@article{cai_rasdorf_tilley_2007, title={Approach to determine extent and depth of highway flooding}, volume={13}, DOI={10.1061/(asce)1076-0342(2007)13:2(157)}, abstractNote={Flooding and flash flooding pose serious infrastructure hazards to human populations in many parts of the world. During a flood, it is critical to identify road segments that are flooded so that rescue and response routes can be determined and rescue personnel and supplies can be distributed promptly. Presently there is not an information system that, given a specific flood level, can accurately predict flooded road segments and their depth and provide this information for rescue activities. This paper reports on a study to develop a prediction prototype to identify flooded road segments during a flood. It includes two tasks: determining flood extent and depth and identifying road segments that are flooded. Unlike a traditional approach, which determines flood extent and depth by comparing a water surface and a terrain surface, this study determines flood extent and depth using light detection and ranging data in a geographic information system. This flood extent and depth information is integrated with 3D road centerline data created in a related study. It is believed that the proposed prediction model and algorithms in this study can provide a practical and efficient approach to identify road segments that are flooded in a timely manner to help determine rescue routes. These models show promise. Additional research is required to fully validate the models.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Infrastructure Systems}, author={Cai, H. and Rasdorf, W. and Tilley, C.}, year={2007}, pages={157–167} }
 @article{rasdorf_hummer_vereen_cai_2005, title={Quantitative evaluation of the nighttime visual inspection method of sign evaluation}, volume={14}, number={1}, journal={Journal of the Transportation Research Forum}, author={Rasdorf, W. and Hummer, J. and Vereen, S. and Cai, H.}, year={2005}, pages={121–139} }
 @article{rasdorf_cai_tilley_brun_robson_2004, title={Accuracy assessment of interstate highway length using digital elevation model}, volume={130}, DOI={10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9453(2004)130:3(142)}, abstractNote={Road length is part of the geometry of the roadway network. Its measurement is critical to all road inventory databases. One approach to obtaining it is to drive cars equipped with a distance measurement instrument (DMI) along roads to measure mileages. This method provides accurate measurements, but it is expensive and time consuming. This paper proposes an alternative way to acquire actual road length, which is currently under consideration by the geographic information system (GIS) unit of the North Carolina Department of Transportation. The emphasis of this study was to determine the accuracy of the proposed approach. The proposed approach employs GIS application programs written in ARC macro language to calculate the actual length (surface length) along the sloped surface of highway centerlines based on elevation data and the road network geometry. This was done for all interstate highways in North Carolina. The calculated GIS results were compared with DMI measurements, which is the most accurate approach presently available to NCDOT. Three filters were applied to remove suspect road segments that have significant errors which are irrelevant to the proposed approach. All remaining segments were grouped by slope and length to evaluate the impact of slope and length on the accuracy. Frequency analysis and root mean square error were determined for all groups. It was found that the proposed method is a technically feasible method with reasonable accuracy. The study also revealed that where there are errors, they occur primarily for road segments with relatively high slopes, short lengths, or both. The meaning of this is that GIS and digital elevation model technologies can be combined and used in lieu of DMI measurements, thus reducing resource demands.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Surveying Engineering}, author={Rasdorf, W. and Cai, H. and Tilley, C. and Brun, S. and Robson, F.}, year={2004}, pages={142–150} }
