@inbook{gunkel_lewbart_2007, title={Invertebrates}, ISBN={9780813825663}, DOI={10.1002/9780470376478.ch13}, abstractNote={Chapter 13 Invertebrates Cornelia Gunkel, Cornelia GunkelSearch for more papers by this authorGregory A. Lewbart, Gregory A. LewbartSearch for more papers by this author Cornelia Gunkel, Cornelia GunkelSearch for more papers by this authorGregory A. Lewbart, Gregory A. LewbartSearch for more papers by this author Gary West DVM, Dipl ACZM, Gary West DVM, Dipl ACZM Oklahoma City Zoo and Botanical Garden, Oklahoma State University's College of Veterinary MedicineSearch for more papers by this authorDarryl Heard BSc, BVMS, PhD, Dipl ACZM, Darryl Heard BSc, BVMS, PhD, Dipl ACZM University of Florida, College of Veterinary MedicineSearch for more papers by this authorNigel Caulkett DVM, MVetSc, Dipl ACVA, Nigel Caulkett DVM, MVetSc, Dipl ACVA University of Calgary, College of Veterinary MedicineSearch for more papers by this author Book Author(s):Gary West DVM, Dipl ACZM, Gary West DVM, Dipl ACZM Oklahoma City Zoo and Botanical Garden, Oklahoma State University's College of Veterinary MedicineSearch for more papers by this authorDarryl Heard BSc, BVMS, PhD, Dipl ACZM, Darryl Heard BSc, BVMS, PhD, Dipl ACZM University of Florida, College of Veterinary MedicineSearch for more papers by this authorNigel Caulkett DVM, MVetSc, Dipl ACVA, Nigel Caulkett DVM, MVetSc, Dipl ACVA University of Calgary, College of Veterinary MedicineSearch for more papers by this author First published: 12 October 2007 https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470376478.ch13Citations: 9 AboutPDFPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShareShare a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Summary This chapter contains section titled: Introduction Taxonomic Groups Pain Management Euthanasia References Citing Literature Zoo Animal and Wildlife Immobilization and Anesthesia RelatedInformation}, booktitle={Zoo animal & wildlife immobilization and anesthesia}, publisher={Ames, IA: Blackwell Publishing}, author={Gunkel, C. and Lewbart, Gregory}, editor={G. West, D. Heard and Caulkett, N.Editors}, year={2007}, pages={147–158} }
 @article{tuttle_frederico_linder_gunkel_remick_redding_2007, title={Pathological fracture of the ulna due to osteosarcoma in an Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius)}, volume={161}, ISSN={["0042-4900"]}, DOI={10.1136/vr.161.1.30}, abstractNote={OSTEOSARCOMA, a malignant mesenchymal neoplasia originating within bone, occurs only rarely in large animal species (Cotchin 1960, 1977, Pascoe and Summers 1981, Pool 1998). The long bones are the primary site for osteosarcoma in small animals, while in large animals the common sites are generally the skull and mandible (Thorpe and Graham 1934, Pospischil and others 1982, Livesey and Wilkie 1986, Steinberg and George 1989, Plumlee and others 1993, Pool 1998, Perez-Martinez and others 1999), although osteosarcomas have been reported to affect the pelvis, vertebrae, ribs and, rarely, the appendicular skeleton in domestic ruminants and equine species (Heimann 1975, Rosenberger 1975, Livesey and Wilkie 1986, Zaruby and others 1993, Wan and others 1994, Nelson and Baker 1998, Jenner and others 2003). This short communication describes a case of pathological fracture secondary to osteosarcoma in an Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius). A seven-year-old intact female Arabian camel was presented to the North Carolina State University’s College of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Teaching Hospital for evaluation of a left forelimb lameness of three days’ duration. The camel was found at pasture with an acute, non-weight-bearing lameness on the left forelimb, which was swollen in the radiohumeral region. Treatment with butorphanol (0·06 mg/kg orally every 24 hours), diazepam (0·02 mg/kg orally every 24 hours), and a single oral dose of 1·1 mg/kg flunixin meglumine had been administered by the referring veterinarian. The camel had calved eight months previously, and had given birth to one other calf before that, but had no other significant medical history. Upon arrival, the camel was quiet and dull, with a normal rectal temperature (37·7°C, reference range 36·4 to 42°C), tachycardia (88 bpm, reference range 40 to 50 bpm) and tachypnoea (28 breaths/minute, reference range 5 to 12 breaths/minute). Auscultation of the heart and lungs revealed no audible abnormalities. The faeces were soft, and adequate borborygmi were audible in all four abdominal quadrants. The body condition score was 4/9. Severe lameness (grade 4/5) was apparent in the left forelimb, with moderate swelling around the left elbow. Radiographs of the left radiohumeral joint revealed a cranially displaced oblique articular fracture involving the proximal ulna. The fracture line extended from the trochlear notch to the caudal surface of the ulna distal to the olecranon. Slight radiolucencies were noted in the bone at the cranial edge of the fracture (Figs 1, 2). Cranial displacement of the distal radius and ulna had resulted in subluxation of the radiohumeral joint. A complete blood count revealed mild anaemia (packed-cell volume 21 per cent, reference range 24 to 42 per cent) and a regenerative neutrophilia (white blood cell count 19·8 x 103 cells/μl [reference range 2·9 x 103 to 9·7 x 103 cells/μl]; absolute numbers of bands 0·2 x 103 cells/μl [the presence of any bands is considered abnormal]). A serum chemistry panel revealed mildly elevated levels of globulin (46 g/l, reference range 28 to 44 g/l) and gamma glutyltransferase (39·0 iu/l, reference range 0 to 20 iu/l), Veterinary Record (2007) 161, 30-33}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY RECORD}, author={Tuttle, A. D. and Frederico, L. and Linder, K. and Gunkel, C. and Remick, A. and Redding, R.}, year={2007}, month={Jul}, pages={30–33} }
 @article{tuttle_papich_lewbart_christian_gunkel_harms_2006, title={Pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen in the green iguana (Iguana iguana) following single intravenous and intramuscular injections}, volume={37}, ISSN={["1937-2825"]}, DOI={10.1638/06-029.1}, abstractNote={Abstract The nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug ketoprofen (KTP) is a commonly used antiinflammatory and analgesic agent in reptile medicine, but no studies documenting its pharmacokinetics in this species have been published. Ketoprofen was administered as a racemic mixture to green iguanas (Iguana iguana) intravenously (i.v.) and intramuscularly (i.m.) at 2 mg/kg. Pharmacokinetic analyses were performed and indicated that ketoprofen in iguanas administered by the intravenous route has a classical two-compartmental distribution pattern, a slow clearance (67 ml/ kg/hr) and a long terminal half-life (31 hr) compared to ketoprofen studies reported in mammals. When delivered by the intramuscular route, bioavailability was 78%. These data indicate the daily dosing that is generally recommended for reptile patients, as an extrapolation from mammalian data, may be more frequent than necessary.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE}, author={Tuttle, Allison D. and Papich, Mark and Lewbart, Gregory A. and Christian, Shane and Gunkel, Conny and Harms, Craig A.}, year={2006}, month={Dec}, pages={567–570} }
 @article{valverde_gunkel_2005, title={Pain management in horses and farm animals}, volume={15}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)}, author={Valverde, A. and Gunkel, C. I.}, year={2005}, pages={295–307} }