@article{tavabe_rafiee_frinsko_daniels_2017, title={Comparing Na/K-ATPase activity of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) larvae at specific developmental stages, using different sodium vs potassium and calcium vs magnesium concentrations, and sodium potassium adsorption ratio (SPAR) mediums}, volume={479}, ISSN={["1873-5622"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.07.001}, abstractNote={The present study analyzed the Na/K-ATPase activity (μmol ADP/mg protein/h) of Macrobrachium rosenbergii larvae at specific developmental stages using different environmental concentrations of sodium vs potassium and calcium vs magnesium, for pairwise comparison. In addition, we also compared the effect of various sodium potassium adsorption ratio (SPAR) mediums to Na/K-ATPase activity. The first experiment compared the effect of sodium concentrations (4000 and 5000 ppm) vs potassium concentrations (150 and 200 ppm), while the second experiment compared the effect of calcium concentrations (180 and 240 ppm) vs magnesium concentrations (300 and 400 ppm), as in pairwise combination on the Na/K-ATPase activity. The third experiment compared Na/K-ATPase activity for various SPAR mediums (20, 30, 40 and 50). Larval condition index (LCI), larval dry weight and percent survival were determined at the 1st, 4th, 7th and 11th stages for each experiment. For each experimental treatment, triplicate 80-l closed-loop RAS systems were used. Initial larvae stocking density was 300 larvae l− 1. For each container, a 40 mg batch of larvae was collected at each of the 4 larval stages to analyze Na/K-ATPase activity and LCI. These results revealed that at the 1st and 4th larval stages both sodium and potassium independently and in combination, affected (P < 0.05) Na/K-ATPase activity. However, at the 7th stage, enzyme activity was confirmed only among the treatments, independently. At the 11th stage, enzyme activity was demonstrated among the combined treatments, in addition to potassium, alone. Calcium and magnesium only showed larval Na/K-ATPase activity independently at the 1st and 4th larval stages. Results also showed that at the 1st and 4th larval stages, Na/K-ATPase activity was significantly higher for SPAR 20 but, at the 7th and 11th stages the enzyme activity was significantly higher at both SPAR 20 and 30. Accordingly, our findings have demonstrated that, Na/K-ATPase activity is highly variable during M. rosenbergii larval development and that it is mainly affected by interactions of common environmental macro-elements involved in larval osmoregulation. As such, we recommend M. rosenbergii hatcheries to operate as close as possible to SPAR 30 for early larval development and SPAR 40 for later larval development.}, journal={AQUACULTURE}, author={Tavabe, Kamran Rezaei and Rafiee, Gholamreza and Frinsko, Michael and Daniels, Harry}, year={2017}, month={Oct}, pages={619–625} }
 @article{tavabe_rafiee_shoeiry_houshmandi_frinsko_daniels_2015, title={Effects of Water Hardness and Calcium: Magnesium Ratios on Reproductive Performance and Offspring Quality of Macrobrachium rosenbergii}, volume={46}, ISSN={["1749-7345"]}, DOI={10.1111/jwas.12217}, abstractNote={This study evaluated the effect of specific calcium and magnesium ratios at two hardness values on reproductive performance and offspring quality of Macrobrachium rosenbergii brood-females. Hatchery water containing 110.5 mg/L CaCO3 hardness was considered baseline as it has been used successfully to hatch and rear larvae and was used as the control treatment. At each hardness value of 150 and 190 mg/L CaCO3, four experimental water treatments were made in triplicate. Each treatment was adjusted using soluble salts (CaCl2·H2O, MgSO4·7H2O, and MgCl2·6H2O) to provide the hardness and calcium to magnesium ratios of 0:20, 20:80, 50:50, and 80:20 needed. Each of the experimental tanks (140 L) were stocked with six females and one male. The results indicated that both hardness and Ca:Mg ratios affect brood-female reproductive qualitative parameters such as intermolt period, egg hatchability, egg dry weight, and egg-clutch somatic index (ESI) parameters (P < 0.05) but not fecundity and eggs per spawn. The results revealed that brood-females at 150 mg/L hardness showed greater reproductive performance than at 190 and 110.5 mg/L hardness. The findings also demonstrated that the treatment 50Ca50Mg at 150 mg/L hardness with 38.8 mg/L calcium and 12.9 mg/L magnesium had optimum reproductive performance and offspring quality for M. rosenbergii brood-females.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY}, author={Tavabe, Kamran Rezaei and Rafiee, Gholamreza and Shoeiry, Mohammad Mehdi and Houshmandi, Shadab and Frinsko, Michael and Daniels, Harry}, year={2015}, month={Oct}, pages={519–530} }
