@article{shimizu_reininga_caicedo_mays_moore_olsen_ruzsa_coop_bustamante_purugganan_2008, title={Darwinian selection on a selfing locus (vol 306, pg 2081, 2004)}, volume={320}, number={5873}, journal={Science}, author={Shimizu, K. K. and Reininga, J. M. and Caicedo, A. L. and Mays, C. A. and Moore, R. C. and Olsen, K. M. and Ruzsa, S. and Coop, G. and Bustamante, C. D. and Purugganan, M. D.}, year={2008}, pages={176–176} }
 @article{korves_schmid_caicedo_mays_stinchcombe_purugganan_schmitt_2007, title={Fitness effects associated with the major flowering time gene FRIGIDA in Arabidopsis thaliana in the field}, volume={169}, ISSN={["1537-5323"]}, DOI={10.1086/513111}, abstractNote={To date, the effect of natural selection on candidate genes underlying complex traits has rarely been studied experimentally, especially under ecologically realistic conditions. Here we report that the effect of selection on the flowering time gene FRIGIDA (FRI) reverses depending on the season of germination and allelic variation at the interacting gene FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). In field studies of 136 European accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana, accessions with putatively functional FRI alleles had higher winter survival in one FLC background in a fall‐germinating cohort, but accessions with deletion null FRI alleles had greater seed production in the other FLC background in a spring‐germinating cohort. Consistent with FRI’s role in flowering, selection analyses suggest that the difference in winter survival can be attributed to time to bolting. However, in the spring cohort, the fitness difference was associated with rosette size. Our analyses also reveal that controlling for population structure with estimates of inferred ancestry and a geographical restriction was essential for detecting fitness associations. Overall, our results suggest that the combined effects of seasonally varying selection and epistasis could explain the maintenance of variation at FRI and, more generally, may be important in the evolution of genes underlying complex traits.}, number={5}, journal={AMERICAN NATURALIST}, author={Korves, Tonia M. and Schmid, Karl J. and Caicedo, Ana L. and Mays, Charlotte and Stinchcombe, John R. and Purugganan, Michael D. and Schmitt, Johanna}, year={2007}, pages={E141–E157} }
 @article{stinchcombe_caicedo_hopkins_mays_boyd_purugganan_schmitt_2005, title={Vernalization sensitivity in Arabidopsis thaliana (brassicaceae): The effects of latitude and FLC variation}, volume={92}, ISSN={["1537-2197"]}, DOI={10.3732/ajb.92.10.1701}, abstractNote={Latitudinal variation in climate is predicted to select for latitudinal differentiation in sensitivity to the environmental cues that signal plants to flower at the appropriate time for a given climate. In Arabidopsis thaliana, flowering is promoted by exposure to cold temperatures (vernalization), and several vernalization pathway loci are known. To test whether natural variation in vernalization sensitivity could account for a previously observed latitudinal cline in flowering time in A. thaliana, we exposed 21 European accessions to 0, 10, 20, or 30 d of vernalization and observed leaf number at flowering under short days in a growth chamber. We observed a significant latitudinal cline in vernalization sensitivity: southern accessions were more sensitive to vernalization than northern accessions. In addition, accessions that were late flowering in the absence of vernalization were more sensitive to vernalization cues. Allelic variation at the flowering time regulatory gene FLC was not associated with mean vernalization sensitivity, but one allele class exhibited greater variance in vernalization sensitivity.}, number={10}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY}, author={Stinchcombe, JR and Caicedo, AL and Hopkins, R and Mays, C and Boyd, EW and Purugganan, MD and Schmitt, J}, year={2005}, month={Oct}, pages={1701–1707} }
 @article{stinchcombe_weinig_ungerer_olsen_mays_halldorsdottir_purugganan_schmitt_2004, title={A latitudinal cline in flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana modulated by the flowering time gene FRIGIDA}, volume={101}, ISSN={["0027-8424"]}, DOI={10.1073/pnas.0306401101}, abstractNote={
            A latitudinal cline in flowering time in accessions of
            Arabidopsis thaliana
            has been widely predicted because the environmental cues that promote flowering vary systematically with latitude, but evidence for such clines has been lacking. Here, we report evidence of a significant latitudinal cline in flowering time among 70 Northern European and Mediterranean ecotypes when grown under ecologically realistic conditions in a common garden environment. The detected cline, however, is found only in ecotypes with alleles of the flowering time gene
            FRIGIDA
            (
            FRI
            ) that lack major deletions that would disrupt protein function, whereas there is no relationship between flowering time and latitude of origin among accessions with
            FRI
            alleles containing such deletions. Analysis of climatological data suggests that late flowering in accessions with putatively functional
            FRI
            was associated with reduced January precipitation at the site of origin, consistent with previous reports of a positive genetic correlation between water use efficiency and flowering time in
            Arabidopsis
            , and the pleiotropic effects of
            FRI
            of increasing water use efficiency. In accessions collected from Southern latitudes, we detected that putatively functional
            FRI
            alleles were associated with accelerated flowering relative to accessions with nonfunctional
            FRI
            under the winter conditions of our experiment. These results suggest that the ecological function of the vernalization requirement conferred by
            FRI
            differs across latitudes. More generally, our results indicate that by combining ecological and molecular genetic data, it is possible to understand the forces acting on life history transitions at the level of specific loci.
          }, number={13}, journal={PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA}, author={Stinchcombe, JR and Weinig, C and Ungerer, M and Olsen, KM and Mays, C and Halldorsdottir, SS and Purugganan, MD and Schmitt, J}, year={2004}, month={Mar}, pages={4712–4717} }
 @article{shimizu_cork_caicedo_mays_moore_olsen_ruzsa_coop_bustamante_awadalla_et al._2004, title={Darwinian selection on a selfing locus (Retracted Article. See vol 320, pg 176, 2008)}, volume={306}, ISSN={["1095-9203"]}, DOI={10.1126/science.1103776}, abstractNote={
            The shift to self-pollination is one of the most prevalent evolutionary transitions in flowering plants. In the selfing plant
            Arabidopsis thaliana
            , pseudogenes at the
            SCR
            and
            SRK
            self-incompatibility loci are believed to underlie the evolution of self-fertilization. Positive directional selection has driven the evolutionary fixation of pseudogene alleles of
            SCR
            , leading to substantially reduced nucleotide variation. Coalescent simulations indicate that this adaptive event may have occurred very recently and is possibly associated with the post-Pleistocene expansion of
            A. thaliana
            from glacial refugia. This suggests that ancillary morphological innovations associated with self-pollination can evolve rapidly after the inactivation of the self-incompatibility response.
          }, number={5704}, journal={SCIENCE}, author={Shimizu, KK and Cork, JM and Caicedo, AL and Mays, CA and Moore, RC and Olsen, KM and Ruzsa, S and Coop, G and Bustamante, CD and Awadalla, P and et al.}, year={2004}, month={Dec}, pages={2081–2084} }