@article{willcox_pruitt_suter_2012, title={Autologous peripheral blood hematopoietic cell transplantation in dogs with B-cell lymphoma}, volume={26}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine}, author={Willcox, J. L. and Pruitt, A. and Suter, S. E.}, year={2012}, pages={1155–1163} }
 @article{rechner_weeks_pruitt_2011, title={Total skin electron therapy technique for the canine patient}, volume={52}, number={3}, journal={Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound}, author={Rechner, K. N. and Weeks, K. J. and Pruitt, A. F.}, year={2011}, pages={345–352} }
 @article{williams_pruitt_thrall_2010, title={CHEMOTHERAPY FOLLOWED BY ABDOMINAL CAVITY IRRADIATION FOR FELINE LYMPHOBLASTIC LYMPHOMA}, volume={51}, ISSN={["1058-8183"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2010.01723.x}, abstractNote={Combination chemotherapy is standard care for feline lymphoma, although clinically relevant improvements in remission duration are unlikely to result from manipulations of chemotherapy agents alone. Lymphopoietic tissues generally are sensitive to radiation, and support for chemoradiotherapy as a treatment for lymphoma is found in both humans and dogs. The goal of this prospective pilot study was to determine the normal tissue tolerance to 15 Gy total abdomen fractionated radiation therapy following induction chemotherapy in cats with lymphoblastic lymphoma. Eight cats with lymphoblastic gastrointestinal or multicentric lymphoma confined to the abdominal cavity were treated with a 6-week combination chemotherapy protocol followed 2 weeks later by whole-abdomen radiation therapy consisting of 10 daily fractions of 1.5 Gy. Treatment was well tolerated; renal insufficiency documented in one cat at the start of radiation therapy progressed to stable chronic renal failure. One cat not in complete remission at the time of radiation therapy relapsed 2 weeks later, one cat with multicentric lymphoma relapsed with hepatic large granular lymphoma, and one cat was euthanatized 3 weeks following completion of radiation therapy for other reasons; no evidence of lymphoma or radiation toxicoses was identified on post mortem evaluation. The remaining five cats remain in remission at least 266 days after starting therapy; median remission duration has not been reached (range, > 266 to > 1332 days). Results of this study suggest that 15 Gy total abdomen fractionated radiation therapy after induction chemotherapy is tolerated satisfactorily. This protocol is suitable for further testing to quantify efficacy.}, number={6}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Williams, Laurel E. and Pruitt, Amy F. and Thrall, Donald E.}, year={2010}, pages={681–687} }
 @article{stringer_de voe_valea_toma_mulvaney_pruitt_troan_loomis_2010, title={Medical and surgical management of reproductive neoplasia in two western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)}, volume={39}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Medical Primatology}, author={Stringer, E. M. and De Voe, R. S. and Valea, F. and Toma, S. and Mulvaney, G. and Pruitt, A. and Troan, B. and Loomis, M. R.}, year={2010}, pages={328–335} }
 @article{gerard_pruitt_thrall_2010, title={RADIATION THERAPY COMMUNICATION: NASAL PASSAGE AND PARANASAL SINUS LYMPHOMA IN A PONY}, volume={51}, ISSN={["1058-8183"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2009.01630.x}, abstractNote={An aged pony with extensive paranasal sinus and nasal passage B‐cell lymphoma was treated with palliative radiation therapy. Sixteen gray were administered in two fractions, 7 days apart. A lateral field was used for the first fraction and a dorsal field for the second. Because of tumor being present in the left frontal sinus, gross tumor was knowingly excluded from the treated volume in the lateral field. The tumor regressed within 2 months and the pony remained free of clinical disease for 2.5 years. Acute, temporary blindness developed shortly after the second radiation fraction, but a direct causal relationship with the radiation therapy was not confirmed. The only radiation side effect was leukotrichia. Palliative treatment was successful in improving and prolonging the quality of life. These results suggest that localized equine B‐cell lymphoma is radiosensitive, and that palliative radiation therapy is a reasonable consideration for large tumors, even when tumor volume prevents all gross tumor from being irradiated.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Gerard, Mathew and Pruitt, Amy and Thrall, Donald E.}, year={2010}, pages={97–101} }
 @article{benoit_pruitt_thrall_2009, title={EFFECT OF WETNESS LEVEL ON THE SUITABILITY OF WET GAUZE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR SUPERFLAB((R)) AS A BOLUS MATERIAL FOR USE WITH 6 MV PHOTONS}, volume={50}, ISSN={["1058-8183"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2009.01573.x}, abstractNote={Despite the availability of commercial tissue equivalent bolus material, wet gauze has an application in radiation therapy to provide superior conformance to irregular contours. Wet gauze bolus has the potential to reduce air gaps between the bolus and surface, which could decrease surface dose if sufficiently large to disrupt electronic equilibrium. Wet gauze bolus is often fabricated and wetness judged qualitatively. We assessed the effect of specific gauze wetness levels, quantified in terms of physical density, at various field sizes with respect to their effectiveness as bolus material compared with Superflab®. For large fields, >7 × 7 cm2 in this study, wet gauze sponges with a physical density of 1.02 g/cm3 performed essentially identical to Superflab®; at a smaller field size the wet gauze was slightly less effective, likely due to the heterogeneity of the gauze‐water matrix. Gauze that was wetter, with a physical density of 1.2 g/cm3, or less wet, with a physical density of 0.75 g/cm3 was not as effective either due to enhanced photon absorption in the wetter sponges, or less effective establishment of electronic equilibrium in the less wet sponges. The presence of an air gap under Superflab® led to reduced surface dose, especially for small fields and large air gaps. Thus, if Superflab® use leads to poor contact with the skin, wet gauze having a physical density of 1.02 g/cm3 can be used as a substitute. Judging the water content of wet gauze subjectively is not acceptable as over‐ or under wetness can lead to decreased effectiveness of the bolus material.}, number={5}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Benoit, Jerome and Pruitt, Amy F. and Thrall, Donald E.}, year={2009}, pages={555–559} }
