@article{mozdziak_walsh_mccoy_2002, title={The effect of early posthatch nutrition on satellite cell mitotic activity}, volume={81}, ISSN={["0032-5791"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036836103&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1093/ps/81.11.1703}, abstractNote={Myofiber growth is dependent upon the contribution of new nuclei from the mitotically active satellite cell population. The objective of this study was to examine satellite cell mitotic activity in conjunction with different nutritional paradigms during the early posthatch period. Turkey poults were provided a standard turkey starter diet; the starter diet top-dressed with a hydrated low-fat, highly digestible protein and carbohydrate nutritional hatchling supplement, Oasis; the starter diet top-dressed with Solka-floc dyed green; or no food for the first 3 d posthatch. All birds were fed a standard starter diet during the experimental period. 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) was continuously infused into all treatments (n = 5 all groups) between hatch and 3 d of age. A second group of identically treated poults housed in separate pens (n = 3 to 5) was continuously infused with BrdU between 2 and 9 d of age. Mitotically active satellite cells were identified in the pectoralis thoracicus and quantitated using BrdU immunohistochemistry in combination with computer-based image analysis. Satellite cell mitotic activity was significantly higher (P < or = 0.05) in the birds fed a standard starter diet compared to all other treatments at 3 d posthatch. However, there were no (P > or = 0.05) differences in satellite cell mitotic activity among treatments at 9 d posthatch. The results of the current study suggest that any improvements in meat yield through early nutritional supplementation do not appear to occur through a satellite cell pathway and that there is no compensatory response in the satellite cell population following refeeding after early posthatch starvation.}, number={11}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Mozdziak, PE and Walsh, TJ and McCoy, DW}, year={2002}, month={Nov}, pages={1703–1708} }
 @article{benton_walsh_brake_2001, title={Effects of Presence of a Blastoderm on Albumen Height and pH of Broiler Hatching Eggs}, volume={80}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ps/80.7.955}, DOI={10.1093/ps/80.7.955}, abstractNote={Two experiments were conducted to determine whether the presence of a blastoderm could affect albumen liquefaction of broiler hatching eggs prior to setting and during the initial stages of incubation. Eggs were stored for 0 to 3 d at 18 C and 75% RH. Albumen height and pH were measured after 0 or 2 h of incubation. In both experiments, albumen height was significantly lower in fertilized eggs compared with unfertilized eggs. The interaction of fertility with incubation time for albumen height in Experiment 1 was not significant (P < or = 0.10). In Experiment 1, albumen pH was significantly higher for fertilized eggs compared with unfertilized eggs (P < or = 0.01); the difference was similar but not significant in Experiment 2. The results suggest that the embryo contributes to albumen liquefaction and that ammonia production by the embryo may account for the effect.}, number={7}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Benton, C.E., Jr. and Walsh, T.J. and Brake, J.}, year={2001}, month={Jul}, pages={955–957} }
 @article{peak_walsh_benton_brake_van horne_2000, title={Effects of two planes of nutrition on performance and uniformity of four strains of broiler chicks}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1056-6171"]}, DOI={10.1093/japr/9.2.185}, abstractNote={Abstract Growers of broilers have recommended feeding lower protein feeds in order to reduce feed cost and nitrogen content of litter. However, the impact that very low protein feeds may have on broiler performance has not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, two planes of nutrition (Standard=NRC-recommended level; or Low=66.1-69.5% as much protein) were fed to each sex of four broiler strains to 8 wk of age. Body weight, feed conversion, mortality, carcass yield, and uniformity were determined. Birds on the Low plane of nutrition had lower body weights, higher feed conversion, decreased carcass yield, and increased abdominal fat pad. In addition, the Low plane of nutrition decreased body weight uniformity and decreased uniformity of parts yield. However, the Low plane of nutrition reduced mortality to 6 wk of age and increased the percentage of dark meat yield. The data indicate that uniformity may be negatively impacted by a lower than NRC plane of nutrition, but careful application of low protein diets along with selection of an appropriate processing age will minimize the negative impact.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH}, author={Peak, SD and Walsh, TJ and Benton, CE and Brake, J and Van Horne, PLM}, year={2000}, pages={185–194} }
 @article{walsh_brake_1999, title={Effects of feeding program and crude protein intake during rearing on fertility of broiler breeder females}, volume={78}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ps/78.6.827}, DOI={10.1093/ps/78.6.827}, abstractNote={Arbor Acres broiler breeder pullets were grown from hatch to 24 wk on one of four feeding programs that achieved similar cumulative intakes of ME and CP at 24 wk, but not 20 wk (photostimulation), in Experiment 1. Graphing the four programs in terms of feed per bird per day by week of age gave the general shapes of linear, convex, concave, and deeply concave with respect to 0 and 24 wk reference points. The linear program, which achieved 1,192 g CP at 20 wk (photostimulation), as compared to < 1,150 g CP for the two concave programs, exhibited the best fertility. Although the pullets reared on the convex program consumed 1,255 g CP, fertility was poor, probably due to the reduced rate of increase in feed allocation late in rearing that delayed oviduct development. In Experiment 2, pullets were fed to the same cumulative ME intake at 20 wk using either a concave or convex feeding program with respect to 0 and 20 wk reference points with two levels of dietary protein. The higher level of CP intake (1,363 vs 1,212 g) produced higher fertility. A significant feeding program by dietary protein interaction was found. Level of CP intake at photostimulation had no effect on fertility with the concave feeding program but the convex program decreased fertility at the lower CP intake as in Experiment 1.}, number={6}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Walsh, TJ and Brake, J}, year={1999}, month={Jun}, pages={827–832} }
 @article{brake_walsh_benton_petitte_meijerhof_penalva_1997, title={Egg handling and storage}, volume={76}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ps/76.1.144}, DOI={10.1093/ps/76.1.144}, abstractNote={The temperature and relative humidity of storage, as well as the gaseous environment, interact with the fertile egg over time during storage in such a way as to affect the success of incubation either negatively or positively. This interaction occurs both above and below the "physiological zero", at which embryonic metabolism is minimal. This interaction below physiological zero implies that certain physical aspects of the egg must be affected by the environmental conditions. As the eggshell is a relatively fixed component, changes in albumen, shell membranes, cuticle, yolk, or embryo proper must account for these time- and environment-related effects. It is concluded that the major contributor is the albumen, as it is obviously the most dynamic component below physiological zero and is strategically positioned.}, number={1}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Brake, J. and Walsh, T.J. and Benton, C.E., Jr and Petitte, J.N. and Meijerhof, R. and Penalva, G.}, year={1997}, month={Jan}, pages={144–151} }
 @article{walsh_brake_1997, title={The effect of nutrient intake during rearing of broiler breeder females on subsequent fertility}, volume={76}, ISSN={0032-5791}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ps/76.2.297}, DOI={10.1093/ps/76.2.297}, abstractNote={Broiler breeder females were grown to similar 20-wk BW with diets containing levels of CP ranging from 11 to 20% CP in four experiments. At 20 wk of age, the pullets were mixed with sex-separate reared males, grown with a 17% CP, 2.89 kcal ME/g diet. Treatment BW at 20 wk of age were between 1.94 and 2.11 kg per pullet. Birds were photostimulated at 20 wk of age. Irrespective of cumulative energy intake or 20-wk BW, pullets that consumed less than 1,180 g of CP exhibited reduced fertility. These results demonstrate a relationship between CP intake by females during rearing and subsequent fertility.}, number={2}, journal={Poultry Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Walsh, TJ and Brake, J}, year={1997}, month={Feb}, pages={297–305} }