@article{lee_pascuzzi_settlage_shultz_tanurdzic_rabinowicz_menges_zheng_main_murray_et al._2010, title={Arabidopsis thaliana Chromosome 4 Replicates in Two Phases That Correlate with Chromatin State}, volume={6}, ISSN={1553-7404}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000982}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pgen.1000982}, abstractNote={DNA replication programs have been studied extensively in yeast and animal systems, where they have been shown to correlate with gene expression and certain epigenetic modifications. Despite the conservation of core DNA replication proteins, little is known about replication programs in plants. We used flow cytometry and tiling microarrays to profile DNA replication of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 4 (chr4) during early, mid, and late S phase. Replication profiles for early and mid S phase were similar and encompassed the majority of the euchromatin. Late S phase exhibited a distinctly different profile that includes the remaining euchromatin and essentially all of the heterochromatin. Termination zones were consistent between experiments, allowing us to define 163 putative replicons on chr4 that clustered into larger domains of predominately early or late replication. Early-replicating sequences, especially the initiation zones of early replicons, displayed a pattern of epigenetic modifications specifying an open chromatin conformation. Late replicons, and the termination zones of early replicons, showed an opposite pattern. Histone H3 acetylated on lysine 56 (H3K56ac) was enriched in early replicons, as well as the initiation zones of both early and late replicons. H3K56ac was also associated with expressed genes, but this effect was local whereas replication time correlated with H3K56ac over broad regions. The similarity of the replication profiles for early and mid S phase cells indicates that replication origin activation in euchromatin is stochastic. Replicon organization in Arabidopsis is strongly influenced by epigenetic modifications to histones and DNA. The domain organization of Arabidopsis is more similar to that in Drosophila than that in mammals, which may reflect genome size and complexity. The distinct patterns of association of H3K56ac with gene expression and early replication provide evidence that H3K56ac may be associated with initiation zones and replication origins.}, number={6}, journal={PLoS Genetics}, publisher={Public Library of Science (PLoS)}, author={Lee, Tae-Jin and Pascuzzi, Pete E. and Settlage, Sharon B. and Shultz, Randall W. and Tanurdzic, Milos and Rabinowicz, Pablo D. and Menges, Margit and Zheng, Ping and Main, Dorrie and Murray, James A. H. and et al.}, editor={Copenhaver, Gregory P.Editor}, year={2010}, month={Jun}, pages={e1000982} } @article{shultz_lee_allen_thompson_hanley-bowdoin_2009, title={Dynamic Localization of the DNA Replication Proteins MCM5 and MCM7 in Plants}, volume={150}, ISSN={["1532-2548"]}, DOI={10.1104/pp.109.136614}, abstractNote={AbstractGenome integrity in eukaryotes depends on licensing mechanisms that prevent loading of the minichromosome maintenance complex (MCM2-7) onto replicated DNA during S phase. Although the principle of licensing appears to be conserved across all eukaryotes, the mechanisms that control it vary, and it is not clear how licensing is regulated in plants. In this work, we demonstrate that subunits of the MCM2-7 complex are coordinately expressed during Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) development and are abundant in proliferating and endocycling tissues, indicative of a role in DNA replication. We show that endogenous MCM5 and MCM7 proteins are localized in the nucleus during G1, S, and G2 phases of the cell cycle and are released into the cytoplasmic compartment during mitosis. We also show that MCM5 and MCM7 are topologically constrained on DNA and that the MCM complex is stable under high-salt conditions. Our results are consistent with a conserved replicative helicase function for the MCM complex in plants but not with the idea that plants resemble budding yeast by actively exporting the MCM complex from the nucleus to prevent unauthorized origin licensing and rereplication during S phase. Instead, our data show that, like other higher eukaryotes, the MCM complex in plants remains in the nucleus throughout most of the cell cycle and is only dispersed in mitotic cells.}, number={2}, journal={PLANT PHYSIOLOGY}, author={Shultz, Randall W. and Lee, Tae-Jin and Allen, George C. and Thompson, William F. and Hanley-Bowdoin, Linda}, year={2009}, month={Jun}, pages={658–669} } @misc{shultz_tatineni_hanley-bowdoin_thompson_2007, title={Genome-wide analysis of the core DNA replication machinery in the higher plants Arabidopsis and rice(1[W][OA])}, volume={144}, number={4}, journal={Plant Physiology}, author={Shultz, R. W. and Tatineni, V. M. and Hanley-Bowdoin, L. and Thompson, W. F.}, year={2007}, pages={1697–1714} } @article{shultz_settlage_hanley-bowdoin_thompson_2005, title={A trichloroacetic acid-acetone method greatly reduces infrared autofluorescence of protein extracts from plant tissue}, volume={23}, ISSN={["0735-9640"]}, DOI={10.1007/BF02788888}, number={4}, journal={PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER}, author={Shultz, RW and Settlage, SB and Hanley-Bowdoin, L and Thompson, WF}, year={2005}, month={Dec}, pages={405–409} }