@article{fesmire_peal_ruff_moyer_mcparland_derks_o'neil_emke_johnson_ghosh_et al._2024, title={Investigation of integrated time nanosecond pulse irreversible electroporation against spontaneous equine melanoma}, volume={11}, ISSN={["2297-1769"]}, DOI={10.3389/fvets.2024.1232650}, abstractNote={Introduction Integrated time nanosecond pulse irreversible electroporation (INSPIRE) is a novel tumor ablation modality that employs high voltage, alternating polarity waveforms to induce cell death in a well-defined volume while sparing the underlying tissue. This study aimed to demonstrate the in vivo efficacy of INSPIRE against spontaneous melanoma in standing, awake horses. Methods A custom applicator and a pulse generation system were utilized in a pilot study to treat horses presenting with spontaneous melanoma. INSPIRE treatments were administered to 32 tumors across 6 horses and an additional 13 tumors were followed to act as untreated controls. Tumors were tracked over a 43–85 day period following a single INSPIRE treatment. Pulse widths of 500ns and 2000ns with voltages between 1000 V and 2000 V were investigated to determine the effect of these variables on treatment outcomes. Results Treatments administered at the lowest voltage (1000 V) reduced tumor volumes by 11 to 15%. Higher voltage (2000 V) treatments reduced tumor volumes by 84 to 88% and eliminated 33% and 80% of tumors when 500 ns and 2000 ns pulses were administered, respectively. Discussion Promising results were achieved without the use of chemotherapeutics, the use of general anesthesia, or the need for surgical resection in regions which are challenging to keep sterile. This novel therapeutic approach has the potential to expand the role of pulsed electric fields in veterinary patients, especially when general anesthesia is contraindicated, and warrants future studies to demonstrate the efficacy of INSPIRE as a solid tumor treatment.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE}, author={Fesmire, Chris C. and Peal, Bridgette and Ruff, Jennifer and Moyer, Elizabeth and McParland, Thomas J. and Derks, Kobi and O'Neil, Erin and Emke, Carrie and Johnson, Brianna and Ghosh, Shatorupa and et al.}, year={2024}, month={Jan} }
 @article{gaudette_johnson_bakal_dombrowski_2022, title={HEMOLYMPH COLLECTION AND ISOFLURANE ANESTHESIA OF THE EMPEROR SCORPION (PANDINUS IMPERATOR)}, volume={53}, ISSN={["1937-2825"]}, DOI={10.1638/2020-0095}, abstractNote={Abstract: With captive invertebrates increasing in popularity, a safe and effective anesthesia protocol is required for their veterinary care. This study investigated the safety and efficacy of 5% isoflurane anesthesia and 0.26 ml hemolymph collection in subadult to adult emperor scorpions (Pandinus imperator; n = 14). Each scorpion was placed in a 2-L anesthetic chamber and induced with 5% isoflurane at a flow rate of 2 L/min oxygen. Anesthetic depth was assessed by rolling the animal into dorsal recumbency and rating the response from one to four: 1 = successful coordinated righting movement, 2 = successful uncoordinated righting movement, 3 = unsuccessful righting movement, 4 = no movement. Ratings 3 and 4 were both adequate for the hemolymph collection. The mean induction time was 4.2 min to reach a level 3 depth and 10.5 min to reach a level 4 depth. All animals were clinically normal for at least 1 yr post experiment. A mean hemolymph volume drawn of 1.92% of body weight, and an anesthetic induction with 5% isoflurane, appear safe in subadult to adult emperor scorpions.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE}, author={Gaudette, Christopher and Johnson, Brianna and Bakal, Robert and Dombrowski, Daniel S.}, year={2022}, month={Sep}, pages={573–577} }
 @article{perdew_emke_johnson_dixit_song_griffith_watson_gruen_2021, title={Evaluation of Pexion(R) (imepitoin) for treatment of storm anxiety in dogs: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial}, volume={188}, ISSN={["2042-7670"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/vetr.18}, DOI={10.1002/vetr.18}, abstractNote={BACKGROUND
While often grouped with other noise aversions, fearful behaviour during storms is considered more complex than noise aversion alone. The objective here was to assess the effect of imepitoin for the treatment of storm anxiety in dogs.


