@article{ethridge_chandra_locke_everman_jordan_owen_leon_2023, title={Changes in the herbicide sensitivity and competitive ability of <i>Abutilon theophrasti</i> over 28 years: Implications for hormesis and weed evolution}, volume={79}, ISSN={1526-498X 1526-4998}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.7604}, DOI={10.1002/ps.7604}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={10}, journal={Pest Management Science}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Ethridge, Sandra R. and Chandra, Saket and Locke, Anna M. and Everman, Wesley J. and Jordan, David L. and Owen, Micheal D.K. and Leon, Ramon G.}, year={2023}, month={Jun}, pages={4048–4056} }
 @article{ramanathan_gannon_locke_everman_2023, title={Characterizing atrazine, mesosulfuron-methyl, and topramezone bioavailability in North Carolina soils using greenhouse bioassays}, volume={6}, ISSN={2639-6696}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20371}, DOI={10.1002/agg2.20371}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={AGROSYSTEMS GEOSCIENCES & ENVIRONMENT}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Ramanathan, Shwetha S. and Gannon, Travis W. and Locke, Anna M. and Everman, Wesley J.}, year={2023}, month={Jun} }
 @article{epie_bauer_stone_locke_2023, title={Density, not tillage, increases soybean protein concentration in some southeastern US environments}, volume={115}, ISSN={0002-1962 1435-0645}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/agj2.21371}, DOI={10.1002/agj2.21371}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={Agronomy Journal}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Epie, Kenedy Etone and Bauer, Philip J. and Stone, Kenneth C. and Locke, Anna M.}, year={2023}, month={Jun}, pages={1867–1876} }
 @article{van den broeck_bhosale_song_fonseca de lima_ashley_zhu_zhu_van de cotte_neyt_ortiz_et al._2023, title={Functional annotation of proteins for signaling network inference in non-model species}, volume={14}, ISSN={2041-1723}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-40365-z}, DOI={10.1038/s41467-023-40365-z}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={Nature Communications}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Van den Broeck, Lisa and Bhosale, Dinesh Kiran and Song, Kuncheng and Fonseca de Lima, Cássio Flavio and Ashley, Michael and Zhu, Tingting and Zhu, Shanshuo and Van De Cotte, Brigitte and Neyt, Pia and Ortiz, Anna C. and et al.}, year={2023}, month={Aug} }
 @article{mathers_heitman_huseth_locke_osmond_woodley_2023, title={No-till imparts yield stability and greater cumulative yield under variable weather conditions in the southeastern USA piedmont}, volume={292}, ISSN={0378-4290}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2023.108811}, DOI={10.1016/j.fcr.2023.108811}, abstractNote={With projected increases in global temperatures and changes in regional climate, understanding the impact of soil management choices on yield stability is critical for farmer decision-making and agricultural resiliency. No-till and conservation tillage have had variable yield effects depending on crop and location, requiring long-term system-specific studies to gauge potential benefits. Yield and weather data from a 28-year tillage study in the southeastern U.S. piedmont region were analyzed to determine the effect of various conservation tillage practices on maize and soybean productivity and stability under a variety of growth conditions. Growing seasons were grouped by soil moisture and temperature during crop growth stages, and mean crop yields and yield coefficient of variation for the tillage treatments were calculated within the year clusters. Probability density estimates were also used to predict the likelihood of obtaining yields at low and high percentiles. No-till and conservation tillage increased maize yields 42–93% and no-till decreased coefficient of variation of maize yields when soil moisture was low by 10–32%, but had a less pronounced effect on soybean yields. However, the probability of reaching the 90th yield percentile was greater in no-till than conventional tillage in both maize and soybean, by 15% and 10%, respectively. Yield differentiation occurred early in the study, before there was likely substantial differentiation of soil properties from tillage treatments. Previous reports from the site have likewise indicated little differentiation in soil health between tillage systems over the life of the study. Results suggest that surface residue management may be an important driver of system performance, possibly more so than overall soil health.}, journal={Field Crops Research}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Mathers, Cara and Heitman, Joshua and Huseth, Anders and Locke, Anna and Osmond, Deanna and Woodley, Alexander}, year={2023}, month={Mar}, pages={108811} }
