@article{kaplan_decarolis_thorneloe_2009, title={Is It Better To Burn or Bury Waste for Clean Electricity Generation?}, volume={43}, ISSN={0013-936X 1520-5851}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es802395e}, DOI={10.1021/es802395e}, abstractNote={The use of municipal solid waste (MSW) to generate electricity through landfill-gas-to-energy (LFGTE) and waste-to-energy (WTE) projects represents roughly 14% of U.S. nonhydro renewable electricity generation. Although various aspects of LFGTE and WTE have been analyzed in the literature, this paper is the first to present a comprehensive set of life-cycle emission factors per unit of electricity generated for these energy recovery options. In addition, sensitivity analysis is conducted on key inputs (e.g., efficiency of the WTE plant landfill gas management schedules, oxidation rate, and waste composition) to quantify the variability in the resultant life-cycle emissions estimates. While methane from landfills results from the anaerobic breakdown of biogenic materials, the energy derived from WTE results from the combustion of both biogenic and fossil materials. The greenhouse gas emissions for WTE ranges from 0.4 to 1.5 MTCO2e/MWh, whereas the most agressive LFGTE scenerio results in 2.3 MTCO2e/MWh. WTE also produces lower NO(x) emissions than LFGTE, whereas SO(x) emissions depend on the specific configurations of WTE and LFGTE.}, number={6}, journal={Environmental Science & Technology}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Kaplan, P. Ozge and DeCarolis, Joseph and Thorneloe, Susan}, year={2009}, month={Mar}, pages={1711–1717} }
 @article{kaplan_ranjithan_barlaz_2009, title={Use of Life-Cycle Analysis To Support Solid Waste Management Planning for Delaware}, volume={43}, ISSN={["0013-936X"]}, DOI={10.1021/es8018447}, abstractNote={Mathematical models of integrated solid waste management (SWM) are useful planning tools given the complexity of the solid waste system and the interactions among the numerous components that constitute the system. An optimization model was used in this study to identify and evaluate alternative plans for integrated SWM for the State of Delaware in consideration of cost and environmental performance, including greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The three counties in Delaware were modeled individually to identify efficient SWM plans in consideration of constraints on cost, landfill diversion requirements, GHG emissions, and the availability of alternate treatment processes (e.g., recycling, composting, and combustion). The results show that implementing a landfill diversion strategy (e.g., curbside recycling) for only a portion of the population is most cost-effective for meeting a county-specific landfill diversion target Implementation of waste-to-energy offers the most cost-effective opportunity for GHG emissions reductions.}, number={5}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY}, author={Kaplan, P. Ozge and Ranjithan, S. Ranji and Barlaz, Morton A.}, year={2009}, month={Mar}, pages={1264–1270} }
 @article{barlaz_kaplan_ranjithan_rynk_2003, title={Comparing recycling, composting and landfills}, volume={44}, number={9}, journal={BioCycle}, author={Barlaz, M. A. and Kaplan, P. O. and Ranjithan, S. R. and Rynk, R.}, year={2003}, pages={60-} }
 @article{barlaz_kaplan_ranjithan_rynk_2003, title={Evaluating environmental impacts of solid waste management alternatives}, volume={44}, number={10}, journal={BioCycle}, author={Barlaz, M. A. and Kaplan, P. O. and Ranjithan, S. R. and Rynk, R.}, year={2003}, pages={52–56} }