@article{sparks_gorney_williams_griffith_cerda-gonzalez_lascelles_olby_2018, title={Investigation of sensory thresholds in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with and without Chiari-like malformations and syringomyelia}, volume={32}, ISSN={0891-6640}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15297}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.15297}, abstractNote={BackgroundCavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) suffer pain associated with Chiari‐like malformation and syringomyelia (CMSM). People suffer from a similar condition and describe numerous sensory abnormalities. Sensory changes have not been quantified in affected CKCS.ObjectivesTo use quantitative sensory testing (QST) to quantify thermal and mechanical thresholds in CKCS and to compare QST in dogs with and without syringomyelia (SM).AnimalsForty‐four CKCS.MethodsProspective study. Dogs underwent neurological examinations and craniocervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Thermal testing was performed over the humerus and thorax (n = 32); mechanical testing was performed on the paw and neck (n = 44). Latencies, thresholds, and response rates were compared with presence and severity of SM on MRI, presence of pain reported by the owner and pain identified on examination.ResultsThirty dogs had SM, 30 were painful on examination, 29 were owner‐reported symptomatic. Thermal and mechanical variables were not significantly different based on presence or severity of SM. Dogs with pain on examination had decreased mechanical thresholds on the paw (0.38 kg, SD = 0.18) and neck (2.05 kg, SD = 0.74) compared to thresholds of dogs without pain on examination on the paw (0.60 kg, SD = 0.30) and neck (2.72 kg, SD = 0.57; P = .021).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceMechanical and thermal sensitivity does not appear to be related to the presence of SM, but mechanical sensitivity appears to be related to the presence of pain and clinical signs. Mechanical testing may be useful for assessing sensory abnormalities during clinical trials.}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Sparks, Courtney R. and Gorney, Angela and Williams, Kim and Griffith, Emily H. and Cerda-Gonzalez, Sofia and Lascelles, B. Duncan X. and Olby, Natasha J.}, year={2018}, month={Oct}, pages={2021–2028} }
 @article{cerda-gonzalez_olby_mccullough_pease_broadstone_osborne_2009, title={MORPHOLOGY OF THE CAUDAL FOSSA IN CAVALIER KING CHARLES SPANIELS}, volume={50}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2008.01487.x}, abstractNote={Chiari malformations and syringohydromyelia are an important disease complex in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. Although abnormalities in caudal fossa morphology are considered major contributors to the development of this disease, limited information exists on the range of morphologies in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels and on the relationship of these to clinically evident disease. Sixty‐four Cavalier King Charles Spaniels were studied. Each underwent a neurologic examination and magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine and brain. T2‐weighted sagittal images were used to determine both the morphologic characteristics and volume of the caudal fossa in each dog. This volume was also analyzed as a percentage of total cranial cavity volume. Each attribute was correlated with neurological grade and presence of syringohydromyelia. Fifteen dogs had neurologic signs, and 59 had morphologic abnormalities of the craniocervical junction. While 27 dogs had syringohydromyelia, 13 of these were clinically normal. Cerebellar herniation and occipital dysplasia were common findings but were not associated with syringohydromyelia. Dorsal compressive lesions were noted at the first and second cervical vertebral junction. Factors associated with the presence of neurologic signs included syringohydromyelia and the ratio of caudal fossa/total cranial cavity volume; dogs with signs had significantly larger syringohydromyelia than asymptomatic dogs. Caudal fossa size was not associated with syringohydromyelia. A positive association was identified between foramen magnum size and length of cerebellar herniation. The prevalence of craniocervical junction abnormalities is high in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. While several factors are associated with neurologic signs, occipital hypoplasia appears to be the most important factor.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Cerda-Gonzalez, Sofia and Olby, Natasha J. and McCullough, Susan and Pease, Anthony P. and Broadstone, Richard and Osborne, Jason A.}, year={2009}, pages={37–46} }
 @article{wood_vaden_cerda-gonzalez_keene_2007, title={Cystoscopic-guided balloon dilation of a urethral stricture in a female dog}, volume={48}, number={7}, journal={Canadian Veterinary Journal}, author={Wood, M. W. and Vaden, S. and Cerda-Gonzalez, S. and Keene, B.}, year={2007}, pages={731–733} }
 @article{cerda-gonzalez_olby_2006, title={Fecal incontinence associated with epidural spinal hematoma and intervertebral disk extrusion in a dog}, volume={228}, ISSN={0003-1488}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.228.2.230}, DOI={10.2460/javma.228.2.230}, abstractNote={Abstract
Case Description—A 7-year-old castrated male Great Dane was evaluated because of a 2-month history of fecal incontinence.
Clinical Findings—On the basis of the presence of paraparesis and apparently normal spinal reflexes, the neurologic signs were localized in the region of the third thoracic to the third lumbar spinal cord segments. On the basis of the findings of magnetic resonance imaging, a presumptive diagnosis of a compressive intervertebral disk extrusion with secondary hemorrhage and epidural hematoma formation was made.
Treatment and Outcome—A right-sided hemil-aminectomy was performed (centered at the T13-L1 intervertebral space) to further characterize the lesion and decompress the spinal cord. The histopathologic diagnosis was extruded intervertebral disk material with chronic hemorrhage and inflammation. Three weeks after surgery, there was complete resolution of the dog's fecal incontinence and moderate improvements in its hind limb function.
Clinical Relevance—Thoracolumbar spinal cord injuries can result in upper motor neuron fecal incontinence in ambulatory dogs. Epidural spinal hematomas may develop secondary to intervertebral disk herniations and cause spinal cord compression resulting in neurologic deficits.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, publisher={American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)}, author={Cerda-Gonzalez, Sofia and Olby, Natasha J.}, year={2006}, month={Jan}, pages={230–235} }
 @article{pease_sullivan_olby_galano_cerda-gonzalez_robertson_gavin_thrall_2006, title={Value of a single-shot turbo spin-echo pulse sequence for assessing the architecture of the subarachnoid space and the constitutive nature of cerebrospinal fluid}, volume={47}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2006.00136.x}, abstractNote={Three case history reports are presented to illustrate the value of the single‐shot turbo spin‐echo pulse sequence for assessment of the subarachnoid space. The use of the single‐shot turbo spin‐echo pulse sequence, which is a heavily T2‐weighted sequence, allows for a rapid, noninvasive evaluation of the subarachnoid space by using the high signal from cerebrospinal fluid. This sequence can be completed in seconds rather than the several minutes required for a T2‐fast spin‐echo sequence. Unlike the standard T2‐fast spin‐echo sequence, a single‐shot turbo spin‐echo pulse sequence also provides qualitative information about the protein and the cellular content of the cerebrospinal fluid, such as in patients with inflammatory debris or hemorrhage in the cerebrospinal fluid. Although the resolution of the single‐shot turbo spin‐echo pulse sequence images is relatively poor compared with more conventional sequences, the qualitative information about the subarachnoid space and cerebrospinal fluid and the rapid acquisition time, make it a useful sequence to include in standard protocols of spinal magnetic resonance imaging.}, number={3}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Pease, A and Sullivan, S and Olby, N and Galano, H and Cerda-Gonzalez, S and Robertson, ID and Gavin, P and Thrall, D}, year={2006}, pages={254–259} }