@article{popowski_moatti_scull_silkstone_lutz_lópez de juan abad_george_belcher_zhu_mei_et al._2022, title={Inhalable dry powder mRNA vaccines based on extracellular vesicles}, volume={5}, ISSN={2590-2385}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2022.06.012}, DOI={10.1016/j.matt.2022.06.012}, abstractNote={Respiratory diseases are a global burden, with millions of deaths attributed to pulmonary illnesses and dysfunctions. Therapeutics have been developed, but they present major limitations regarding pulmonary bioavailability and product stability. To circumvent such limitations, we developed room-temperature-stable inhalable lung-derived extracellular vesicles or exosomes (Lung-Exos) as mRNA and protein drug carriers. Compared with standard synthetic nanoparticle liposomes (Lipos), Lung-Exos exhibited superior distribution to the bronchioles and parenchyma and are deliverable to the lungs of rodents and nonhuman primates (NHPs) by dry powder inhalation. In a vaccine application, severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) protein encoding mRNA-loaded Lung-Exos (S-Exos) elicited greater immunoglobulin G (IgG) and secretory IgA (SIgA) responses than its loaded liposome (S-Lipo) counterpart. Importantly, S-Exos remained functional at room-temperature storage for one month. Our results suggest that extracellular vesicles can serve as an inhaled mRNA drug-delivery system that is superior to synthetic liposomes.}, number={9}, journal={Matter}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Popowski, Kristen D. and Moatti, Adele and Scull, Grant and Silkstone, Dylan and Lutz, Halle and López de Juan Abad, Blanca and George, Arianna and Belcher, Elizabeth and Zhu, Dashuai and Mei, Xuan and et al.}, year={2022}, month={Sep}, pages={2960–2974} }
 @misc{popowski_dinh_george_lutz_cheng_2021, title={Exosome therapeutics for COVID-19 and respiratory viruses}, volume={2}, ISSN={["2688-268X"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/VIW.20200186}, DOI={10.1002/VIW.20200186}, abstractNote={Respiratory viral diseases are a leading cause of mortality in humans. They have proven to drive pandemic risk due to their complex transmission factors and viral evolution. However, the slow production of effective antiviral drugs and vaccines allows for outbreaks of these diseases, emphasizing a critical need for refined antiviral therapeutics. The delivery of exosomes, a naturally secreted extracellular vesicle, yields therapeutic effects for a variety of diseases, including viral infection. Exosomes and viruses utilize similar endosomal sorting pathways and mechanisms, providing exosomes with the potential to serve as a therapeutic that can target, bind, and suppress cellular uptake of various viruses including the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Here, we review the relationship between exosomes and respiratory viruses, describe potential exosome therapeutics for viral infections, and summarize progress toward clinical translation for lung‐derived exosome therapeutics.}, number={3}, journal={VIEW}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Popowski, Kristen D. and Dinh, Phuong-Uyen C. and George, Arianna and Lutz, Halle and Cheng, Ke}, year={2021}, month={Jun} }
 @misc{popowski_lutz_hu_george_dinh_cheng_2020, title={Exosome therapeutics for lung regenerative medicine}, volume={9}, ISSN={["2001-3078"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1080/20013078.2020.1785161}, DOI={10.1080/20013078.2020.1785161}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Exosomes are 30 to 100 nm extracellular vesicles that are secreted by many cell types. Initially viewed as cellular garbage with no biological functions, exosomes are now recognized for their therapeutic potential and used in regenerative medicine. Cell-derived exosomes are released into almost all biological fluids, making them abundant and accessible vesicles for a variety of diseases. These naturally occurring nanoparticles have a wide range of applications including drug delivery and regenerative medicine. Exosomes sourced from a specific tissue have been proven to provide greater therapeutic effects to their native tissue, expanding exosome sources beyond traditional cell lines such as mesenchymal stem cells. However, standardizing production and passing regulations remain obstacles, due to variations in methods and quantification techniques across studies. Additionally, obtaining pure exosomes at sufficient quantities remains difficult due to the heterogeneity of exosomes. In this review, we will underline the uses of exosomes as a therapy and their roles in lung regenerative medicine, as well as current challenges in exosome therapies.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Popowski, Kristen and Lutz, Halle and Hu, Shiqi and George, Arianna and Dinh, Phuong-Uyen and Cheng, Ke}, year={2020}, month={Jan} }
 @article{dinh_paudel_brochu_popowski_gracieux_cores_huang_hensley_harrell_vandergriff_et al._2020, title={Inhalation of lung spheroid cell secretome and exosomes promotes lung repair in pulmonary fibrosis}, volume={11}, ISSN={["2041-1723"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14344-7}, DOI={10.1038/s41467-020-14344-7}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={NATURE COMMUNICATIONS}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Dinh, Phuong-Uyen C. and Paudel, Dipti and Brochu, Hayden and Popowski, Kristen D. and Gracieux, M. Cyndell and Cores, Jhon and Huang, Ke and Hensley, M. Taylor and Harrell, Erin and Vandergriff, Adam C. and et al.}, year={2020}, month={Feb} }