@article{futch_larson_cooper_cutts_allf_sharova_cavalier_davis_2024, title={Exploring Project Connections Across the Citizen Science Landscape: A Social Network Analysis of Shared Volunteers}, volume={14}, ISSN={["2158-2440"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241298424}, DOI={10.1177/21582440241298424}, abstractNote={Research on citizen science volunteers has historically focused on single projects, but emerging research suggests many volunteers engage in multiple projects. Platforms that host thousands of projects, like SciStarter.org, enable exploration of volunteer activity across multiple projects. To learn more about the phenomenon of multi-project engagement, we carried out a descriptive social network analysis using digital trace data depicting volunteer activity on SciStarter.org from 2017 to 2018. During this time period, our sample included 624 citizen science projects and 3,650 unique volunteers that engaged in these projects. We used these data to visualize and analyze project connection networks formed when volunteers join multiple projects. Volunteers joined an average of 2.93 projects spanning many different scientific disciplines (e.g., topics such as Health & Medicine, Ecology & Environment) and modes of participation (e.g., online, offline); 73% of volunteers joined 2 or more projects. Volunteer engagement in citizen science produced a complex network of project connections with low network centrality, low levels of homophily and clustering, and ample evidence of boundary spanning (e.g., based on topic or mode). The projects most central in the network, which were also the most popular, were those featured as affiliates on the website or in promotional email campaigns. By using a network approach to analyze digital trace data, our research illustrates the extent of multi-project, multi-disciplinary engagement on a third-party platform, laying the groundwork for researchers and platform managers to explore and facilitate multi-project engagement and its implications for the larger field of citizen science.}, number={4}, journal={SAGE OPEN}, author={Futch, Sara E. and Larson, Lincoln R. and Cooper, Caren B. and Cutts, Bethany B. and Allf, Bradley and Sharova, Maria V. and Cavalier, Darlene and Davis, Cathlyn}, year={2024}, month={Oct} }
 @inbook{allf_bai_perkins_cooper_2024, title={Participatory science in the field of ornithology}, booktitle={Perspectives in Ornithology}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Allf, B. and Bai, J. and Perkins, D. and Cooper, C.}, year={2024} }
 @inproceedings{larson_cooper_allf_smith_2023, title={Broader impacts of citizen science: exploring volunteer motivations and learning outcomes}, booktitle={Pathways 2023: Human Dimensions of Wildlife Conference}, author={Larson, L. and Cooper, C. and Allf, B. and Smith, H.}, year={2023}, month={May} }
 @inproceedings{allf_larson_cooper_2023, title={Corporate Citizen Scientists More Diverse but Participation Limited by External Motivation}, booktitle={Citizen Science Association Conference}, author={Allf, B. and Larson, L.R. and Cooper, C.B.}, year={2023}, month={May} }
 @article{taylor_allf_hopkins_irwin_jewell_nevo_nichols_rodríguez valerón_evans_sörensen_et al._2023, title={Nature's chefs: Uniting the hidden diversity of food making and preparing species across the tree of life}, volume={73}, ISSN={0006-3568 1525-3244}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biad026}, DOI={10.1093/biosci/biad026}, abstractNote={Abstract There may be no such thing as a free meal, but many species have evolved mechanisms for other species to consume the literal fruits of their labors. In the present article, inspired by a chef's recognition that such species are “nature's chefs,” we consider food-making species from the plant, animal, and fungal kingdoms, which produce food or mimic food to increase their own fitness. We identify three ways that species can produce or prepare meals—as food, drinks, or lures—and further distinguish between those providing an honest meal and those deceiving consumers with food mimics. By considering these species holistically, we highlight new hypotheses about the ecology and evolution of the widespread phenomenon of organisms that produce food for other organisms. We find surprising and useful generalities and exceptions among species as different as apple trees and anglerfish by examining species interactions across taxa, systems, and disciplines.}, number={6}, journal={BioScience}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Taylor, Brad W and Allf, Bradley and Hopkins, Skylar R and Irwin, Rebecca E and Jewell, Michelle and Nevo, Omer and Nichols, Lauren M and Rodríguez Valerón, Nabila and Evans, Joshua D and Sörensen, Pia M and et al.}, year={2023}, month={Apr}, pages={408–421} }
