@article{sanctis_cahoon_everman_gannon_jennings_taylor_dean_forehand_lee_2025, title={Cover crops and fall residual herbicides for managing Italian ryegrass}, volume={39}, ISSN={["1550-2740"]}, DOI={10.1017/wet.2024.107}, abstractNote={Abstract North Carolina growers have long struggled to control Italian ryegrass, and recent research has confirmed Italian ryegrass biotypes resistant to nicosulfuron, glyphosate, clethodim, and paraquat. Integrating alternative management strategies is crucial to effectively control such biotypes. The objectives of this study were to evaluate Italian ryegrass control with cover crops and fall-applied residual herbicides and investigate cover crop injury from residual herbicides. This study was conducted during the fall/winter of 2021-22 in Salisbury and fall/winter of 2021-22 and 2022-23 at Clayton, NC. The study was designed as a 3x5 split-plot, where the main plot consisted of three cover crop treatments (no-cover, cereal rye at 80 kg ha -1 , and crimson clover at 18 kg ha -1 ), and the subplots consisted of five residual herbicide treatments (S-metolachlor, flumioxazin, metribuzin, pyroxasulfone, and nontreated). In the 2021-22 season at Clayton, metribuzin injured cereal rye and crimson clover 65% and 55%, respectively. However, metribuzin injured both cover crops ≤6% in 2022-23. Flumioxazin resulted in unacceptable crimson clover injury with 50% and 38% in 2021-22 and 2022-23 in Clayton and 40% at Salisbury, respectively. Without preemergence herbicides, cereal rye controlled Italian ryegrass 85% and 61% at 24 WAP in 2021-22 and 2022-23 at Clayton and 82% in Salisbury, respectively. In 2021-22, Italian ryegrass seed production was lowest in cereal rye treatments at both locations, except when cover crop was treated with metribuzin. For example, in Salisbury, cereal rye plus metribuzin resulted in 39324 seeds m –2 , compared to ≤4386 seeds m –2 from all other cereal rye treatments. In 2022-23, Italian ryegrass seed production in cereal rye was lower when either metribuzin or pyroxasulfone were used PRE (2670 and 1299 seeds m –2 , respectively) when compared to cereal rye without herbicides (5600 seeds m –2 ).}, journal={WEED TECHNOLOGY}, author={Sanctis, Jose H. S. and Cahoon, Charles W. and Everman, Wesley J. and Gannon, Travis W. and Jennings, Katherine M. and Taylor, Zachary R. and Dean, Brock A. and Forehand, Jacob C. and Lee, James H.}, year={2025}, month={Jan} }
 @article{dean_cahoon_collins_jordan_taylor_forehand_sanctis_lee_2025, title={Optimizing pyroxasulfone-coated fertilizer in cotton}, volume={39}, ISSN={["1550-2740"]}, DOI={10.1017/wet.2024.111}, abstractNote={Abstract Two studies were conducted in 2022 and 2023 near Rocky Mount and Clayton, NC, to determine the optimal granular ammonium sulfate (AMS) rate and application timing for pyroxasulfone-coated AMS. In the rate study, AMS rates included 161, 214, 267, 321, 374, 428, and 481 kg ha -1 , equivalent to 34, 45, 56, 67, 79, 90, and 101 kg N ha -1 , respectively. All rates were coated with pyroxasulfone at 118 g ai ha -1 and top-dressed onto 5- to 7-leaf cotton. In the timing study, pyroxasulfone (118 g ai ha -1 ) was coated on AMS and top-dressed at 321 kg ha -1 (67 kg N ha -1 ) onto 5- to 7-leaf, 9- to 11-leaf, and first bloom cotton. In both studies, weed control and cotton tolerance to pyroxasulfone-coated AMS was compared to pyroxasulfone applied postemergence (POST) and postemergence-directed (POST-directed). The check in both studies received non-herbicide-treated AMS (321 kg ha -1 ). Before treatment applications, all plots (including the check) were maintained weed-free with glyphosate and glufosinate. In both studies, pyroxasulfone applied POST was most injurious (8 to 16%), while pyroxasulfone-coated AMS resulted in ≤ 4% injury. Additionally, no differences in cotton lint yield were observed in both studies. With the exception of the lowest rate of AMS (161 kg ha -1 ; 79%), all AMS rates coated with pyroxasulfone controlled Palmer amaranth ≥ 83%, comparable to pyroxasulfone applied POST (92%) and POST-directed (89%). In the timing study, the application method did not affect Palmer amaranth control; however, applications made at the mid- and late timings outperformed early applications. These results indicate pyroxasulfone-coated AMS can control Palmer amaranth comparable to pyroxasulfone applied POST and POST-directed, with minimal risk of cotton injury. However, the application timing could warrant additional treatment to achieve adequate late-season weed control.}, journal={WEED TECHNOLOGY}, author={Dean, Brock A. and Cahoon, Charles W. and Collins, Guy D. and Jordan, David L. and Taylor, Zachary R. and Forehand, Jacob C. and Sanctis, Jose S. and Lee, James H.}, year={2025}, month={Jan} }
 @article{dean_cahoon_collins_jordan_taylor_forehand_sanctis_lee_2024, title={Residual weed control in cotton utilizing herbicide-coated fertilizer}, volume={39}, ISSN={["1550-2740"]}, DOI={10.1017/wet.2024.94}, abstractNote={Abstract An experiment was conducted in 2022 and 2023 near Rocky Mount and Clayton, NC, to evaluate residual herbicide-coated fertilizer for cotton tolerance and Palmer amaranth control. Treatments included acetochlor; atrazine; dimethenamid- P ; diuron; flumioxazin; fluometuron; fluridone; fomesafen; linuron; metribuzin; pendimethalin; pyroxasulfone; pyroxasulfone + carfentrazone; S -metolachlor; and sulfentrazone. Each herbicide was individually coated on granular ammonium sulfate (AMS) and top-dressed at 321 kg ha -1 (67 kg N ha -1 ) onto 5- to 7-leaf cotton. The check received the equivalent rate of non-herbicide-treated AMS. Before top-dress, all plots (including the check) were treated with glyphosate and glufosinate to control previously emerged weeds. All herbicides resulted in transient cotton injury, except metribuzin. Cotton response to metribuzin varied by year and location. In 2022, metribuzin caused 11 to 39% and 8 to 17% injury at Clayton and Rocky Mount, respectively. In 2023, metribuzin caused 13 to 32% injury at Clayton and 73 to 84% injury at Rocky Mount. Pyroxasulfone (91%), pyroxasulfone + carfentrazone (89%), fomesafen (87%), fluridone (86%), flumioxazin (86%), and atrazine (85%) controlled Palmer amaranth ≥ 85%. Pendimethalin and fluometuron were the least effective treatments, resulting in 58% and 62% control, respectively. As anticipated, early season metribuzin injury translated into yield loss; plots treated with metribuzin yielded 640 kg ha -1 and were only comparable to linuron (790 kg ha -1 ). These findings research suggest, with the exception of metribuzin, residual herbicides coated on AMS may be suitable and effective in cotton production, providing growers with additional modes of action for late-season control of multiple herbicide-resistant Palmer amaranth.}, journal={WEED TECHNOLOGY}, author={Dean, Brock A. and Cahoon, Charles W. and Collins, Guy D. and Jordan, David L. and Taylor, Zachary R. and Forehand, Jacob C. and Sanctis, Jose S. and Lee, James H.}, year={2024}, month={Nov} }