@article{mu_genzer_gorman_2022, title={Degradable Anti-Biofouling Polyester Coatings with Controllable Lifetimes}, volume={38}, ISSN={["0743-7463"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02822}, DOI={10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02822}, abstractNote={To achieve degradable, anti-biofouling coatings with longer lifetimes and better mechanical properties, we synthesized a series of degradable co-polyesters composed of cyclic ketene acetals, di-(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate, and a photoactive curing agent, 4-benzoylphenyl methacrylate, using a radical ring-opening polymerization. The precursor co-polyesters were spin-coated on a benzophenone-functionalized silicon wafer to form ca. 60 nm films and drop-casted on glass to form ∼32 μm films. The copolymers were cross-linked via UV irradiation at 365 nm. The degradation of films was studied by immersing the specimens in aqueous buffers of different pH values. The results show that both the pH of buffer solutions and gel fractions of networks affect the degradation rate. The coatings show good bovine serum albumin resistance capability. By adjusting the fractions of monomers, the degradation rate and degree of hydration (e.g., swelling ratio) are controllable.}, number={4}, journal={LANGMUIR}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Mu, Gaoyan and Genzer, Jan and Gorman, Christopher B.}, year={2022}, month={Jan} }
 @article{djorgbenoo_rubio_yin_moore_jayapalan_fiadorwu_collins_velasco_allado_tsuruta_et al._2021, title={Amphiphilic phospholipid-iodinated polymer conjugates for bioimaging}, volume={5}, ISSN={["2047-4849"]}, DOI={10.1039/d0bm02098b}, abstractNote={Amphiphilic phospholipid–iodinated polymer conjugates were designed and synthesized as new macromolecular probes for a highly radiopaque and biocompatible imaging technology.}, journal={BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE}, author={Djorgbenoo, Richmond and Rubio, Mac Michael M. and Yin, Ziyu and Moore, Keyori J. and Jayapalan, Anitha and Fiadorwu, Joshua and Collins, Boyce E. and Velasco, Brian and Allado, Kokougan and Tsuruta, James K. and et al.}, year={2021}, month={May} }
 @article{castillo_dickey_gorman_genzer_efimenko_2021, title={Deposition of silicate coatings on poly(ethylene terephthalate) for improved scratch and solvent resistance}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1097-4628"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/app.51800}, DOI={10.1002/app.51800}, abstractNote={Abstract The surface of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films crystallizes when exposed to a broad class of organic solvents (protic polar, aprotic polar, and non‐polar). This phenomenon leads to irreversible changes in transparency and mechanical properties. It also limits PET films and coatings in applications including electronics, medicine, packaging, and construction. This work describes a method to impart solvent resistance to the PET surface by depositing a silicate film. This coating enables many post‐functionalization options, including those that tune wettability or impart antifouling characteristics to the parent PET surface. It also endows PET surface resistance to organic solvent exposure without affecting the overall mechanical and optical properties of the PET. Additionally, the silicate layer improves the scratch resistance of PET surfaces.}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Castillo, Gilbert A. and Dickey, Michael D. and Gorman, Christopher B. and Genzer, Jan and Efimenko, Kirill}, year={2021}, month={Oct} }
 @article{mu_pandiyarajan_lu_weaver_genzer_gorman_2021, title={Dynamic Surfaces-Degradable Polyester Networks that Resist Protein Adsorption}, volume={37}, ISSN={["0743-7463"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00890}, DOI={10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00890}, abstractNote={We synthesized a series of novel degradable alternating copolyesters composed of diglycolic anhydride (DGA) and two epoxides, epoxymethoxytriethylene glycol (ETEG) and a photoactive crosslinking agent epoxy benzophenone (EBP). After UV crosslinking, soaking the films in a good solvent (tetrahydrofuran) removed uncrosslinked material, and the resulting film gel fractions were calculated. These network films were then degraded in buffer solutions of varying pH values. The degradation of networks with lower gel fraction (fewer crosslinks) was faster and followed first-order kinetics. In contrast, the denser network degraded slower and followed zeroth-order kinetics. The lower gel fraction networks possess a higher swelling ratio and resist bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption better by entropic shielding and faster degradation. In comparison, higher gel fraction networks with higher EBP mole fractions adsorb more BSA due to hydrophobic interactions and slower degradation.}, number={30}, journal={LANGMUIR}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Mu, Gaoyan and Pandiyarajan, C. K. and Lu, Xiuyuan and Weaver, Matt and Genzer, Jan and Gorman, Christopher B.}, year={2021}, month={Aug}, pages={8978–8988} }