 @inbook{allf_2023, title={Two by Two Degrees}, ISBN={9781734496543}, booktitle={Dear Human at the Edge of Time: Poems on Climate Change in the United States}, publisher={Paloma Press}, author={Allf, B}, editor={Igloria, Luisa A. and Cassinetto, Aileen and Hoffman, Jeremy S.Editors}, year={2023} }
 @inproceedings{cavalier_nickerson_cooper_allf_2022, title={Citizen Science Resources: Leveraging SciStarter for Participatory Research}, booktitle={American Association for the Advancement of Science Annual Meeting}, author={Cavalier, D. and Nickerson, C. and Cooper, C.B. and Allf, B.}, year={2022}, month={Feb} }
 @article{allf_2022, title={Citizen Science Volunteers are Almost Entirely White}, journal={The Conversation}, author={Allf, B.}, year={2022}, month={Jun} }
 @article{allf_cooper_larson_dunn_futch_sharova_cavalier_2022, title={Citizen Science as an Ecosystem of Engagement: Implications for Learning and Broadening Participation}, volume={72}, ISSN={0006-3568 1525-3244}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biac035}, DOI={10.1093/biosci/biac035}, abstractNote={The bulk of research on citizen science participants is project centric, based on an assumption that volunteers experience a single project. Contrary to this assumption, survey responses (n = 3894) and digital trace data (n = 3649) from volunteers, who collectively engaged in 1126 unique projects, revealed that multiproject participation was the norm. Only 23% of volunteers were singletons (who participated in only one project). The remaining multiproject participants were split evenly between discipline specialists (39%) and discipline spanners (38% joined projects with different disciplinary topics) and unevenly between mode specialists (52%) and mode spanners (25% participated in online and offline projects). Public engagement was narrow: The multiproject participants were eight times more likely to be White and five times more likely to hold advanced degrees than the general population. We propose a volunteer-centric framework that explores how the dynamic accumulation of experiences in a project ecosystem can support broad learning objectives and inclusive citizen science.}, number={7}, journal={BioScience}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Allf, Bradley C and Cooper, Caren B and Larson, Lincoln R and Dunn, Robert R and Futch, Sara E and Sharova, Maria and Cavalier, Darlene}, year={2022}, month={Jun}, pages={651–663} }
 @inproceedings{smith_allf_larson_futch_lundgren_pacifici_cooper_2022, title={Incorporating Citizen Science in the University Classroom - Building Interest and Efficacy for Science and the Environment}, booktitle={Biennial Conference on University Education in Natural Resources}, author={Smith, H. and Allf, B. and Larson, L.R. and Futch, S.E. and Lundgren, L. and Pacifici, L. and Cooper, C.B.}, year={2022}, month={Mar} }
 @inproceedings{b._cooper_larson_cavalier_2022, title={New Horizons for Citizen Science Participation: Corporate Volunteers}, booktitle={NC State College of Natural Resources Graduate Research Symposium}, author={B., Allf and Cooper, C.B. and Larson, L.R. and Cavalier, D.}, year={2022}, month={Mar} }
 @inproceedings{allf_cooper_larson_dunn_futch_sharova_cavalier_2022, title={New Horizons for Citizen Science Participation: Multiproject Volunteers}, booktitle={Citizen Science Association Conference}, author={Allf, B. and Cooper, C.B. and Larson, L.R. and Dunn, R.R. and Futch, S.E. and Sharova, M. and Cavalier, D.}, year={2022}, month={May} }
 @article{allf_2021, title={B.Citizen Science is Changing People’s Lives—This Project Explores How It Happens}, journal={Discover Magazine}, author={Allf, B.}, year={2021}, month={Aug} }
 @article{allf_2021, title={B.Texas Nature Trackers Program Taps Amateur Observers to Help Scientists Catalogue Wildlife}, journal={Austin American-Statesman}, author={Allf, B.}, year={2021}, month={Jun} }
 @inproceedings{allf_sparkman_pfennig_2021, title={Island Tails: Is Tail Vibration Rattlesnake Mimicry?}, booktitle={Southeast Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation}, author={Allf, B. and Sparkman, A. and Pfennig, D.W.}, year={2021}, month={Feb} }
