@article{emery_hess_2011, title={Cognitive Consequences of Expressive Regulation in Older Adults}, volume={26}, ISSN={["0882-7974"]}, DOI={10.1037/a0020041}, abstractNote={Previous research has suggested that older and young adults are equally able to regulate their outward expressions of emotion and that the regulation of emotional expression in younger adults results in decreased memory for the emotional stimulus. In the current study, we examined whether older adults show this same memory effect. Older and young adults viewed positive and negative emotional pictures under instructions to view the pictures naturally, enhance their facial expressions, or suppress their facial expressions. Older and young adults showed equivalent outward regulation of expression, but suppressing their emotional expressions led to reduced memory for emotional stimuli only in the young adults. The results suggest that older and young adults are achieving control of their expressions through different mechanisms or strategies.}, number={2}, journal={PSYCHOLOGY AND AGING}, author={Emery, Lisa and Hess, Thomas M.}, year={2011}, month={Jun}, pages={388–396} }
 @article{hess_emery_queen_2009, title={Task Demands Moderate Stereotype Threat Effects on Memory Performance}, volume={64}, ISSN={["1079-5014"]}, DOI={10.1093/geronb/gbp044}, abstractNote={Previous research has demonstrated that older adults' memory performance is adversely affected by the explicit activation of negative stereotypes about aging. In this study, we examined the impact of stereotype threat on recognition memory, with specific interest in (a) the generalizability of previously observed effects, (b) the subjective experience of memory, and (c) the moderating effects of task demands. Older participants subjected to threat performed worse than did those in a nonthreat condition but only when performance constraints were high (i.e., memory decisions had to be made within a limited time frame). This effect was reflected in the subjective experience of memory, with participants in this condition having a lower ratio of "remember" to "know" responses. The absence of threat effects when constraints were minimal provides important boundary information regarding stereotype influences on memory performance.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES B-PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES}, author={Hess, Thomas M. and Emery, Lisa and Queen, Tara L.}, year={2009}, month={Jun}, pages={482–486} }
 @article{watson_michael w. o'hara_chmielewski_mcdade-montez_koffel_naragon_stuart_2008, title={Further validation of the IDAS: Evidence of convergent, discriminant, criterion, and incremental validity}, volume={20}, ISSN={["1939-134X"]}, DOI={10.1037/a0012570}, abstractNote={The authors explicated the validity of the Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms (IDAS; D. Watson et al., 2007) in 2 samples (306 college students and 605 psychiatric patients). The IDAS scales showed strong convergent validity in relation to parallel interview-based scores on the Clinician Rating version of the IDAS; the mean convergent correlations were .51 and .62 in the student and patient samples, respectively. With the exception of the Well-Being Scale, the scales also consistently demonstrated significant discriminant validity. Furthermore, the scales displayed substantial criterion validity in relation to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) mood and anxiety disorder diagnoses in the patient sample. The authors identified particularly clear and strong associations between (a) major depression and the IDAS General Depression, Dysphoria and Well-Being scales, (b) panic disorder and IDAS Panic, (c) posttraumatic stress disorder and IDAS Traumatic Intrusions, and (d) social phobia and IDAS Social Anxiety. Finally, in logistic regression analyses, the IDAS scales showed significant incremental validity in predicting several DSM-IV diagnoses when compared against the Beck Depression Inventory-II (A. T. Beck, R. A. Steer, & G. K. Brown, 1996) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (A. T. Beck & R. A. Steer, 1990).}, number={3}, journal={PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT}, author={Watson, David and Michael W. O'Hara and Chmielewski, Michael and McDade-Montez, Elizabeth A. and Koffel, Erin and Naragon, Kristin and Stuart, Scott}, year={2008}, month={Sep}, pages={248–259} }
 @article{emery_hess_2008, title={Viewing instructions impact emotional memory differently in older and young adults}, volume={23}, ISSN={["1939-1498"]}, DOI={10.1037/0882-7974.23.1.2}, abstractNote={The current study examines how the instructions given during picture viewing impact age differences in incidental emotional memory. Previous research has suggested that older adults' memory may be better when they make emotional rather than perceptual evaluations of stimuli and that their memory may show a positivity bias in tasks with open-ended viewing instructions. Across two experiments, participants viewing photographs either received open-ended instructions or were asked to make emotionally focused (Experiment 1) or perceptually focused (Experiment 2) evaluations. Emotional evaluations had no impact on older adults' memory, whereas perceptual evaluations reduced older adults' recall of emotional, but not of neutral, pictures. Evidence for the positivity effect was sporadic and was not easier to detect with open-ended viewing instructions. These results suggest that older adults' memory is best when the material to be remembered is emotionally evocative and they are allowed to process it as such.}, number={1}, journal={PSYCHOLOGY AND AGING}, author={Emery, Lisa and Hess, Thomas M.}, year={2008}, month={Mar}, pages={2–12} }
 @article{emery_myerson_hale_2007, title={Age differences in item manipulation span: The case of letter-number sequencing}, volume={22}, ISSN={["0882-7974"]}, DOI={10.1037/0882-7974.22.1.75}, abstractNote={The authors report 2 experiments in which they examined age differences in working memory tasks involving complex item manipulation (i.e., letter-number sequencing). In Experiment 1, age differences on tasks involving item manipulation were not greater than age differences on tasks requiring recall of items in the order in which they appeared, suggesting that older adults do not have difficulty with item manipulation per se. In Experiment 2, slower presentation rates increased age differences in item manipulation spans, although age differences at the fastest rate may be attributed to differences in strategy use. In both experiments, age differences were largest when participants were most likely to be remembering familiar sequences, suggesting that older adults may have difficulties dampening the representations of such sequences once they are activated.}, number={1}, journal={PSYCHOLOGY AND AGING}, author={Emery, Lisa and Myerson, Joel and Hale, Sandra}, year={2007}, month={Mar}, pages={75–83} }
 @article{emery_myerson_hale_2006, title={Saying versus touching: Age differences in short-term memory are affected by the type of response}, volume={61}, ISSN={["1079-5014"]}, DOI={10.1093/geronb/61.6.P366}, abstractNote={We examined whether the type of response used to report items recalled from short-term memory affects the age difference in verbal and spatial memory spans. Younger and older adults viewed either a series of letters or a series of locations in a grid, and then they reported their memory for the items either vocally or by using a touch screen. Overall, age differences were larger for spatial memory spans than for verbal memory spans, replicating previous results. Changing the response modality affected only older adults' verbal spans, which were approximately one item higher with a vocal response than with a manual response. This resulted in a smaller age difference for verbal items reported vocally than for any other condition. The results can best be explained by age-related difficulties in both spatial processing and in dealing with stimulus-response incongruity.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES B-PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES}, author={Emery, Lisa and Myerson, Joel and Hale, Sandra}, year={2006}, month={Nov}, pages={P366–P368} }