@article{moore_park_segura_carrier_2015, title={Fast pyrolysis of lignin-coated radiata pine}, volume={115}, ISSN={["1873-250X"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jaap.2015.07.017}, abstractNote={A new coating preparative method of the Pinus radiata feedstock was used to process a mixture of Acetocell lignin and sawdust prepared at different mass ratios of lignin to sawdust, 1:18 (LI20) and 1:7 (LI40) to overcome feeding issues into a fluidized bed pyrolysis reactor. The coated materials were structurally characterized by using spectrometric and microscopic techniques, which respectively confirmed the presence of saturated aliphatic and oxygenated side chains in the isolated lignin and the formation of a boundary layer around the woody biomass particles. The fast pyrolysis of the coated materials at 540 °C led to the decrease of both total liquid and organic yields and to the substantial increase of reactive water yield. Like yields, the addition of the technical lignin affected the product composition of fast pyrolysis bio-oil. These changes were both related to the oxygenated aliphatic nature of the lignin side-chains and to the thickness of the coating layer. This new preparation technique of the feedstock overcomes the technical barriers associated with the feeding of thermoset polymers into a bubbling fluidized bed reactor, without modifying its initial design; and enhanced the production of the phenolic rich fraction by controlling the thickness of the coating.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS}, author={Moore, Andrew and Park, Sunkyu and Segura, Cristina and Carrier, Marion}, year={2015}, month={Sep}, pages={203–213} }
 @article{meng_moore_tilotta_kelley_adhikari_parkt_2015, title={Thermal and Storage Stability of Bio-Oil from Pyrolysis of Torrefied Wood}, volume={29}, ISSN={["1520-5029"]}, DOI={10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b00929}, abstractNote={The objective of this paper is to investigate the biomass torrefaction effect on bio-oil stability by comparing the physicochemical and compositional properties of aged bio-oils. Two aging methods, accelerated aging (held at 80 °C for 24 h) and long-term natural aging (12-month storage at 25 °C), were employed to produce aged bio-oils for such comparison. The results indicate that bio-oils made from heat-treated wood had similar aging behavior in terms of increase of water content, acid content, molecular weight, and viscosity. The increase rate, however, was found to be different and dependent on the aging method. The accelerated method found parallel water and total acidity number (TAN) increments between raw and torrefaction bio-oils, while the natural aging method found torrefaction bio-oils, especially those made from heavily treated wood, had much slower water and acid accumulation than that of raw bio-oil. As a negative effect, both methods identified the viscosity of torrefaction bio-oils increased more significantly than that of raw bio-oil, while their molecular weights were unexpectedly lower. The correlation study showed that bio-oil viscosity is more tied to the content of bio-oil–water insoluble fraction rather than its average molecular weight. In addition, the characterization of aged bio-oils using NMR, GC/MS, and solvent fractionation indicated that torrefaction bio-oils had less compositional alternation after accelerated aging than the raw bio-oil. Also, they were more stable during the first 6 months of storage at room temperature. During the long-term storage, the raw bio-oil completely phase-separated after 6 months. However, two distinct torrefaction bio-oils (LP-280T and LP-330T) had enhanced phase stability, as a stable uniform oil phase without gum formation can be maintained during the entire 12-month storage.}, number={8}, journal={ENERGY & FUELS}, author={Meng, Jiajia and Moore, Andrew and Tilotta, David C. and Kelley, Stephen S. and Adhikari, Sushil and Parkt, Sunkyu}, year={2015}, month={Aug}, pages={5117–5126} }
 @article{meng_smirnova_song_moore_ren_kelley_park_tilotta_2014, title={Identification of free radicals in pyrolysis oil and their impact on bio-oil stability}, volume={4}, ISSN={["2046-2069"]}, DOI={10.1039/c4ra02007c}, abstractNote={The existence of radicals in pyrolysis oil generated from loblolly pine in three different reactor systems was verified with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy.}, number={56}, journal={RSC ADVANCES}, author={Meng, Jiajia and Smirnova, Tatyana I. and Song, Xiao and Moore, Andrew and Ren, Xueyong and Kelley, Stephen and Park, Sunkyu and Tilotta, David}, year={2014}, pages={29840–29846} }
 @article{ren_meng_moore_chang_gou_park_2014, title={Thermogravimetric investigation on the degradation properties and combustion performance of bio-oils}, volume={152}, ISSN={["1873-2976"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biortech.2013.11.028}, abstractNote={• The degradation and combustion properties of bio-oils were quantitatively evaluated. • The formation and effect of carbonaceous solid during bio-oil combustion were studied. • A higher amount of carbonaceous solid was produced from aged bio-oil. • Bio-oil from torrefied wood has comparable thermal profiles with raw bio-oil. • Bio-oils have comparable combustion index with fuel oils used in boilers. The degradation properties and combustion performance of raw bio-oil, aged bio-oil, and bio-oil from torrefied wood were investigated through thermogravimetric analysis. A three-stage process was observed for the degradation of bio-oils, including devolatilization of the aqueous fraction and light compounds, transition of the heavy faction to solid, and combustion of carbonaceous residues. Pyrolysis kinetics parameters were calculated via the reaction order model and 3D-diffusion model, and combustion indexes were used to qualitatively evaluate the thermal profiles of tested bio-oils for comparison with commercial oils such as fuel oils. It was found that aged bio-oil was more thermally instable and produced more combustion-detrimental carbonaceous solid. Raw bio-oil and bio-oil from torrefied wood had comparable combustion performance to fuel oils. It was considered that bio-oil has a potential to be mixed with or totally replace the fuel oils in boilers.}, journal={BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY}, author={Ren, Xueyong and Meng, Jiajia and Moore, Andrew M. and Chang, Jianmin and Gou, Jinsheng and Park, Sunkyu}, year={2014}, month={Jan}, pages={267–274} }
 @article{meng_moore_tilotta_kelley_park_2014, title={Toward Understanding of Bio-Oil Aging: Accelerated Aging of Bio-Oil Fractions}, volume={2}, ISSN={2168-0485 2168-0485}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/sc500223e}, DOI={10.1021/sc500223e}, abstractNote={Pyrolysis bio-oil from biomass is a promising intermediate for producing transportation fuels and platform chemicals. However, its instability, often called aging, has been identified as a critical hurdle that prevents bio-oil from being commercialized. The objective of this research is to explore the bio-oil aging mechanism by an accelerated aging test of fractionated bio-oil produced from loblolly pine. When water soluble (WS), ether insoluble (EIS), and pyrolytic lignin (PL) fractions were aged separately, the increased molecular weight (Mw) was observed with increasing aging temperature and the presence of acids. WS and EIS fractions had high Mw brown solids formed after aging. Adjusting the pH of WS and EIS fractions from 2.5 to 7.0 significantly reduced the tendency of a Mw increase. Similar Mw rise was also observed on a PL fraction with an elevated temperature and acid addition. Formaldehyde was found to react with the PL fraction in the presence of any acid catalysts tested, i.e., 8-fold Mw increase in acetic acid environment, while other bio-oil aldehydes did not significantly promote lignin condensation. To better understand bio-oil stability, a potential bio-oil aging pattern was proposed, suggesting that bio-oil can be aged within or between its fractions.}, number={8}, journal={ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Meng, Jiajia and Moore, Andrew and Tilotta, David and Kelley, Stephen and Park, Sunkyu}, year={2014}, month={Jul}, pages={2011–2018} }