 @misc{amin_van den broeck_de smet_locke_sozzani_2023, title={Optimal Brain Dissection in Dense Autoencoders: Towards Determining Feature Importance in -Omics Data}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bip60195.2023.10379275}, DOI={10.1109/bip60195.2023.10379275}, abstractNote={Recently, there has been increased interest in ma-chine learning explainability. Understanding the complex relationship between input features of a model and their respective outputs is of increased relevance, especially in biological science. In this paper, we introduce Optimal Brain Dissection (OBD), an innovative methodology designed to examine the importance of first-layer connections in a biology-inspired autoencoder. We incorporated regulator-target interactions within the first autoencoder layer, representing biological regulatory networks, and identified their importance to the reconstruction error, a critical aspect in navigating the complexity of high-dimensional omics data. Through a combination of pruning techniques and counterfactual reasoning, OBD offers a method to quantify feature importance, factoring in both weight magnitude and time-to-laziness. To implement this method, we propose a Dense Autoencoder (DAE) architecture, aiming for increased efficiency and reduced computation. Tailored for omics data, the DAE employs skip concatenations and circumvents non-existent target-target interactions. Our approach aims to understand the relative importance of connections for autoencoder performance, a critical step towards better counter-factual reasoning for neural networks.}, journal={2023 IEEE 5th International Conference on BioInspired Processing (BIP)}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Amin, Fin and Van den Broeck, Lisa and De Smet, Ive and Locke, Anna M. and Sozzani, Rossangela}, year={2023}, month={Nov} }
 @article{ethridge_chandra_everman_jordan_locke_owen_leon_2023, title={Rapid evolution of competitive ability in giant foxtail (<i>Setaria faberi</i>) over 34 years}, volume={71}, ISSN={0043-1745 1550-2759}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2023.1}, DOI={10.1017/wsc.2023.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={Weed Science}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Ethridge, Sandra R. and Chandra, Saket and Everman, Wesley J. and Jordan, David L. and Locke, Anna M. and Owen, Micheal D. K. and Leon, Ramon G.}, year={2023}, month={Jan}, pages={59–68} }
 @article{ethridge_grieger_locke_everman_jordan_leon_2023, title={Views of RNAi approaches for weed management in turfgrass systems}, volume={7}, ISSN={["1550-2759"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2023.37}, DOI={10.1017/wsc.2023.37}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={WEED SCIENCE}, author={Ethridge, Sandra R. and Grieger, Khara and Locke, Anna M. and Everman, Wesley J. and Jordan, David L. and Leon, Ramon G.}, year={2023}, month={Jul} }
 @article{ramanathan_gannon_everman_locke_2022, title={Atrazine, mesosulfuron‐methyl, and topramezone persistence in North Carolina soils}, volume={114}, ISSN={0002-1962 1435-0645}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/agj2.21041}, DOI={10.1002/agj2.21041}, abstractNote={Abstract}, note={title = {Atrazine, mesosulfuron-methyl, and topramezone persistence in North Carolina soils}, journal = {Agronomy Journal}}, number={2}, journal={Agronomy Journal}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Ramanathan, Shwetha S. and Gannon, Travis W. and Everman, Wesley J. and Locke, Anna M.}, year={2022}, month={Mar}, pages={1068–1079} }
 @article{ethridge_locke_everman_jordan_leon_2022, title={Crop physiological considerations for combining variable-density planting to optimize seed costs and weed suppression}, volume={70}, ISSN={0043-1745 1550-2759}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2022.62}, DOI={10.1017/wsc.2022.62}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={Weed Science}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Ethridge, Sandra R. and Locke, Anna M. and Everman, Wesley J. and Jordan, David L. and Leon, Ramon G.}, year={2022}, month={Nov}, pages={687–697} }
 @article{ortiz_de smet_sozzani_locke_2022, title={Field-grown soybean shows genotypic variation in physiological and seed composition responses to heat stress during seed development}, volume={195}, ISSN={0098-8472}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2021.104768}, DOI={10.1016/j.envexpbot.2021.104768}, abstractNote={An average temperature increase between 2.6 and 4.8 °C, along with more frequent extreme temperatures, will challenge crop productivity by the end of the century. To investigate genotypic variation in soybean response to elevated temperature, six soybean (Glycine max) genotypes were subjected to elevated air temperature of + 4.5 °C above ambient for 28 days in open-top field chambers. Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured before and during heating and yield as well as seed composition were evaluated at maturity. Results show that long-term elevated air temperature increased nighttime respiration, increased the maximum velocity of carboxylation by Rubisco, impacted seed protein concentration, and reduced seed oil concentration across genotypes. The genotypes in this study varied in temperature responses for photosynthetic CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, photosystem II operating efficiency, quantum efficiency of CO2 assimilation, and seed protein concentration at maturity. These diverse responses among genotypes to elevated air temperature during seed development in the field, reveal the potential for soybean heat tolerance to be improved through breeding and underlines the importance of identifying efficient selection strategies for stress-tolerant crops.}, journal={Environmental and Experimental Botany}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Ortiz, Anna C. and De Smet, Ive and Sozzani, Rosangela and Locke, Anna M.}, year={2022}, month={Mar}, pages={104768} }