 @article{abudayyeh_cai_fenves_law_o'neill_rasdorf_2004, title={Assessment of the computing component of civil engineering education}, volume={18}, DOI={10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3801(2004)18:3(187)}, abstractNote={This paper presents the results of two surveys conducted by the American Society of Civil Engineers' Task Committee on Computing Education of the Technical Council on Computing and Information Technology to assess the current computing component of the curriculum in civil engineering. Previous surveys completed in 1989 and 1995 have addressed the question of what should be taught to civil engineering students regarding computing. The surveys reported in this paper are a follow-up study to the two earlier surveys. Key findings of the study include: (1) the relative importance of the top four skills (spreadsheets, word processors, computer aided-design, electronic communication) has remained unchanged; (2) programming competence is ranked very low by practitioners; (3) the importance and use of geographic information system and specialized engineering software have increased over the past decade; (4) the importance and use of expert systems have significantly decreased over the past decade; and (5) the importance and use of equation solvers and databases have declined over the past decade.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering}, author={Abudayyeh, O. and Cai, H. B. and Fenves, S. J. and Law, K. and O'Neill, R. and Rasdorf, W.}, year={2004}, pages={187–195} }
 @inproceedings{abudayyeh_cai_fenves_law_o'neill_rasdorf_2003, title={Role of computing in civil engineering: Educators' perspective}, ISBN={0784407045}, DOI={10.1061/40704(2003)5}, abstractNote={The Education Committee of the Technical Council on Computing and Information Technology (TCCIT) of ASCE conducted two surveys during 2002 to assess the current computing component of the curriculum in civil engineering. The two surveys were targeted at two different segments within the civil engineering profession: educators and practitioners. This paper presents the findings of the survey directed to civil engineering educators concerning their perspective on the issue. This survey is a follow-up of surveys conducted by the Education Committee in 1990 and 1995. The presentation of the results includes an analysis of some of the changes in the survey results since 1990.}, booktitle={Towards a vision for information technology in civil engineering: Proceedings of the Fourth Joint International Symposium on Technology in Civil Engineering, Nov. 15-16, 2003, Nashville, TN}, publisher={Nashville, TN: American Society of Civil Engineers}, author={Abudayyeh, O. and Cai, H. and Fenves, S. J. and Law, K. and O'Neill, R. and Rasdorf, W.}, year={2003} }
 @inproceedings{abudayyeh_cai_fenves_law_o'neill_rasdorf_2003, title={Role of computing in civil engineering: Practitioners' perspective}, ISBN={0784407045}, booktitle={Towards a vision for information technology in civil engineering: Proceedings of the Fourth Joint International Symposium on Technology in Civil Engineering, Nov. 15-16, 2003, Nashville, TN}, publisher={Nashville, TN: American Society of Civil Engineers}, author={Abudayyeh, O. and Cai, H. and Fenves, S. J. and Law, K. and O'Neill, R. and Rasdorf, W.}, year={2003} }
 @article{rasdorf_cai_tilley_brun_karimi_robson_2003, title={Transportation distance measurement data quality}, volume={17}, DOI={10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3801(2003)17:2(75)}, abstractNote={Data quality and spatial data accuracy issues are critical to any geographic information systems ~GIS! application, especially GIS applications in the transportation community. This paper addresses one specific aspect of spatial data accuracy issues, namely, linear measurement ~length measurement!, through a transportation case study. In the case study, an alternative to distance measurement instruments ~DMI! was proposed to determine road lengths for interstate highways in North Carolina. In the proposed alternative, the road lengths were calculated by overlaying GIS roadway linework over elevation data—in this case the National Elevation Dataset, which was developed based on U.S. Geological Survey 7.5 min digital elevation models and calculating a centerline roadway slope distance. The results of this approach were collected and compared with DMI lengths to assess the accuracy of the proposed approach. Error sources were tentatively identified and control mechanisms were discussed. Computer tools and models used to model surfaces and roadway linework are emphasized in this paper. The computer algorithms used for length calculations and accuracy assessment are described. This research concluded that, by carefully controlling quality of both the roadway linework data and the elevation data, GIS programs can be written to provide accurate length measurements to the transportation community. Furthermore, instrumentation like global positioning systems, high resolution cameras, and precise odometers can be combined to create productivity enhancing automated engineering systems.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering}, author={Rasdorf, W. and Cai, H. and Tilley, C. and Brun, S. and Karimi, H. and Robson, F.}, year={2003}, pages={75–87} }