 @article{shiomitsu_johnson_malarkey_pruitt_thrall_2009, title={Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor in malignant canine epithelial nasal tumours}, volume={7}, ISSN={["1476-5829"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1476-5829.2009.00178.x}, abstractNote={Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signalling pathways play a role in carcinogenesis. Inhibition of EGF receptor (EGFR) and of VEGF is effective in increasing the radiation responsiveness of neoplastic cells both in vitro and in human trials. In this study, immunohistochemical evaluation was employed to determine and characterize the potential protein expression levels and patterns of EGFR and VEGF in a variety of canine malignant epithelial nasal tumours. Of 24 malignant canine nasal tumours, 13 (54.2%) were positive for EGFR staining and 22 (91.7%) were positive for VEGF staining. The intensity and percentage of immunohistochemically positive neoplastic cells for EGFR varied. These findings indicate that EGFR and VEGF proteins were present in some malignant epithelial nasal tumours in the dogs, and therefore, it may be beneficial to treat canine patients with tumours that overexpress EGFR and VEGF with specific inhibitors in conjunction with radiation.}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY AND COMPARATIVE ONCOLOGY}, author={Shiomitsu, K. and Johnson, C. L. and Malarkey, D. E. and Pruitt, A. F. and Thrall, D. E.}, year={2009}, month={Jun}, pages={106–114} }
 @article{arthur_kleiter_thrall_pruitt_2008, title={Characterization of normal tissue complications in 51 dogs undergoing definitive pelvic region irradiation}, volume={49}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2007.00322.x}, abstractNote={Our objective was to further characterize the late normal tissue complications developing after definitive irradiation of pelvic region tumors in dogs, and to search for prognostic factors. The medical records of dogs receiving definitive irradiation of the pelvic region between 1987 and 2005 were reviewed. The following criteria were established for inclusion: total dose ≥45 Gy, a portion of colon in the primary field, and a minimum of 6 months follow‐up. Fifty‐one dogs were identified. Prognostic factors evaluated included multiple descriptors of the patient, tumor and radiation treatment. One or more late complications were documented in 20 of 51 patients (39%). Complications were necrotic drainage/ulceration in the skin and subcutaneous tissues within the radiation field (n=7), chronic colitis (n=4), strictures (n=4), osteopenia (n=2), and one each rectal perforation, urinary bladder thickening, iliosacral osteosarcoma, pelvic limb edema, and perianal pain. Two prognostic factors were identified. There was an increase in complications in dogs with perineal tumors compared with other pelvic region sites (P=0.04), and also in dogs with larger radiation fields (P=0.04). The finding of an association of tumor site to complications may be a spurious finding and the association between field size and complications is not unexpected although absolute difference in field size between dogs with and without complications was small. There was no association between development of complications and survival. Based on the observed complication rate, consideration can be given to reducing dose per fraction in dogs receiving definitive pelvic region irradiation to <3 Gy.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Arthur, Jennifer J. and Kleiter, Miriam M. and Thrall, Donald E. and Pruitt, Amy F.}, year={2008}, pages={85–89} }
 @article{siddiqui_li_larue_poulson_avery_pruitt_zhang_ullrich_thrall_dewhirst_et al._2007, title={A phase I trial of hyperthermia-induced interleukin-12 gene therapy in spontaneously arising feline soft tissue sarcomas}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1535-7163"]}, DOI={10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-06-0342}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={MOLECULAR CANCER THERAPEUTICS}, author={Siddiqui, Farzan and Li, Chuan-Yuan and LaRue, Susan M. and Poulson, Jean M. and Avery, Paul R. and Pruitt, Amy F. and Zhang, Xiuwu and Ullrich, Robert L. and Thrall, Donald E. and Dewhirst, Mark W. and et al.}, year={2007}, month={Jan}, pages={380–389} }