METHODS
In this double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised study, eligible dogs completed a baseline then were randomised to receive either imepitoin (n = 30; 30 mg/kg BID) or placebo (n = 15) for 28 days. During storms, owners rated their dog's intensity for 16 behaviours using a Likert scale. Weekly, owners rated intensity and frequency of these behaviours. Summary scores were compared to baseline and between groups.


RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
Imepitoin was significantly superior to placebo in storm logs and weekly surveys for weeks 2 and 4, and in the end-of-study survey. Mild/moderate adverse events were reported in 26 patients (24 active: two placebo); the most frequent adverse event was ataxia. Owners of dogs in the imepitoin group, compared to placebo, were significantly more likely to report that treatment reduced their dogs fear and anxiety during storms (p < 0.001) and other noise events (p < 0.001). Twice daily administration of imepitoin decreased anxiety scores in dogs with storm anxiety. Future work may evaluate optimal dosage regimens.}, number={9}, journal={VETERINARY RECORD}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Perdew, Irina and Emke, Carrie and Johnson, Brianna and Dixit, Vaidehi and Song, Yukun and Griffith, Emily H. and Watson, Philip and Gruen, Margaret E.}, year={2021}, month={May} }
 @article{pankratz_korman_emke_johnson_griffith_gruen_2021, title={Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Prospective Clinical Trial Evaluating the Efficacy of the Assisi Anti-anxiety Device (Calmer Canine) for the Treatment of Canine Separation Anxiety}, volume={8}, ISSN={["2297-1769"]}, DOI={10.3389/fvets.2021.775092}, abstractNote={Introduction: Separation anxiety (SA) is among the most common canine behavior disorders and affects quality-of-life for dogs and their owners. Dogs with SA show signs of anxiety during absence or perceived absence of their owners. While psychoactive medications are often helpful for treating SA, dog and human factors may limit their utility. This study explored the efficacy of a pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) device for treatment of canine SA. Materials and Methods: In this double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study, a screening questionnaire and baseline video confirmed the diagnosis of SA. Owners treated their dog with the device twice daily for 6 weeks, completed weekly questionnaires, and noted adverse events. Videos were taken of the dog while alone at weeks 4 and 6. Behaviors were coded and categorized as negative and positive. Questionnaire and video data at weeks 4 and 6 were compared to baseline. Results: Forty client-owned dogs with moderate to severe SA completed the study. There were no differences between groups for age, weight, or sex. In owner questionnaires, no difference in behavior or overall score was found between the active and sham groups (p > 0.05). Videos of the active group compared to the sham group showed significant reduction in negative behaviors by week 6 (p = 0.036) and higher percentage of success at week 4 (Z = 2.83, p = 0.005), at week 6 (Z = 1.65, p = 0.098), and across the full study (Z = 1.99, p = 0.047). Adverse events were reported in eight dogs (6 active, 2 sham); all resolved and were unlikely to be related to treatment. Discussion: This study supports the efficacy and safety of this PEMF device for treatment of SA in dogs. Questionnaire results may not be sensitive enough to detect subtle negative behavioral states compared to video, and may not capture other owner observed behavioral changes. A caregiver placebo effect may account for some improvement seen in both groups. Video data appear better for diagnosis and monitoring dog's behavior when left alone. Future studies should assess PEMF's impact on other anxieties or combination of anxiety disorders in dogs.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE}, author={Pankratz, Katherine and Korman, Judy and Emke, Carrie and Johnson, Brianna and Griffith, Emily H. and Gruen, Margaret E.}, year={2021}, month={Dec} }