@article{unfried_rachmatullah_alexander_wiebe_2022, title={An alternative to STEBI-A: validation of the T-STEM science scale}, volume={9}, ISSN={["2196-7822"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-022-00339-x}, DOI={10.1186/s40594-022-00339-x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STEM EDUCATION}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Unfried, Alana and Rachmatullah, Arif and Alexander, Alonzo and Wiebe, Eric}, year={2022}, month={Mar} }
 @article{unfried_faber_stanhope_wiebe_2015, title={The Development and Validation of a Measure of Student Attitudes Toward Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (S-STEM)}, volume={33}, ISSN={0734-2829 1557-5144}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734282915571160}, DOI={10.1177/0734282915571160}, abstractNote={ Using an iterative design along with multiple methodological approaches and a large representative sample, this study presents reliability, validity, and fairness evidence for two surveys measuring student attitudes toward science, technology, engineering, and math (S-STEM) and interest in STEM careers for (a) 4th- through 5th-grade students (Upper Elementary S-STEM) and (b) 6th- through 12th-grade students (Middle/High S-STEM). Findings from exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) suggested the use of a four-factor structure to measure student attitudes toward science, math, engineering/technology, and 21st century skills. Subject matter experts and literature reviews provided evidence of content validity. Reliability levels were high for both versions. Furthermore, both the Upper Elementary S-STEM and Middle/High S-STEM Surveys demonstrated evidence of configural, metric, and scalar invariance across grade levels, races/ethnicities, and genders. The findings support the validity of interpretations and inferences made from scores on the instruments’ items and subscales. }, number={7}, journal={Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Unfried, Alana and Faber, Malinda and Stanhope, Daniel S. and Wiebe, Eric}, year={2015}, month={Feb}, pages={622–639} }