 @article{epie_bauer_stone_locke_2022, title={Nitrogen fertilizer effects on soybean physiology, yield components, seed yield and protein content in the Southeastern United States}, volume={46}, ISSN={0190-4167 1532-4087}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2022.2084106}, DOI={10.1080/01904167.2022.2084106}, abstractNote={Abstract Soybean physiology, seed yield and composition can vary greatly and are a function of genetics, environment, and management practices. N fertilizer is not often applied to soybeans, but it can affect yield and seed composition, and the outcome of N fertilization has varied widely among studies. To test if certain physiological responses might be linked with positive agronomic responses to N fertilizer, a field study was conducted in varied environments unique to the Southeast United States (US). Five genotypes from maturity groups V-VII were evaluated. Although the environment and genotype had significant effects on most of the physiological characteristics and yield components measured, nitrogen application interacted significantly with environment for seed protein concentration, seed oil concentration, yield, and percent of nitrogen derived from the atmosphere in leaves during the seed fill period. The direction of the nitrogen effect on protein concentration differed among environments, increasing protein concentration in one environment and reducing protein concentration in another environment. Nitrogen application effects did not vary among the genotypes included in this study. Photosynthetic and nitrogen fixation responses to nitrogen application were not clearly linked with seed protein concentration response. A tailored nitrogen recommendation for environment is the best option for improving seed protein in this region with diverse environmental conditions.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Plant Nutrition}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Epie, Kenedy Etone and Bauer, Philip J. and Stone, Kenneth C. and Locke, Anna M.}, year={2022}, month={Jul}, pages={462–472} }
 @article{ethridge_locke_everman_jordan_leon_2022, title={Response of Maize, Cotton, and Soybean to Increased Crop Density in Heterogeneous Planting Arrangements}, volume={12}, ISSN={2073-4395}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051238}, DOI={10.3390/agronomy12051238}, abstractNote={The reduction of row spacing and increase of crop population density are important tools for maximizing crop yield. For this strategy to be effective, the crop population should not create intraspecific crop competition that penalizes yield. Thus, planting arrangements that increase light interception throughout the canopy without increasing row spacing might be needed to maintain yield. In this study, heterogeneous planting arrangements on evenly spaced rows were analyzed for maize (Zea mays L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Each crop had four planting arrangements: (1) normal density in all rows, considered the control, (2) doubled density in all rows, (3) a sequential arrangement of normal and tripled densities (each in every other row; NTNT), and (4) normal-tripled-tripled-normal (NTTN). Maize and cotton did not exhibit changes in growth and architecture when comparing uniform and variable planting arrangements. Soybeans were more adaptable and increased biomass production by 44% to 45% in variable arrangements. None of the crops showed differences in yield due to planting arrangement, so the use of rows with different densities might not be needed when using high densities to maximize yield.}, number={5}, journal={Agronomy}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Ethridge, Sandra R. and Locke, Anna M. and Everman, Wesley J. and Jordan, David L. and Leon, Ramon G.}, year={2022}, month={May}, pages={1238} }
 @article{vu_xu_zhu_pan_van zanten_de jong_wang_vanremoortele_locke_van de cotte_et al._2021, title={The membrane-localized protein kinase MAP4K4/TOT3 regulates thermomorphogenesis}, volume={12}, ISSN={2041-1723}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23112-0}, DOI={10.1038/s41467-021-23112-0}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={Nature Communications}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Vu, Lam Dai and Xu, Xiangyu and Zhu, Tingting and Pan, Lixia and van Zanten, Martijn and de Jong, Dorrit and Wang, Yaowei and Vanremoortele, Tim and Locke, Anna M. and van de Cotte, Brigitte and et al.}, year={2021}, month={May} }