 @article{smith_fabiani_wang_ramesh_khan_santiso_silva_gorman_menegatti_2020, title={Exploring the physicochemical and morphological properties of peptide‐hybridized dendrimers (
            DendriPeps
            ) and their aggregates}, volume={58}, ISSN={2642-4150 2642-4169}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.20200277}, DOI={10.1002/pol.20200277}, abstractNote={Abstract This article presents an integrated experimental and computational study of DendriPeps, a novel class of dendrimers featuring a polyamidoamine (PAMAM) backbone hybridized with peptide segments. Hydroxyl‐terminated Generation 2 (G.2) DendriPeps, comprising either four lysines (Lys) or four glutamic acids (Glu), and G.3 DendriPeps, comprising 8 Lys or 8 Glu, were first characterized in terms of hydrodynamic radius ( R h ) and ζ‐potential in aqueous solution. Unlike PAMAM dendrimers, DendriPeps form aggregates with R h between 60 and 980 nm and ζ‐potential between −130 and 80 mV despite their strong net charge. Upon application of shear, all aggregates disassemble into monomeric DendriPeps ( R h ~ 1–3 nm), but reform rapidly as shear is removed. Rheological characterization confirmed that DendriPep aggregates are disrupted by mild shear, but reform reversibly. Molecular dynamics simulations, informed by titrimetry, suggest that DendriPep aggregation derives from their multipolar structure and ability to rearrange the intermolecular/intramolecular pairing of titratable moieties at different pH values.}, number={16}, journal={Journal of Polymer Science}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Smith, Ryan J. and Fabiani, Thomas and Wang, Siyao and Ramesh, Srivatsan and Khan, Saad and Santiso, Erik and Silva, Fernando Luis Barroso and Gorman, Christopher and Menegatti, Stefano}, year={2020}, month={Jul}, pages={2234–2247} }
 @article{park_gorman_ford_2020, title={Lanthanum carbonate nanofibers for phosphorus removal from water}, volume={55}, ISSN={["1573-4803"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10853-019-04324-8}, number={12}, journal={JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE}, author={Park, Yaewon and Gorman, Christopher and Ford, Ericka}, year={2020}, month={Apr}, pages={5008–5020} }
 @article{smith_gorman_menegatti_2020, title={Synthesis, structure, and function of internally functionalized dendrimers}, volume={59}, ISSN={2642-4150 2642-4169}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.20200721}, DOI={10.1002/pol.20200721}, abstractNote={The past three decades have witnessed an exponential increase in the structural diversity and applications of dendrimers, spanning across drug delivery and diagnostics, protein, and enzyme mimicry, solubility enhancement, coatings, light harvesting, and catalysis. The dendrimer community has recently focused on internally functionalized dendrimers (IFDs) owing to their advanced design and functionality. The synthesis of IFDs relies on advanced orthogonal chemistries and/or (de)protection schemes, as well as careful purification to minimize polydispersity of composition and molecular weight. The studies published on IFDs, however, lay scattered across the chemical literature, and a comprehensive presentation of structural rationale, synthetic procedures, and technologically relevant applications is missing. To address this need, this review presents a comprehensive collection and discussion of all available studies on IFDs, detailing their methods of synthesis and their structure–function correlations. The wide variety of internal functionalities, including hydroxyl, amine, carboxylic acid, allyl, alkyne, and imidazole groups, enables myriad applications in biochemistry, chemical and biomedical engineering, and material science. Particular focus is given to IFDs that are amenable to modular synthetic strategies, which promote higher synthetic yield and scalability, and therefore possess stronger translational and commercial potential. As such, this review guides research groups pursuing the difficult task of IFD rational design and synthesis providing them a concise roadmap to their mission.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Polymer Science}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Smith, Ryan J. and Gorman, Christopher and Menegatti, Stefano}, year={2020}, month={Dec}, pages={10–28} }
 @article{smith_gorman_menegatti_2019, title={DendriPeps: Expanding Dendrimer Functionality by Hybridizing Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) Scaffolds with Peptide Segments}, volume={40}, ISSN={["1521-3927"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.201900325}, DOI={10.1002/marc.201900325}, abstractNote={In this work, the first synthesis of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers whose branches are hybridized with peptide segments (DendriPeps) is reported. The intercalation of amino acids within the branches of PAMAMs provides supplementary internal functionalities to the coronal groups. Four DendriPep prototypes are synthesized with lysine or glutamic acid as “guest” amino acids, displaying, respectively, a primary amine or a carboxyl group, on generation (G)2 and G3 PAMAMs as host scaffolds. The precise control over the number, type, and topological placement of functional groups expands the functional behavior of DendriPeps beyond current PAMAM dendrimers toward new frontiers or colloids, drug delivery vectors, and catalysis.}, number={22}, journal={MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Smith, Ryan J. and Gorman, Christopher B. and Menegatti, Stefano}, year={2019}, month={Nov} }