 @article{rafiee_tavabe_frinsko_daniels_2015, title={Effects of various sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) mediums on larval performance of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man)}, volume={46}, ISSN={["1365-2109"]}, DOI={10.1111/are.12219}, abstractNote={AbstractThe sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) is used to describethe ratio of sodium to calcium and magnesium inwater that is very important in both aquacultureand agriculture. SAR treatments including of 20, 30,40, 50 and 60 were adjusted in 10-L containers. Ini-tial larval density was fixed at 100 larvae L 1 andduring the culture period, various larval qualityparameters were evaluated. Our findings illustratedthat at initial stages of larval development, differentSAR treatments affected the larval condition index(LCI), but no influences on larval stage index (LSI)were apparent. Importantly, this process at the finallarval stages became reversed. In addition, survivalat SAR 30 was 12.4% greater than among any othertreatments. The highest larval resistance to stress(191 5 ppm), as measured by the 24-h LC 50 for-malin test also was observed for SAR 30, at the 11thlarval stage. Analysis indicated that calcium absorp-tion during larval developmental stages is affected bySAR levels in the environment and also showed thatthe optimal SAR treatment was 30 for Macrobrachi-um rosenbergii larviculture in inland hatchery brack-ish water. According to our findings and desired SARfor the environment and agricultural soil (<15),effluent of M. rosenbergii inland hatcheries must betreated at least two times by dilution and addingcalcium and magnesium salts.Keywords: Macrobrachium rosenbergii, sodiumadsorption ratio, larval stage index, larval condi-tion index, larvicultureIntroductionThe freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii isa classic example of an aquatic species that hasbecome widely cultured because of its suitabilityfor commercialization. By 2009, global productionhad risen to 229 419 t, more than 80 times asmuch as in 1980. Presently, commercial prawnproduction continues to climb in nearly all coun-tries currently engaged in its culture (FAO Fisher-ies & Aquaculture Department 2011; New & Nair2012). This is due to a number of factors relatedto its ease of production, including the use oforganic fertilization strategies instead of expensivecomplete diets, general tolerance to low waterquality conditions and overall ease in nurseryproduction (Cavalli, Lavens & Sorgeloos 1999).However, some critical challenges do remain, espe-cially in the larviculture phase, related to both sur-vival and overall larval quality (Bart & Yen 2003).The larval phase of M. rosenbergii is fairlyunique among crustaceans. The 11-stage processis completed entirely in brackish water, whereasits other life cycle stages occur principally in fresh-water. Damrongphol, Jaroensastraraks and Pool-sanguan (2001) indicated that ionic requirementsof newly hatched M. rosenbergii larvae differedfrom that of developing embryos. Although maxi-mal growth of an aquatic organism would beassumed to occur in isosmotic media, research hasdemonstrated that this principle is not true for thegiant freshwater prawn. It was found (Singh1980) that M. rosenbergii actually had maximumgrowth occur in environmental conditions lower}, number={3}, journal={AQUACULTURE RESEARCH}, author={Rafiee, Gholamreza and Tavabe, Kamran Rezaei and Frinsko, Michael and Daniels, Harry}, year={2015}, month={Mar}, pages={725–735} }