 @article{ramos-giraldo_reberg-horton_locke_mirsky_lobaton_2020, title={Drought Stress Detection Using Low-Cost Computer Vision Systems and Machine Learning Techniques}, volume={22}, ISSN={1520-9202 1941-045X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MITP.2020.2986103}, DOI={10.1109/MITP.2020.2986103}, abstractNote={The real-time detection of drought stress has major implications for preventing cash crop yield loss due to variable weather conditions and ongoing climate change. The most widely used indicator of drought sensitivity/tolerance in corn and soybean is the presence or absence of leaf wilting during periods of water stress. We develop a low-cost automated drought detection system using computer vision coupled with machine learning (ML) algorithms that document the drought response in corn and soybeans field crops. Using ML, we predict the drought status of crop plants with more than 80% accuracy relative to expert-derived visual drought ratings.}, number={3}, journal={IT Professional}, publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)}, author={Ramos-Giraldo, Paula and Reberg-Horton, Chris and Locke, Anna M. and Mirsky, Steven and Lobaton, Edgar}, year={2020}, month={May}, pages={27–29} }
 @article{alam_hummel_yeung_locke_ignacio_baltazar_jia_ismail_septiningsih_bailey‐serres_2020, title={Flood resilience loci <i>SUBMERGENCE 1</i> and <i>ANAEROBIC GERMINATION 1</i> interact in seedlings established underwater}, volume={4}, ISSN={2475-4455 2475-4455}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pld3.240}, DOI={10.1002/pld3.240}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={7}, journal={Plant Direct}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Alam, Rejbana and Hummel, Maureen and Yeung, Elaine and Locke, Anna M. and Ignacio, John Carlos I. and Baltazar, Miriam D. and Jia, Zhenyu and Ismail, Abdelbagi M. and Septiningsih, Endang M. and Bailey‐Serres, Julia}, year={2020}, month={Jul} }
 @article{locke_ramirez_2020, title={Increased nitrogen fixation and remobilization may increase seed protein without a yield penalty in a soybean introgression line}, volume={35}, ISSN={1542-7528 1542-7536}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2020.1835771}, DOI={10.1080/15427528.2020.1835771}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Development of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] varieties with high seed protein concentration are hindered by a negative correlation between seed protein and yield. “Benning HP,” a genotype that breaks this tradeoff, contains an introgressed high-protein allele. Field and growth chamber experiments were conducted to identify N flux(es) that enable Benning HP’s increased seed protein without a yield penalty. When the N source was completely controlled, Benning HP could fix more N than its recurrent parent, but this depended on the rhizobium strain and plant developmental stage. In the field, Benning HP remobilized N from its leaves at a higher rate than its recurrent parent during seed fill in only one of the years studied. These results demonstrate that Benning HP has higher potential N fixation and N remobilization from vegetative tissue compared to its lower protein parent, but the expression of those traits may depend on environment and sink control.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Crop Improvement}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Locke, Anna M. and Ramirez, Martha E.}, year={2020}, month={Oct}, pages={486–507} }
 @article{rosas-anderson_sinclair_locke_carter_rufty_2020, title={Leaf gas exchange recovery of soybean from water-deficit stress}, volume={34}, ISSN={1542-7528 1542-7536}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2020.1764429}, DOI={10.1080/15427528.2020.1764429}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT As the risk of drought attributable to climate change increases, the development of high-yielding, drought-adapted cultivars will be critical for minimizing yield losses in crops like soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). In this study, the ability of soybean genotypes to recover transpiration and leaf gas exchange capacity following re-watering from soil drying was investigated. The plants were subjected to controlled water-deficit stress and recovery in growth-chamber experiments. Transpiration was measured on five soybean genotypes and photosynthesis rates on two select genotypes. After water re-supply, transpiration was initially low but increased until a stable rate was reached on day 3, to about 50% to 100% of the rates of reference plants that had not been stressed. The largest difference in maximum transpiration recovery was between the varieties USDA-N8002 and Benning compared to the landrace Geden Shirazu, with Geden Shirazu having the lowest recovery. Photosynthesis and vapor-pressure-deficit response measurements did not show that restricted plant stomatal conductance was responsible for the limitation observed in Geden Shirazu recovery. Since all genotypes showed rapid recovery from water-deficit stress in 3 d, more rapid recovery was not indicated as a major candidate for improving soybean drought tolerance. However, the extent of recovery varied among genotypes and those genotypes that fully recovered to rates of well-watered plants such as Benning and USDA-N8002 would seemingly be advantageous for drought conditions.}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Crop Improvement}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Rosas-Anderson, Pablo and Sinclair, Thomas R. and Locke, Anna and Carter, Thomas E. and Rufty, Thomas W.}, year={2020}, month={May}, pages={785–799} }