 @article{smith_allf_larson_futch_lundgren_pacifici_cooper_2021, title={Leveraging Citizen Science in a College Classroom to Build Interest and Efficacy for Science and the Environment}, volume={6}, ISSN={2057-4991}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/cstp.434}, DOI={10.5334/cstp.434}, abstractNote={University instructors can leverage citizen science resources to support student learning and cultivate interest and efficacy in science and the environment. In this case study, we examined learning outcomes of students from various majors participating in citizen science experiences as part of a general education science course at a large public university in the United States. In Spring 2019, students were assigned to collect arthropod data for an iNaturalist project. In Fall 2020, students chose between analyzing iNaturalist bumblebee observations or identifying plants using iNaturalist’s Seek app. In both years, study participants completed pre- and post-assignment surveys designed to assess interest in nature, self-efficacy for environmental action, interest in science, and self-efficacy for learning and doing science (n<sub>2019</sub> = 131, n<sub>2020</sub> = 78). Across all students, we found a significant increase in interest in science and a slight increase in all other variables. Compared with agriculture and natural resources majors, non-majors reported greater increases for all variables, significantly so for efficacy for environmental action and efficacy for learning and doing science. Overall growth was also more pronounced in 2020 than 2019, with 2020 gains greatest among students who chose to analyze iNaturalist data. Our findings suggest that integrating choice and different ways of engaging with citizen science into university curricula has the potential to bolster interest and efficacy, which facilitate learning, particularly among students enrolled in courses outside their major. Designing citizen science assignments that incorporate choice and accommodate diverse student interests and motivations can help achieve these goals.}, number={1}, journal={Citizen Science: Theory and Practice}, publisher={Ubiquity Press, Ltd.}, author={Smith, Haley and Allf, Bradley and Larson, Lincoln and Futch, Sara and Lundgren, Lisa and Pacifici, Lara and Cooper, Caren}, year={2021}, month={Dec}, pages={29} }
 @article{allf_sparkman_pfennig_2021, title={Microevolutionary change in mimicry? Potential erosion of rattling behaviour among nonvenomous snakes on islands lacking rattlesnakes}, volume={33}, ISSN={["1828-7131"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1080/03949370.2020.1837962}, DOI={10.1080/03949370.2020.1837962}, abstractNote={Batesian mimics – harmless species that converge on the warning signals of a dangerous species – are spectacular examples of adaptation, but few documented cases involve acoustic signals. Even fewer studies have documented microevolutionary change in mimicry of any kind. Here, we describe a potential evolutionary change in acoustic mimicry. Many nonvenomous snakes vibrate their tail tip when threatened, making a sound resembling venomous rattlesnakes, which can vibrate their tail rapidly and for a long duration. When we compared this behavior between Gophersnakes from mainland California (where rattlesnakes are present) versus nearby derived island populations (where rattlesnakes are absent), we found that mainland snakes vibrated their tail for a longer duration, thereby producing a signal more similar to rattlesnakes. At the same time, we did not find evidence that island snakes differ from mainland snakes in the rate at which they vibrate their tails, or their propensity to vibrate their tails. Taken together, these data lend some support to the longstanding hypothesis that defensive tail vibration by nonvenomous snakes represents acoustic mimicry of rattlesnakes. These data further suggest that this mimetic signal may be undergoing erosion in populations where rattlesnakes are absent.}, number={2}, journal={ETHOLOGY ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Allf, Bradley C. and Sparkman, Amanda M. and Pfennig, David W.}, year={2021}, month={Mar}, pages={125–136} }
 @article{allf_2021, title={The Future of Wilderness}, journal={NC State Applied Ecology News}, author={Allf, B.}, year={2021}, month={Jan} }
 @inproceedings{allf_cooper_larson_dunn_futch_sharova_cavalier_2021, title={The New Citizen Scientist: Multi-Project Participation}, booktitle={NC State College of Natural Resources Graduate Research Symposium}, author={Allf, B. and Cooper, C.B. and Larson, L.R. and Dunn, R.R. and Futch, S.E. and Sharova, M. and Cavalier, D.}, year={2021}, month={Mar} }
 @inproceedings{allf_cooper_larson_cavalier_2020, title={Citizen Science for All}, booktitle={NSF STEM for All Video Showcase}, author={Allf, B. and Cooper, C.B. and Larson, L.R. and Cavalier, D.}, year={2020}, month={May} }
 @inproceedings{larson_cooper_allf_futch_2020, title={Multi-project participation among citizen science volunteers benefits science and society}, booktitle={ISSRM: International Symposium for Society & Resource Management}, author={Larson, L.R. and Cooper, C.B. and Allf, B. and Futch, S.E.}, year={2020}, month={Jun} }
 @inproceedings{allf_cooper_larson_futch_sharova_2020, title={SciStarter: The impact of a 3rd party platform on volunteer communities}, booktitle={Citizen Science in Higher Education Research Symposium}, author={Allf, B. and Cooper, C.B. and Larson, L.R. and Futch, S.E. and Sharova, M.}, year={2020}, month={Sep} }
