@article{tuttle_frederico_linder_gunkel_remick_redding_2007, title={Pathological fracture of the ulna due to osteosarcoma in an Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius)}, volume={161}, ISSN={["0042-4900"]}, DOI={10.1136/vr.161.1.30}, abstractNote={OSTEOSARCOMA, a malignant mesenchymal neoplasia originating within bone, occurs only rarely in large animal species (Cotchin 1960, 1977, Pascoe and Summers 1981, Pool 1998). The long bones are the primary site for osteosarcoma in small animals, while in large animals the common sites are generally the skull and mandible (Thorpe and Graham 1934, Pospischil and others 1982, Livesey and Wilkie 1986, Steinberg and George 1989, Plumlee and others 1993, Pool 1998, Perez-Martinez and others 1999), although osteosarcomas have been reported to affect the pelvis, vertebrae, ribs and, rarely, the appendicular skeleton in domestic ruminants and equine species (Heimann 1975, Rosenberger 1975, Livesey and Wilkie 1986, Zaruby and others 1993, Wan and others 1994, Nelson and Baker 1998, Jenner and others 2003). This short communication describes a case of pathological fracture secondary to osteosarcoma in an Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius). A seven-year-old intact female Arabian camel was presented to the North Carolina State University’s College of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Teaching Hospital for evaluation of a left forelimb lameness of three days’ duration. The camel was found at pasture with an acute, non-weight-bearing lameness on the left forelimb, which was swollen in the radiohumeral region. Treatment with butorphanol (0·06 mg/kg orally every 24 hours), diazepam (0·02 mg/kg orally every 24 hours), and a single oral dose of 1·1 mg/kg flunixin meglumine had been administered by the referring veterinarian. The camel had calved eight months previously, and had given birth to one other calf before that, but had no other significant medical history. Upon arrival, the camel was quiet and dull, with a normal rectal temperature (37·7°C, reference range 36·4 to 42°C), tachycardia (88 bpm, reference range 40 to 50 bpm) and tachypnoea (28 breaths/minute, reference range 5 to 12 breaths/minute). Auscultation of the heart and lungs revealed no audible abnormalities. The faeces were soft, and adequate borborygmi were audible in all four abdominal quadrants. The body condition score was 4/9. Severe lameness (grade 4/5) was apparent in the left forelimb, with moderate swelling around the left elbow. Radiographs of the left radiohumeral joint revealed a cranially displaced oblique articular fracture involving the proximal ulna. The fracture line extended from the trochlear notch to the caudal surface of the ulna distal to the olecranon. Slight radiolucencies were noted in the bone at the cranial edge of the fracture (Figs 1, 2). Cranial displacement of the distal radius and ulna had resulted in subluxation of the radiohumeral joint. A complete blood count revealed mild anaemia (packed-cell volume 21 per cent, reference range 24 to 42 per cent) and a regenerative neutrophilia (white blood cell count 19·8 x 103 cells/μl [reference range 2·9 x 103 to 9·7 x 103 cells/μl]; absolute numbers of bands 0·2 x 103 cells/μl [the presence of any bands is considered abnormal]). A serum chemistry panel revealed mildly elevated levels of globulin (46 g/l, reference range 28 to 44 g/l) and gamma glutyltransferase (39·0 iu/l, reference range 0 to 20 iu/l), Veterinary Record (2007) 161, 30-33}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY RECORD}, author={Tuttle, A. D. and Frederico, L. and Linder, K. and Gunkel, C. and Remick, A. and Redding, R.}, year={2007}, month={Jul}, pages={30–33} }
 @article{poulsen_elce_frederico_remick_capucille_2006, title={Atresia coli in an alpaca cria}, volume={158}, ISSN={["0042-4900"]}, DOI={10.1136/vr.158.17.598}, abstractNote={anaesthesia, an anastomosis to treat the atresia would have been extremely difficult because of the length of the atresic portion. Gross postmortem examination revealed no additional abnormal findings, but defined the extent of the atresia (Fig 2). Histopathology was not performed. Congenital anomalies in alpacas are not well described in the literature, nor are they thoroughly understood by veterinarians and alpaca owners. There has been one case of anorectal atresia and rectovaginal fistula in an alpaca in Australia (Carraro and others 1996). This malformation was corrected surgically when the alpaca was a neonate, and the animal was reported to be thriving at nine months of age. Atresia coli is corrected surgically with an end-to-end, side-to-side or end-to-side anastomosis of the proximal blind end of the colon to the descending colon, without removal of the atresic portion of bowel (Smith 1982, Smith and others 1991). The prognosis is poor to fair for animals undergoing surgery, with short-term survival rates of 43 to 71 per cent (Ducharme and others 1988, Constable and others 1989, Atresia coli in an alpaca cria}, number={17}, journal={VETERINARY RECORD}, author={Poulsen, KP and Elce, YA and Frederico, LM and Remick, AK and Capucille, DJ}, year={2006}, month={Apr}, pages={598–599} }