 @misc{ramos-giraldo_reberg-horton_mirsky_lobaton_locke_henriquez_zuniga_minin_2020, title={Low-cost Smart Camera System for Water Stress Detection in Crops}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS47125.2020.9278744}, DOI={10.1109/SENSORS47125.2020.9278744}, abstractNote={The availability of easy-to-use, low-cost, and highly scalable tools makes it possible to achieve rapid and widespread adoption of precision agriculture. In this paper we outline the development of a smart camera system to detect drought stress in corn and soybean crops. The system is comprised of a Raspberry Pi Zero W, Raspberry Pi Camera, WittyPi mini, a cooling and solar power system, temperature sensors both inside and outside of the box, and infrared canopy temperature and light sensors. The system was built to collect data in a configurable time frame and has an embedded machine-learning (ML) processing system. The camera was configured using an Internet of Things (IoT) platform to manage the device and send images to the Cloud. One of the challenges for this system was to effectively implement machine learning models on this limited-resource embedded platform. We achieved an accuracy of 74% with the embedded machine learning algorithm when classifying water stress in soybeans.}, journal={2020 IEEE SENSORS}, publisher={IEEE}, author={Ramos-Giraldo, Paula and Reberg-Horton, S. Chris and Mirsky, Steven and Lobaton, Edgar and Locke, Anna M. and Henriquez, Esleyther and Zuniga, Ane and Minin, Artem}, year={2020}, month={Oct} }
 @article{lee_sung_locke_taliercio_whetten_zhang_carter_burton_mian_2019, title={Registration of USDA‐N6003LP Soybean Germplasm with Low Seed Phytate}, volume={13}, ISSN={1936-5209 1940-3496}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3198/jpr2018.09.0064crg}, DOI={10.3198/jpr2018.09.0064crg}, abstractNote={Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] meal is the main source of protein in poultry and swine rations worldwide. Phytate, the main storage form of phosphorous in soybean meal, is largely indigestible by monogastric animals and, thus, a major concern both for nutrition and for environmental pollution. USDA‐N6003LP (Reg. no. GP‐435, PI 689999) is a low‐phytate (LP) determinate, lodging‐resistant early maturity group (MG) VI soybean germplasm developed and released jointly by the USDA‐ARS and the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service. USDA‐N6003LP is derived from a backcross (BC1) between recurrent parent ‘NC‐Roy’ and LP donor line USDA CX1834. NC‐Roy is a high‐yielding MG VI cultivar adapted to the southern United States. USDA‐N6003LP has 60% lower phytate and 4.8 times higher inorganic phosphorus (Pi) contents in its seed than the seed of NC‐Roy. It matures approximately 5 d earlier and has larger seed size and better lodging resistance (P < 0.05) compared with NC‐Roy. Across 17 environments in the USDA Uniform Soybean Tests, Southern States and over four local yield trials in North Carolina, USDA‐N6003LP yielded 91 and 97% of NC‐Roy, respectively. Field emergences of this line in four tests in NC were 79 to 80% compared with 89 to 90% for NC‐Roy. USDA‐N6003LP is the first early MG VI LP germplasm release with good agronomic performance and relatively normal field emergence. It will be useful as parental stock for soybean breeders interested in developing LP soybean cultivars.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Plant Registrations}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Lee, Sungwoo and Sung, Mikyung and Locke, Anna and Taliercio, Earl and Whetten, Rebecca and Zhang, Bo and Carter, Thomas E., Jr. and Burton, Joseph W. and Mian, M. A. Rouf}, year={2019}, month={Sep}, pages={427–432} }
 @article{taliercio_scaboo_baxter_locke_2019, title={The Ionome of a Genetically Diverse Set of Wild Soybean Accessions}, volume={59}, ISSN={0011-183X 1435-0653}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2019.02.0079}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2019.02.0079}, abstractNote={Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] provides oil and protein for fuel, food, and feed around the world. The limited genetic diversity of domesticated soybean threatens future yield and limits breeders' ability to optimize the nutrient composition of soybean. Glycine soja (L.) Merr. is a wild relative of soybean that is substantially more genetically and phenotypically diverse than domesticated soybean. Breeding advances have overcome many of the challenges of breeding with G. soja. Genomics and publicly available marker data facilitated the identification of a genetically diverse core set from the USDA G. soja germplasm collection and allowed the identification of progeny that capture the valuable genetic diversity present in the wild germplasm. Valuable seed composition traits have been identified among wild soybean accessions. We extend these observations to include the seed ionome of 84 wild soybean accessions. Measurement of the concentrations of 19 elements from wild soybean seeds and 13 G. max accessions from multiple environments show that 17 of the element levels have a range of heritabilities and are substantially influenced by the environment. The average concentrations of many elements were higher in the wild soybean than domesticated soybean and also varied among maturity groups. Genetic markers potentially associated with improved mineral composition of Glycine seed have also been identified. This variation may be sufficient to improve mineral content of soy meal. Notably, S concentrations were higher in G. soja, and S levels correlate with total protein levels and S‐containing amino acids. These observations may be used by breeders to improve seed composition of soybean.