 @inproceedings{allf_cooper_larson_cavalier_spiers_futch_sharova_dayan_gal_2020, title={SciStarter: The impact of a 3rd party platform on volunteer communities}, booktitle={European Citizen Science Association Conference}, author={Allf, B. and Cooper, C.B. and Larson, L.R. and Cavalier, D. and Spiers, H. and Futch, S.E. and Sharova, M. and Dayan, N. and Gal, K.}, year={2020}, month={Sep} }
 @inproceedings{allf_larson_cooper_2020, title={The New Citizen Scientist: Boundless Participation, Boundless Impact?}, booktitle={NC State College of Natural Resources Graduate Research Symposium}, author={Allf, B. and Larson, L.R. and Cooper, C.B.}, year={2020}, month={Feb} }
 @inproceedings{futch_larson_cooper_allf_sharova_2019, title={Bridging gaps, broadening networks: Fostering multi-project engagement among citizen science volunteers}, booktitle={Pathways: Human Dimensions of Wildlife Conference}, author={Futch, S.E. and Larson, L.R. and Cooper, C.B. and Allf, B. and Sharova, M.}, year={2019}, month={Sep} }
 @article{allf_2019, title={Crowd the Tap: Empowering Communities to Examine Their Lead Exposure}, journal={Discover Magazine}, author={Allf, B.}, year={2019}, month={May} }
 @article{allf_2019, title={Don’t Trust Scientists? Then Help Collect the Data}, journal={Scientific American}, author={Allf, B.}, year={2019}, month={Sep} }
 @inproceedings{eyman_beaulieu_allf_dunn_2019, title={Never Home Alone: Studying the Life in Schools and Homes}, booktitle={Bridging the Gap Conference}, author={Eyman, G. and Beaulieu, M.S. and Allf, B. and Dunn, R.R.}, year={2019}, month={Oct} }
 @article{allf_2019, title={Sound Justice: Citizen Science, Noise, and the Quest for Equity}, journal={Discover Magazine}, author={Allf, B.}, year={2019}, month={May} }
 @article{allf_2019, title={Take Pictures of Your (Six-Legged) Roommates, for Science}, journal={Discover Magazine}, author={Allf, B.}, year={2019}, month={Feb} }
 @inproceedings{allf_larson_cooper_2019, title={The modern citizen science volunteer}, booktitle={NC State College of Natural Resources Graduate Research Symposium}, author={Allf, B. and Larson, L.R. and Cooper, C.B.}, year={2019}, month={Feb} }
 @inproceedings{allf_larson_cooper_2019, title={Towards a more holistic perspective on the citizen science volunteer}, booktitle={Conference of the Citizen Science Association}, author={Allf, B. and Larson, L.R. and Cooper, C.B.}, year={2019}, month={Mar} }
 @inproceedings{allf_larson_cooper_2019, title={Where do they come from and where do they go? Understanding the citizen scientist more holistically}, booktitle={NERR: National Environment and Recreation Research Symposium}, publisher={Presentation}, author={Allf, B. and Larson, L.R. and Cooper, C.B.}, year={2019}, month={Apr} }
 @article{allf_2017, title={Can the Internet Save Snakes?}, journal={Sierra Magazine}, author={Allf, B.}, year={2017}, month={Sep} }
 @article{allf_durst_pfennig_2016, title={Behavioral Plasticity and the Origins of Novelty: The Evolution of the Rattlesnake Rattle}, volume={188}, ISSN={0003-0147 1537-5323}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/688017}, DOI={10.1086/688017}, abstractNote={Environmentally induced behavior (behavioral plasticity) has long been hypothesized to promote the origins of novel morphological traits, but this idea remains controversial. One context in which this hypothesis can be evaluated is animal communication, where behavior and morphology are often linked. Here, we examined the evolution of one of nature's most spectacular communication signals: the rattlesnake rattle. We specifically evaluated whether rattlesnake rattling behavior-and, hence, the rattle-originated from a simple behavior: vibrating the tail when threatened. By reconstructing the ancestral state of defensive tail vibration, we show that this behavior is nearly ubiquitous in the Viperidae (the family that includes rattlesnakes) and widespread in the Colubridae (the largest snake family, nearly all of which are nonvenomous), suggesting a shared origin for the behavior between these families. After measuring tail vibration in 56 species of Viperidae and Colubridae, we show that the more closely related a species was to rattlesnakes, the more similar it was to rattlesnakes in duration and rate of tail vibration. Thus, the rattlesnake rattle might have evolved via elaboration of a simple behavior. These data thereby support the long-standing hypothesis that behavioral plasticity often precedes-and possibly instigates-the evolution of morphological novelty.}, number={4}, journal={The American Naturalist}, publisher={University of Chicago Press}, author={Allf, Bradley C. and Durst, Paul A. P. and Pfennig, David W.}, year={2016}, month={Oct}, pages={475–483} }