@article{parkinson_gaines_nollens_2019, title={EFFECT OF A NUTRIENT ENEMA ON SERUM NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS IN WHITE-SPOTTED BAMBOO SHARKS (CHILOSCYLLIUM PLAGIOSUM)}, volume={50}, ISSN={["1937-2825"]}, DOI={10.1638/2017-0106}, abstractNote={Abstract: Ill and anorectic captive sharks present a unique challenge for husbandry and veterinary staff. Providing adequate fluid and nutritional support to sharks while minimizing handling remains difficult. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of a nutrient enema to alter blood analyte concentrations. Thirty-six healthy, fasted white-spotted bamboo sharks (Chiloscyllium plagiosum) were enrolled in the study with 18 sharks receiving a nutrient enema and 18 sharks receiving a non-nutrient saline enema. The metabolic state of sharks was evaluated via measurement of blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen, and β-hydroxybutyrate as well as other serum biochemistry parameters. Changes in sodium, chloride, calcium, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, total protein, and triglyceride concentrations were seen across time in both groups. Blood glucose absolute concentrations and changes over time differed between the nutrient and nonnutrient groups. This pilot study indicates that it is possible to influence the glucose metabolism of healthy sharks via nutrient enema. Further study is needed to better understand potential therapeutics for ill and anorectic sharks.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE}, author={Parkinson, Lily and Gaines, Brian and Nollens, Hendrik}, year={2019}, month={Mar}, pages={55–61} }
 @article{gaines_kim_zhou_2018, title={Algorithms for Fitting the Constrained Lasso}, volume={27}, DOI={10.1080/10618600.2018.1473777}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT We compare alternative computing strategies for solving the constrained lasso problem. As its name suggests, the constrained lasso extends the widely used lasso to handle linear constraints, which allow the user to incorporate prior information into the model. In addition to quadratic programming, we employ the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) and also derive an efficient solution path algorithm. Through both simulations and benchmark data examples, we compare the different algorithms and provide practical recommendations in terms of efficiency and accuracy for various sizes of data. We also show that, for an arbitrary penalty matrix, the generalized lasso can be transformed to a constrained lasso, while the converse is not true. Thus, our methods can also be used for estimating a generalized lasso, which has wide-ranging applications. Code for implementing the algorithms is freely available in both the Matlab toolbox SparseReg and the Julia package ConstrainedLasso. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND GRAPHICAL STATISTICS}, author={Gaines, Brian R. and Kim, Juhyun and Zhou, Hua}, year={2018}, pages={861–871} }
 @article{balko_wilson_lewbart_gaines_posner_2017, title={PROPOFOL AS AN IMMERSION ANESTHETIC AND IN A MINIMUM ANESTHETIC CONCENTRATION (MAC) REDUCTION MODEL IN GOLDFISH (CARASSIUS AURATUS)}, volume={48}, ISSN={["1937-2825"]}, DOI={10.1638/2016-0079.1}, abstractNote={Abstract Propofol is a novel immersion anesthetic in goldfish (Carassius auratus). Objectives were to characterize propofol as an anesthetic and assess its suitability in a minimum anesthetic concentration (MAC) reduction model. Using a crossover design, eight goldfish were submerged in 1, 5, or 10 mg/L propofol. Data included induction time, recovery time, heart rate, opercular rate, and response to supramaximal stimulation. Baseline MAC (Dixon's up-and-down method) was determined, and 15 fish were anesthetized with propofol on 4 consecutive days with MAC determination on the fifth day, weekly, for 1 mo. Using a crossover design, MAC of propofol (n = 15) was determined 1 hr following administration of i.m. butorphanol 0.05, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg, dexmedetomidine 0.01, 0.02, and 0.04 mg/kg, ketoprofen 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg, morphine 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg, or saline 1 ml/kg. Comparisons were performed with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests (P < 0.05) and Tango's score confidence interval. Propofol at 1 mg/L did not produce anesthesia. Induction time with 10 mg/L (112, 84–166 s) was faster than 5 mg/L (233, 150–289 s; P = 0.0078). Heart and opercular rates for 5 and 10 mg/L were 36 (24–72) beats/min, 58 (44–68) operculations/min and 39 (20–48) beats/min, 57 (48–80) operculations/min, respectively. Recovery time was 249 (143–396) s and 299 (117–886) s with 5 and 10 mg/L, respectively. Response to supramaximal stimulation was not significantly different with 5 mg/L (1/8) compared with 10 mg/L (0/8). Baseline and weekly MAC following daily exposure was 8.4 and 9.0, 8.1, 8.1, and 8.7 mg/L, respectively. MAC reduction was no more than 8% following any drug or dosage. Propofol at 5 and 10 mg/L produced anesthesia, and anesthetic needs were similar following repeated exposure. Propofol was not suitable to test MAC reduction in goldfish in this study.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE}, author={Balko, Julie A. and Wilson, Sarah K. and Lewbart, Gregory A. and Gaines, Brian R. and Posner, Lysa P.}, year={2017}, month={Mar}, pages={48–54} }
 @article{muller_gaines_gruen_case_arrufat_innes_lascelles_2016, title={Evaluation of Clinical Metrology Instrument in Dogs with Osteoarthritis}, volume={30}, ISSN={0891-6640}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvim.13923}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.13923}, abstractNote={BackgroundIn veterinary clinical pain studies, there is a paucity of data on test‐retest variability in Clinical Metrology Instruments (CMIs), and it is unknown whether CMIs should be administered using independent (respondents not permitted to see previous answers) or dependent (respondents shown previous answers) interviewing.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Muller, C. and Gaines, B. and Gruen, M. and Case, B. and Arrufat, K. and Innes, J. and Lascelles, B.D.X.}, year={2016}, month={Mar}, pages={836–846} }