}, number={5}, journal={Crop Science}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Taliercio, Earl and Scaboo, Andrew and Baxter, Ivan and Locke, Anna M.}, year={2019}, month={Aug}, pages={1983–1991} }
 @article{locke_slattery_ort_2018, title={Field‐grown soybean transcriptome shows diurnal patterns in photosynthesis‐related processes}, volume={2}, ISSN={2475-4455 2475-4455}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pld3.99}, DOI={10.1002/pld3.99}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={12}, journal={Plant Direct}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Locke, Anna M. and Slattery, Rebecca A. and Ort, Donald R.}, year={2018}, month={Dec} }
 @article{locke_barding_sathnur_larive_bailey‐serres_2018, title={Rice SUB1A constrains remodelling of the transcriptome and metabolome during submergence to facilitate post-submergence recovery}, volume={41}, ISSN={0140-7791 1365-3040}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pce.13094}, DOI={10.1111/pce.13094}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={Plant, Cell & Environment}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Locke, Anna M. and Barding, Gregory A., Jr and Sathnur, Sumukh and Larive, Cynthia K. and Bailey‐Serres, Julia}, year={2018}, month={Apr}, pages={721–736} }
 @article{siebers_slattery_yendrek_locke_drag_ainsworth_bernacchi_ort_2017, title={Simulated heat waves during maize reproductive stages alter reproductive growth but have no lasting effect when applied during vegetative stages}, volume={240}, ISSN={0167-8809}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.11.008}, DOI={10.1016/j.agee.2016.11.008}, abstractNote={Due to climate change, heat waves are predicted to become more frequent and severe. While long-term studies on temperature stress have been conducted on important crops such as maize (Zea mays), the immediate or long-term effects of short duration but extreme high temperature events during key developmental periods on physiological and yield parameters are unknown. Therefore, heat waves were applied to field-grown maize in east central Illinois using infrared heating technology. The heat waves warmed the canopy approximately 6 °C above ambient canopy temperatures for three consecutive days during vegetative development (Wv1) and during an early reproductive stage (silking; Wv2). Neither treatment affected aboveground vegetative biomass, and Wv1 did not significantly reduce reproductive biomass. However, Wv2 significantly reduced total reproductive biomass by 16% (p < 0.1) due to significant reductions in cob length (p < 0.1), cob mass (p < 0.05), and husk mass (p < 0.05). Although not statistically significant, seed yield was also reduced by 13% (p = 0.15) and kernel number by 10% (p = 0.16) in the Wv2 treatment. Soil water status was unaffected in both treatments, and leaf water potential and midday photosynthesis were only transiently reduced by heating with complete recovery after the treatment period. Therefore, the reduction in Wv2 reproductive biomass was most likely due to greater sensitivity of reproductive structures to direct effects of high temperature stress.}, journal={Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Siebers, Matthew H. and Slattery, Rebecca A. and Yendrek, Craig R. and Locke, Anna M. and Drag, David and Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. and Bernacchi, Carl J. and Ort, Donald R.}, year={2017}, month={Mar}, pages={162–170} }
 @article{gray_dermody_klein_locke_mcgrath_paul_rosenthal_ruiz-vera_siebers_strellner_et al._2016, title={Intensifying drought eliminates the expected benefits of elevated carbon dioxide for soybean}, volume={2}, ISSN={2055-0278}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nplants.2016.132}, DOI={10.1038/nplants.2016.132}, number={9}, journal={Nature Plants}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Gray, Sharon B. and Dermody, Orla and Klein, Stephanie P. and Locke, Anna M. and McGrath, Justin M. and Paul, Rachel E. and Rosenthal, David M. and Ruiz-Vera, Ursula M. and Siebers, Matthew H. and Strellner, Reid and et al.}, year={2016}, month={Sep} }