 @article{lyons_thrall_pruitt_2007, title={Comparison of isodose distributions in canine brain in heterogeneity-corrected versus uncorrected treatment plans using 6 MV photons}, volume={48}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2007.00245.x}, abstractNote={Magnetic resonance (MR) images may be useful for radiation planning due to greater contrast resolution. One disadvantage of MR images for radiation planning is the inability to incorporate electron density information into the dose calculation algorithm. To assess the magnitude of this problem, we evaluated radiation dose distribution in canine brain by comparing computed tomography (CT)‐based radiotherapy plans with and without electron density correction. Computerized radiotherapy plans were generated for 13 dogs with brain tumors using 6 MV photons. A tissue‐contouring program was used to outline the gross tumor volume (GTV) and the planning target volume (PTV) for each patient. Two treatment plans were generated for each dog. First, the plan was optimized without heterogeneity correction. Then the heterogeneity correction was implemented without changing any other plan parameters. Isodose distributions and dose volume histograms (DVHs) were used to compare the two plans. The D95 (dose delivered to 95% of the volume) within the PTV was calculated for each treatment plan and differences in the D95s were compared. The mean D95s without and with heterogeneity correction were 49.1±0.7 and 48.9±1.0Gy, respectively. The absolute mean percent dose difference without and with heterogeneity correction was 1.0±0.9% (−1.3–3.2%) and was not considered to be clinically significant. We found no clinically significant difference between CT‐based radiotherapy plans without and with heterogeneity correction for brain tumors in small animals, which supports the use of MR‐based treatment planning for radiotherapy of small animal brain tumors.}, number={3}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Lyons, J. and Thrall, D. E. and Pruitt, A. F.}, year={2007}, pages={292–296} }
 @article{thrall_larue_pruitt_case_dewhirst_2006, title={Changes in tumour oxygenation during fractionated hyperthermia and radiation therapy in spontaneous canine sarcomas}, volume={22}, ISSN={["0265-6736"]}, DOI={10.1080/02656730600836386}, abstractNote={Tumour oxygenation was measured in seven canine soft tissue sarcomas being treated with a fractionated course of radiation and hyperthermia. Measurements obtained during treatment were compared to pre-treatment measurements. The most important finding was an increase in oxygenation in tumours with low pre-treatment oxygenation that persisted throughout treatment. This is an advantageous hyperthermia effect as it may lead to increased radiation cell killing at each fraction. In other tumours, potentially less advantageous changes in oxygenation may be hyperthermia fractionation related and this deserves further investigation.}, number={5}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYPERTHERMIA}, author={Thrall, D. E. and Larue, S. M. and Pruitt, A. F. and Case, B. and DeWhirst, M. W.}, year={2006}, month={Aug}, pages={365–373} }
 @article{hauck_larue_petros_poulson_yu_spasojevic_pruitt_klein_case_thrall_et al._2006, title={Phase I trial of doxorubicin-containing low temperature sensitive liposomes in spontaneous canine tumors}, volume={12}, ISSN={["1078-0432"]}, DOI={10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-0226}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={13}, journal={CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH}, author={Hauck, Marlene L. and LaRue, Susan M. and Petros, William P. and Poulson, Jean M. and Yu, Daohai and Spasojevic, Ivan and Pruitt, Amy F. and Klein, Allison and Case, Beth and Thrall, Donald E. and et al.}, year={2006}, month={Jul}, pages={4004–4010} }
 @article{thrall_larue_yu_samulski_sanders_case_rosner_azuma_poulson_pruitt_et al._2005, title={Thermal dose is related to duration of local control in canine sarcomas treated with thermoradiotherapy}, volume={11}, number={14}, journal={Clinical Cancer Research}, author={Thrall, D. E. and Larue, S. M. and Yu, D. H. and Samulski, T. and Sanders, L. and Case, B. and Rosner, G. and Azuma, C. and Poulson, J. and Pruitt, A. F. and et al.}, year={2005}, pages={5206–5214} }
 @article{pruitt_thrall_2004, title={Use of photon fields with noncoincident isocenters to improve homogeneity of dose distribution}, volume={45}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2004.04081.x}, abstractNote={To compare changes in dose distribution in irregularly shaped volumes treated using fields with noncoincident isocenters compared with fields with coincident isocenters. The hypothesis was that use of fields with noncoincident isocenters would result in improved homogeneity of dose distribution. We chose to test the hypothesis in canine nasal tumors because of the increased dorsoventral thickness of the caudal compared with the rostral nasal cavity. Computed tomography images from eight dogs with nasal tumors were selected. A tissue‐contouring program was used to outline contours, including the mandible as a normal tissue structure and the planning target volume (PTV), divided into a rostral and caudal volume. A traditional computerized treatment plan consisting of two parallel‐opposed fields was constructed for each dog. A second treatment plan using a third caudally located field having a different isocenter was constructed for comparison. Dose–volume histograms were generated and compared for each contoured structure in both plans. In all dogs the use of noncoincident fields resulted in increased dose to the ethmoid region through the caudal field. Minimum dose in the caudal tumor PTV increased as well. At the same time, dose delivered to the mandible, prone to develop significant side effects, was lower in all dogs with the use of noncoincident fields, as it was possible to reduce the dose delivered from the ventral field. Use of photon fields with noncoincident isocenters can improve the dose distribution in irregularly shaped volumes in comparison with fields with coincident isocenters. Improved tumor dose distribution was achieved with the addition of a smaller field having a different isocenter.}, number={5}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Pruitt, AF and Thrall, DE}, year={2004}, pages={471–475} }