 @article{remick_wood_cann_gee_feiste_kock_cline_2006, title={Histologic and immunohistochemical characterization of spontaneous pituitary adenomas in fourteen cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis)}, volume={43}, ISSN={["1544-2217"]}, DOI={10.1354/vp.43-4-484}, abstractNote={Pituitary adenomas were identified in 14 of 491 (2.9%) cynomolgus macaques evaluated from 1994 to 2004. Cases included male (8) and female (6) cynomolgus macaques ranging from 18 to 32 years of age. Seven of the pituitary adenomas caused gross enlargement of the pituitary gland that was visible on postmortem examination, whereas the remaining 7 were multifocal microadenomas identified on histologic examination. A total of 35 adenomas were identified in the 14 macaques, 6 of which were being treated for diabetes mellitus. Mean (± SD) pituitary weight was 0.31 ±.42 g, compared with 0.07 ±.02 g for 430 historical control animals (P < 0.0001). Immunohistochemical staining for follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, human growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and adrenocorticotropic hormone was applied to pituitary tissue from all cases. Immunostaining revealed 22 of 35 (62.9%) lactotroph adenomas, 5 of 35 (14.3%) plurihormonal cell adenomas, 3 of35 (8.6%) corticotroph adenomas, 2 of35 (5.7%) null cell adenomas, 1 of 35 (2.9%) somatotroph adenomas, 1 of 35 (2.9%) mixed corticotroph-somatotroph adenomas, 1 of 35 (2.9%) mixed lactotroph-corticotroph adenomas, 0 of 35 gonadotroph adenomas, and 0 of 35 thyrotroph adenomas. This study represents the first extensive retrospective case series performed to evaluate the histologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of pituitary adenomas in cynomolgus macaques. our findings indicated that macaque pituitary adenomas frequently had mixed histologic appearance and hormone expression, and that, similar to human pituitary adenomas, prolactin-secreting neoplasms were the most prevalent type.}, number={4}, journal={VETERINARY PATHOLOGY}, author={Remick, A. K. and Wood, C. E. and Cann, J. A. and Gee, M. K. and Feiste, E. A. and Kock, N. D. and Cline, J. M.}, year={2006}, month={Jul}, pages={484–493} }
 @article{tarigo_linder_neel_harvey_remick_grindem_2006, title={What is your diagnosis? Reluctant to dive: coelomic effusion in a frog}, volume={35}, ISSN={["0275-6382"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33750693063&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1111/j.1939-165X.2006.tb00145.x}, abstractNote={An adult female, albino South African Clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) from a research colony at the Biological Resources Facility of the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at North Carolina State University (NCSU) was presented with depression, lethargy, loss of diving reflex, and a distended abdomen. Cytologic examination of coelomic effusion fluid at the NCSU veterinary teaching hospital revealed a mixed population of inflammatory cells, including heterophils and a predominance of large mononuclear cells (macrophages) that often contained intracytoplasmic, negatively-stained, rod-shaped to filamentous organisms consistent with Mycobacterium sp. Ziehl-Neelsen stain revealed bright pink to red, acid-fast organisms with a beaded appearance. Histopathologic findings in tissues obtained at necropsy included marked, multifocal to coalescing, heterophilic, granulomatous and fibrinous coelomitis as well as severe multifocal heterophilic and granulomatous hepatitis, interstitial pneumonia and sinusitis/rhinitis. Slender gram-positive, acid-fast bacterial rods were identified in sections of coelomic pleura, kidneys, nasal cavities, spleen, liver, and pulmonary interstitium, indicative of systemic mycobacteriosis. Based on mycobacterial culture, the organism was identified as M marinum complex. Mycobacteria are variably gram-positive, often acid-fast, small rods that are ubiquitous in aquatic environments. The clinical and pathologic spectrum of disease in amphibians depends on host and pathogen status. Xenopus sp and several other frogs are good models for studying the pathogenesis of M tuberculosis infection. In addition to culture, polymerase chain reaction assays may be used for definitive identification of the organisms; accurate speciation may require further genetic investigation.}, number={3}, journal={VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY}, author={Tarigo, Jaime and Linder, Keith and Neel, Jennifer and Harvey, Stephen and Remick, Amera and Grindem, Carol}, year={2006}, month={Sep}, pages={341–344} }