 @article{locke_ort_2015, title={Diurnal depression in leaf hydraulic conductance at ambient and elevated [CO2] reveals anisohydric water management in field-grown soybean and possible involvement of aquaporins}, volume={116}, ISSN={0098-8472}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2015.03.006}, DOI={10.1016/j.envexpbot.2015.03.006}, abstractNote={Diurnal cycles of photosynthesis and water use in field-grown soybean (Glycine max) are tied to light intensity and vapor pressure deficit (VPD). At high mid-day VPD, transpiration rates can lead to a decline in leaf water potential (Ψleaf) if leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) is insufficient to supply water to intercellular airspaces in pace with demand. Kleaf is determined by leaf xylem conductivity to water, as well as extra-xylem pathways that are likely mediated by aquaporin water transport proteins. When transpiration demand exceeds the maximum capacity of Kleaf to supply water, high tension in the water column can cause cavitation in xylem, and these emboli-blocked xylem vessels reduce water transport and thus lower Kleaf. Stomatal conductance typically remains high at mid-day for soybean, suggesting either a mid-day increase in Kleaf or that photosynthesis may be maintained at the cost of leaf water status, indicative of an anisohydric water management strategy in soybean. This study examined diurnal fluctuations in Kleaf and Ψleaf, showing a mid-day depression in Kleaf in a pattern closely reflecting that of Ψleaf, indicating that Kleaf depression is the result of cavitation in leaf xylem. The diurnal depression of Kleaf was not prevented by growth at elevated [CO2], which lowered stomatal conductance. Diurnal transcription patterns of aquaporin genes showed that a total of 34 genes belonging to 4 aquaporin families were expressed in soybean leaves, of which 22 were differentially expressed between at least two time points. These data suggest that mid-day Kleaf depression was driven primarily by cavitation at increasing xylem water tensions, but that aquaporins are also likely involved in diurnal regulation of soybean leaf water status. It is further concluded that because soybean photosynthesis is typically sustained at mid-day, Kleaf even at the depressed level was in excess of that needed to sustain a stomatal conductance sufficient to prevent depression of photosynthesis in soybean.}, journal={Environmental and Experimental Botany}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Locke, Anna M. and Ort, Donald R.}, year={2015}, month={Aug}, pages={39–46} }
 @article{siebers_yendrek_drag_locke_rios acosta_leakey_ainsworth_bernacchi_ort_2015, title={Heat waves imposed during early pod development in soybean (<i><scp>G</scp>lycine max</i>) cause significant yield loss despite a rapid recovery from oxidative stress}, volume={21}, ISSN={1354-1013 1365-2486}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12935}, DOI={10.1111/gcb.12935}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={8}, journal={Global Change Biology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Siebers, Matthew H. and Yendrek, Craig R. and Drag, David and Locke, Anna M. and Rios Acosta, Lorena and Leakey, Andrew D. B. and Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. and Bernacchi, Carl J. and Ort, Donald R.}, year={2015}, month={May}, pages={3114–3125} }
 @article{locke_ort_2014, title={Leaf hydraulic conductance declines in coordination with photosynthesis, transpiration and leaf water status as soybean leaves age regardless of soil moisture}, volume={65}, ISSN={1460-2431 0022-0957}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eru380}, DOI={10.1093/jxb/eru380}, abstractNote={Summary Short statement: Field and chamber studies show a decline in leaf hydraulic conductance as soybean leaves age that is independent of decreases in soil moisture.}, number={22}, journal={Journal of Experimental Botany}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Locke, Anna M. and Ort, Donald R.}, year={2014}, month={Oct}, pages={6617–6627} }
 @article{locke_sack_bernacchi_ort_2013, title={Soybean leaf hydraulic conductance does not acclimate to growth at elevated [CO2] or temperature in growth chambers or in the field}, volume={112}, ISSN={1095-8290 0305-7364}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mct143}, DOI={10.1093/aob/mct143}, abstractNote={BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Leaf hydraulic properties are strongly linked with transpiration and photosynthesis in many species. However, it is not known if gas exchange and hydraulics will have co-ordinated responses to climate change. The objective of this study was to investigate the responses of leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) in Glycine max (soybean) to growth at elevated [CO2] and increased temperature compared with the responses of leaf gas exchange and leaf water status.


METHODS
Two controlled-environment growth chamber experiments were conducted with soybean to measure Kleaf, stomatal conductance (gs) and photosynthesis (A) during growth at elevated [CO2] and temperature relative to ambient levels. These results were validated with field experiments on soybean grown under free-air elevated [CO2] (FACE) and canopy warming.


KEY RESULTS
In chamber studies, Kleaf did not acclimate to growth at elevated [CO2], even though stomatal conductance decreased and photosynthesis increased. Growth at elevated temperature also did not affect Kleaf, although gs and A showed significant but inconsistent decreases. The lack of response of Kleaf to growth at increased [CO2] and temperature in chamber-grown plants was confirmed with field-grown soybean at a FACE facility.


