@article{sweet_morrison_liu_kamykowski_schaeffer_xie_banks_2009, title={Tropical instability wave interactions within the Galapagos Archipelago}, volume={56}, ISSN={["1879-0119"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.dsr.2009.02.005}, abstractNote={Abstract The effects of tropical instability waves (TIW) within the eastern equatorial Pacific during the boreal fall of 2005 were observed in multiple data sets. The TIW cause oscillations of the sea surface temperature (SST), meridional currents ( V ), and 20 °C isotherm (thermocline). A particularly strong 3-wave packet of ∼15-day period TIW passed through the Galapagos Archipelago in Sep and Oct 2005 and their effects were recorded by moored near-surface sensors. Repeat Argo profiles in the archipelago showed that the large temperature (>5 °C) oscillations that occurred were associated with a vertical adjustment within the water column. Numerical simulations report strong oscillations and upwelling magnitudes of ∼5.0 m d −1 near the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) buoy at 0°, 95°W and in the Archipelago at 92°W and 90°W. A significant biological response to the TIW passage was observed within the archipelago. Chlorophyll a measured by the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) increased by >30% above 1998–2007 mean concentrations within the central archipelago. The increases coincide with coldest temperatures and the much larger increases within the archipelago as compared to those of 95°W indicate that TIW induced upwelling over the island platform itself brought more iron-enriched upwelling waters into the euphotic zone.}, number={8}, journal={DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS}, author={Sweet, W. V. and Morrison, J. M. and Liu, Y. and Kamykowski, D. and Schaeffer, B. A. and Xie, L. and Banks, S.}, year={2009}, month={Aug}, pages={1217–1229} }
 @article{schaeffer_morrison_kamykowski_feldman_xie_liu_sweet_mcculloch_banks_2008, title={Phytoplankton biomass distribution and identification of productive habitats within the Galapagos Marine Reserve by MODIS, a surface acquisition system, and in-situ measurements}, volume={112}, ISSN={["1879-0704"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.rse.2008.03.005}, abstractNote={The Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) is one of the most diverse ecosystems in the world. Phytoplankton are the base of the ecosystem food chain for many higher trophic organisms, so identifying phytoplankton biomass distribution is the first step in understanding the dynamic environment for effective management of the GMR. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and hyperspectral surface acquisition system derived chlorophyll, in-situ chlorophyll fluorescence, nitrate, salinity, and temperature were collected from March 2005 to the onset of a mild El Niño in November 2006. Islands in the eastern GMR, such as San Cristobal and Espanola, are the first to experience impacts of El Niño and southern migration of the Equatorial Front. Productive habitats were defined as surface waters with salinities > 34, temperatures < 24 °C, and chlorophyll a > 0.4 mg m− 3. Six temporally variable productive habitats identified were: west of Isabela Island, southwest of Floreana Island, south of Santa Cruz, between Santiago and Santa Cruz Islands, and on the eastern side near San Cristobal Island. Model results coupled with surface acquisition system derived chlorophyll indicated productive habitats may also occur for short periods and at a distance from islands such as when the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) and South Equatorial Current (SEC) collide over the seamounts north of Isabela Island. All productive habitats were related to topographic upwelling from the EUC into surface waters.}, number={6}, journal={REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT}, author={Schaeffer, Blake A. and Morrison, John M. and Kamykowski, Daniel and Feldman, Gene C. and Xie, Lian and Liu, Yanyun and Sweet, William and McCulloch, Anita and Banks, Stuart}, year={2008}, month={Jun}, pages={3044–3054} }
 @article{sweet_morrison_kamykowski_schaeffer_banks_mcculloch_2007, title={Water mass seasonal variability in the Galapagos archipelago}, volume={54}, ISSN={["1879-0119"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.dsr.2007.09.009}, abstractNote={Three hydrographic surveys were conducted within the Galápagos Archipelago during 2005–2006. The surveys captured the surface properties (<80 m) near the extremes and midpoint of the annual cycle of the mean sea surface temperature (SST) and winds. A cooler SST occurs in boreal summer and fall as the southeast trades strengthen. Current data at 110°W show that this coincides with the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) becoming weaker and deeper below a strengthening westward South Equatorial Current (SEC). Opposite conditions are generally found in the spring. Meanwhile, the sea surface salinity (SSS) freshens in late winter/spring when the archipelago receives large rainfalls as the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) shifts southward, or in late fall when receiving large influxes from the North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC). As a result, Tropical Surface Waters (TSW) with salinity (S) <34 fill the archipelago from the late fall through early spring. The SSS becomes saltiest in late spring/early summer as the EUC strengthens, resulting in Equatorial Surface Waters (ESW), S>34, throughout the archipelago. Equatorial Surface Waters are present west of Isabela, where the EUC upwells as it interacts with the Galápagos platform. They also are found east of the archipelago in the cold tongue, which extends westward from South America, and therefore may be advected by the SEC into the archipelago. The upwelling west of Isabela creates a consistently shallow 20 °C isotherm (thermocline), which remains elevated across the archipelago. Linear extrapolation of the thermocline depth along the equator from 110 to 95°W gives a good approximation of the thermocline depth within the archipelago from 92 to 89°W.}, number={12}, journal={DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS}, author={Sweet, W. V. and Morrison, J. M. and Kamykowski, D. and Schaeffer, B. A. and Banks, S. and McCulloch, A.}, year={2007}, month={Dec}, pages={2023–2035} }
 @article{kinder_sweet_2005, title={Telemetry and ocean observing buoy system a new buoy system to support storm surge predictions for Charleston county, South Carolina}, volume={46}, number={2}, journal={Sea Technology}, author={Kinder, J. A. and Sweet, W. V.}, year={2005}, pages={17-} }