. glandulifera, which is different from previously described A and B genomes of section Arachis.}, number={5}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY}, author={STALKER, HT}, year={1991}, month={May}, pages={630–637} }
 @article{stalker_dhesi_parry_1991, title={AN ANALYSIS OF THE B-GENOME SPECIES ARACHIS-BATIZOCOI (FABACEAE)}, volume={174}, ISSN={["0378-2697"]}, DOI={10.1007/BF00940337}, number={3-4}, journal={PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION}, author={STALKER, HT and DHESI, JS and PARRY, DC}, year={1991}, pages={159–169} }
 @article{stalker_dhesi_parry_hahn_1991, title={CYTOLOGICAL AND INTERFERTILITY RELATIONSHIPS OF ARACHIS SECTION ARACHIS}, volume={78}, ISSN={["1537-2197"]}, DOI={10.2307/2445247}, abstractNote={Twenty-nine recently introduced diploid (2n = 2x = 20) accessions of section Arachis plus an A. correntina (Burk) Krap. et Greg. nom. nud. control were hybridized to the diploid A-genome species A. duranensis Krap. et Greg. nom. nud. (ace. 7988), the diploid B-genome species A. batizocoi Krap. et Greg. (acc. 9484), and with two subspecies of the A-B genome (2n = 4x = 40) A. hypogaea cultivars NC 4 and Argentine. Most attempted crosses were successful and the resulting plants were vigorous. However, A. batizocoi × accession 30008 hybrids died as seedlings and A. batizocoi × accession 30017 produced only dwarf plants. The 710 diploid F1s from A. batizocoi were generally sterile, while those from A. duranensis had fertility ranges from 5% to 84%. Meiotic chromosome relationships in diploid crosses were cytologically evaluated in 185 plants plus tester accessions. Most taxa in section Arachis have an A genome, only A. batizocoi accessions have a B genome, a D genome is represented by accessions 30091 and 30099, and two other genomic groups, represented by accessions 30011 and 30033, may be present in the section. Most cytological differentiation was found among species originally collected in southern and eastern Bolivia. On the other hand, species collected at the extremes of the distribution of section Arachis species (northern Argentina to north-central Brazil) were cytologically very similar. Evidence is presented for speciation in Arachis being associated with both genetic differentiation and with translocated chromosomes. All taxa in the section except the D-genome species are believed to be cross-compatible with A. hypogaea, so germplasm introgression from most Arachis species should be possible.}, number={2}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY}, author={STALKER, HT and DHESI, JS and PARRY, DC and HAHN, JH}, year={1991}, month={Feb}, pages={238–246} }
 @article{stalker_1991, title={Plant breeding in the 1990s: A summary}, volume={3}, number={3}, journal={AgBioTech News and Information}, author={Stalker, H. T.}, year={1991}, pages={425} }
 @article{stalker_1990, title={A morphological appraisal of wild species in section Arachis of peanuts}, volume={17}, DOI={10.3146/i0095-3679-17-2-17}, abstractNote={Abstract The cultivated peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., is a member of section Arachis nom. nud. along with its tetraploid progenitor, A. monticola Krap. et Rig., four validly described diploid species, eight diploid species whose names have never been validly published, and a large collection of taxa discovered since 1975. Systematic relationships and possible species circumscriptors are assessed in section Arachis by means of numerical taxonomy. Seventy-three accessions were grown in the field and three randomly selected specimens of each accession were evaluated. Numerical techniques in the form of cluster and principal components analyses were used on 56 characters, including 20 reproductive, 30 vegetative, and six created variables. Most variation was observed for leaflet size and shape, followed by branching habits and flower size. Although grouping of accessions did not always conform to expectations based on published species descriptions, general relationships among taxa are evident from the analyse...}, number={2}, journal={Peanut Science}, author={Stalker, H. T.}, year={1990}, pages={117} }
 @article{stalker_young_jones_1989, title={A survey of the fatty acids of peanut species}, volume={44}, number={8-9}, journal={Oleagineux (Paris)}, author={Stalker, H. T. and Young, C. T. and Jones, T. M.}, year={1989}, pages={419} }
 @article{stalker_campbell_wynne_1984, title={EVALUATION OF CULTIVATED AND WILD PEANUT SPECIES FOR RESISTANCE TO THE LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE)}, volume={77}, ISSN={["0022-0493"]}, DOI={10.1093/jee/77.1.53}, abstractNote={Collections of cultivated peanuts, Arachis hypogaea L., and wild Arachis species were screened for resistance to the lesser cornstalk borer, Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller), in naturally infested field plots for 6 years. Plants were scored at harvest time for the number of borer-damaged pegs and pods. Of 120 cultivated lines initially evaluated, 30 selections were tested for each of 5 additional years. As compared with the moderate level of resistance found in the cultivar ‘Florigiant,’ 28 of the selected lines had equal ( P = 0.05) or significantly higher levels of resistance (P ≥ 0.05). A moderately high level of resistance to E. lignosellus in field tests was observed with two ‘Valencia’-type peanuts (subsp. fastigiata var. fastigiata) , PI 269116 and PI 275744 and one ‘Spanish’-type peanut (subsp. fastigiata var. vulgaris ), PI 262000. The levels of resistance among the 27 wild Arachis species collections tested are not sufficiently high to justify a breeding program for germplasm introgression from wild to cultivated peanuts.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY}, author={STALKER, HT and CAMPBELL, WV and WYNNE, JC}, year={1984}, pages={53–57} }