CONCLUSIONS
Leaf hydraulic and leaf gas exchange responses to these two climate change factors were not strongly linked in soybean, although gs responded to [CO2] and increased temperature as previously reported. This differential behaviour could lead to an imbalance between hydraulic supply and transpiration demand under extreme environmental conditions likely to become more common as global climate continues to change.}, number={5}, journal={Annals of Botany}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Locke, Anna M. and Sack, Lawren and Bernacchi, Carl J. and Ort, Donald R.}, year={2013}, month={Jul}, pages={911–918} }
 @article{rosenthal_locke_khozaei_raines_long_ort_2011, title={Over-expressing the C3 photosynthesis cycle enzyme Sedoheptulose-1-7 Bisphosphatase improves photosynthetic carbon gain and yield under fully open air CO2fumigation (FACE)}, volume={11}, ISSN={1471-2229}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-11-123}, DOI={10.1186/1471-2229-11-123}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={BMC Plant Biology}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Rosenthal, David M and Locke, Anna M and Khozaei, Mahdi and Raines, Christine A and Long, Stephen P and Ort, Donald R}, year={2011}, month={Aug} }
 @article{heat waves alter reproductive growth in maize without long term effects on photosynthesis and plant water status, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.11.008}, DOI={10.1016/j.agee.2016.11.008}, abstractNote={Due to climate change, heat waves are predicted to become more frequent and severe. While long-term studies on temperature stress have been conducted on important crops such as maize (Zea mays), the immediate or long-term effects of short duration but extreme high temperature events during key developmental periods on physiological and yield parameters are unknown. Therefore, heat waves were applied to field-grown maize in east central Illinois using infrared heating technology. The heat waves warmed the canopy approximately 6 °C above ambient canopy temperatures for three consecutive days during vegetative development (Wv1) and during an early reproductive stage (silking; Wv2). Neither treatment affected aboveground vegetative biomass, and Wv1 did not significantly reduce reproductive biomass. However, Wv2 significantly reduced total reproductive biomass by 16% (p < 0.1) due to significant reductions in cob length (p < 0.1), cob mass (p < 0.05), and husk mass (p < 0.05). Although not statistically significant, seed yield was also reduced by 13% (p = 0.15) and kernel number by 10% (p = 0.16) in the Wv2 treatment. Soil water status was unaffected in both treatments, and leaf water potential and midday photosynthesis were only transiently reduced by heating with complete recovery after the treatment period. Therefore, the reduction in Wv2 reproductive biomass was most likely due to greater sensitivity of reproductive structures to direct effects of high temperature stress.} }
 @article{heat waves imposed during early pod development in soybean (glycine max) cause significant yield loss despite a rapid recovery from oxidative stress, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12935}, DOI={10.1111/gcb.12935}, abstractNote={Abstract} }
 @article{intensifying drought eliminates the expected benefits of elevated carbon dioxide for soybean, url={https://doi.org/10.1038/nplants.2016.132}, DOI={10.1038/nplants.2016.132} }
 @article{leaf hydraulic conductance declines in coordination with photosynthesis, transpiration and leaf water status as soybean leaves age regardless of soil moisture, url={https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eru380}, DOI={10.1093/jxb/eru380}, abstractNote={Summary Short statement: Field and chamber studies show a decline in leaf hydraulic conductance as soybean leaves age that is independent of decreases in soil moisture.} }
 @article{over-expressing the c3 photosynthesis cycle enzyme sedoheptulose-1-7 bisphosphatase improves photosynthetic carbon gain and yield under fully open air co2 fumigation (face), url={https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-11-123}, DOI={10.1186/1471-2229-11-123}, abstractNote={Abstract} }
 @article{rice sub1a constrains remodeling of the transcriptome and metabolome during submergence to facilitate post-submergence recovery, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13094}, DOI={10.1111/pce.13094}, abstractNote={Abstract} }
 @article{soybean leaf hydraulic conductance does not acclimate to growth at elevated [co2] or temperature in growth chambers and or the field, url={https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mct143}, DOI={10.1093/aob/mct143}, abstractNote={BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Leaf hydraulic properties are strongly linked with transpiration and photosynthesis in many species. However, it is not known if gas exchange and hydraulics will have co-ordinated responses to climate change. The objective of this study was to investigate the responses of leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) in Glycine max (soybean) to growth at elevated [CO2] and increased temperature compared with the responses of leaf gas exchange and leaf water status.


METHODS
Two controlled-environment growth chamber experiments were conducted with soybean to measure Kleaf, stomatal conductance (gs) and photosynthesis (A) during growth at elevated [CO2] and temperature relative to ambient levels. These results were validated with field experiments on soybean grown under free-air elevated [CO2] (FACE) and canopy warming.


KEY RESULTS
In chamber studies, Kleaf did not acclimate to growth at elevated [CO2], even though stomatal conductance decreased and photosynthesis increased. Growth at elevated temperature also did not affect Kleaf, although gs and A showed significant but inconsistent decreases. The lack of response of Kleaf to growth at increased [CO2] and temperature in chamber-grown plants was confirmed with field-grown soybean at a FACE facility.


CONCLUSIONS
Leaf hydraulic and leaf gas exchange responses to these two climate change factors were not strongly linked in soybean, although gs responded to [CO2] and increased temperature as previously reported. This differential behaviour could lead to an imbalance between hydraulic supply and transpiration demand under extreme environmental conditions likely to become more common as global climate continues to change.} }