 @article{tavabe_rafiee_frinsko_daniels_2015, title={Interactions of different sodium and potassium concentrations on Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) offspring quality parameters}, volume={46}, ISSN={["1365-2109"]}, DOI={10.1111/are.12414}, abstractNote={The present study evaluated various sodium and potassium concentrations in hatchery water to determine which proportions would be optimal for Macrobrachium rosenbergii larviculture. Using a closed RAS system (60-L), experiments were conducted in two stages. In the first stage, larval quality parameters were compared among triplicate treatments of sodium (2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 mg L−1) and potassium (100, 150, 200 and 250 mg L−1). During the second stage, these same parameters were compared from interactions of the two best concentrations determined in the first stage. Initial larval density was fixed at 100 larvae L−1 and larval quality parameters such as larval stage index (LSI), larval condition index (LCI), larvae dry weight, survival (%), LC50-24 h for formalin stress and time of the first postlarvae (PL) appearance were measured. Results showed that during the early larval period time LSI, LCI and survival parameters were affected only by potassium and the interaction with sodium was not significant. At a later period of the larval development, interactions between both sodium and potassium were measurable for LSI (P < 0.05) while the interactions on LCI and survival were not significant. Measurable differences among the combined treatments 4000 mg L−1 sodium and 150 mg L−1 potassium resulted in the best performance for M. rosenbergii larviculture. This concentration also provided the highest final survival to PL metamorphosis (40.6 ± 2.5%) which was at least 10% higher than the other treatments.}, number={11}, journal={AQUACULTURE RESEARCH}, author={Tavabe, Kamran Rezaei and Rafiee, Gholamreza and Frinsko, Michael and Daniels, Harry}, year={2015}, month={Nov}, pages={2615–2627} }
 @article{tavabe_rafiee_frinsko_daniels_2013, title={Effects of different calcium and magnesium concentrations separately and in combination on Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) larviculture}, volume={412}, ISSN={["1873-5622"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.07.023}, abstractNote={The optimum concentrations of calcium and magnesium for the combinations tested in hatchery water for Macrobrachium rosenbergii larviculture were evaluated. Experiments were conducted in two stages: in the first, triplicate treatments of calcium (120, 180, 240 and 300 ppm) and magnesium (300, 400, 500 and 600 ppm) were separately evaluated in a closed recirculating system (60-l). During the second stage, combinations of the two best calcium and magnesium concentrations determined in the first stage were compared. This stage used a static system (10-l) with minimal water exchange. In both stages, initial larval density was fixed at 100 larvae l− 1 and larval stage index, larvae dry weight, survival and time of the first postlarvae appearance were the determined parameters. The results of the first stage revealed that increasing concentrations of Ca and Mg showed a non-linear and a linear response respectively. According to these results, concentrations of 180 and 240 ppm calcium and concentrations at 300 and 400 ppm of magnesium were evaluated during the second stage of the investigation. In this stage, the results showed that after the 6th stage of larval development, interactions between both calcium and magnesium affected (P < 0.05) the larval quality parameters. The combination of these factors showed that a balance of 240 ppm calcium and 300 ppm magnesium with Mg/Ca ratio about 1.25 are optimal for larviculture. This balance at 30 days post hatch showed the highest larvae survival (40 ± 2.6%) at least 15.4% higher than the other treatments.}, journal={AQUACULTURE}, author={Tavabe, Kamran Rezaei and Rafiee, Gholamreza and Frinsko, Michael and Daniels, Harry}, year={2013}, month={Nov}, pages={160–166} }
 @article{yang_frinsko_chen_wang_hu_gao_2012, title={Current status of the giant freshwater prawn ( Macrobrachium rosenbergii) industry in China, with special reference to live transportation}, volume={43}, number={7}, journal={Aquaculture Research}, author={Yang, G. L. and Frinsko, M. and Chen, X. F. and Wang, J. Y. and Hu, G. and Gao, Q.}, year={2012}, pages={1049–1055} }
 @article{frinsko_2012, title={Harvesting, post-harvest handling and live-transport of freshwater prawns in the United States}, volume={43}, number={7}, journal={Aquaculture Research}, author={Frinsko, M. O.}, year={2012}, pages={1056–1063} }
 @article{woods_gamperl_barry_frinsko_2008, title={Physiological insights towards improving fish culture}, volume={70}, number={2}, journal={North American Journal of Aquaculture}, author={Woods, L. C. and Gamperl, K. and Barry, T. P. and Frinsko, M.}, year={2008}, pages={195–195} }