 @article{ma_lin_kim_ko_kim_oh_sun_gorman_voinov_smirnov_et al._2019, title={Liquid Metal Nanoparticles as Initiators for Radical Polymerization of Vinyl Monomers}, volume={8}, ISSN={["2161-1653"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00783}, DOI={10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00783}, abstractNote={Sonication of gallium or gallium-based liquid metals in an aqueous solution of vinyl monomers leads to rapid free radical polymerization (FRP), without the need for conventional molecular initiators. Under ambient conditions, a passivating native oxide separates these metals from solution and renders the metal effectively inert. However, sonication generates liquid metal nanoparticles (LMNPs) of ∼100 nm diameter and thereby increases the surface area of the metal. The exposed metal initiates polymerization, which proceeds via a FRP mechanism and yields high molecular weight polymers that can form physical gels. Spin trapping EPR reveals the generation of free radicals. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements confirm direct polymer bonding to gallium, verifying the formation of surface-anchored polymer grafts. The grafted polymers can modify the interfacial properties, that is, the preference of the metal particles to disperse in aqueous versus organic phases. The polymer can also be degrafted and isolated from the particles using strong acid or base. The concept of physically disrupting passivated metal surfaces offers new routes for surface-initiated polymerization and has implications for surface modification, reduction reactions, and fabrication of mechanically responsive materials.}, number={11}, journal={ACS MACRO LETTERS}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Ma, Jinwoo and Lin, Yiliang and Kim, Yong-Woo and Ko, Yeongun and Kim, Jongbeom and Oh, Kyu Hwan and Sun, Jeong-Yun and Gorman, Christopher B. and Voinov, Maxim A. and Smirnov, Alex I. and et al.}, year={2019}, month={Nov}, pages={1522–1527} }
 @article{garcia_pech_sommer_gorman_2019, title={Synthesis of 5,12-Diazapentacenes and Their Properties}, volume={84}, ISSN={["1520-6904"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.9b01628}, DOI={10.1021/acs.joc.9b01628}, abstractNote={An efficient synthesis via a precursor route to a new class of linear dialkyldiaminoazapentacenes is reported. The synthetic route involves the coupling of 4-substituted aniline derivatives to 2,5-dibromoterephthalonitrile via Buchwald-Hartwig amination followed by an acid-mediated cyclization to furnish the diazapentacenes. These reactions occur under short reaction times (<2 h), provide high yields (77-99%), and do not require column chromatography for purification. The electrochemical and optical properties of the diazapentacenes were evaluated, and the values indicate that these molecules are promising n-type materials for organic electronic devices. The photostability of these molecules was significantly greater than unsubstituted acenes. Their method of degradation via endoperoxide generation was confirmed by X-ray crystallography and mass spectrometry.}, number={23}, journal={JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Garcia, Rosalva C. and Pech, Matthew J. and Sommer, Roger and Gorman, Christopher B.}, year={2019}, month={Dec}, pages={15079–15086} }
 @article{castillo_wilson_efimenko_dickey_gorman_genzer_2016, title={Amidation of Polyesters Is Slow in Nonaqueous Solvents: Efficient Amidation of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) with 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane in Water for Generating Multifunctional Surfaces}, volume={8}, ISSN={1944-8244 1944-8252}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ACSAMI.6B12155}, DOI={10.1021/acsami.6b12155}, abstractNote={This paper describes surface functionalization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films by transamidation of the ester groups with primary amines. The use of water as a solvent improves tremendously the reaction rate and yield compared to conventionally used alcohols. In this study, PET films were exposed to an aqueous solution of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), which resulted in ester-to-amide reactions on the surface of the film. Hydrolysis of the resulting ethoxy moieties in APTES creates hydroxyl groups that can be used as anchoring points for further modification of PET films. This scheme offers an alternative approach to modify polyesters using water as the solvent.}, number={51}, journal={ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Castillo, Gilbert A. and Wilson, Lance and Efimenko, Kirill and Dickey, Michael D. and Gorman, Christopher B. and Genzer, Jan}, year={2016}, month={Dec}, pages={35641–35649} }
 @article{hu_gorman_2014, title={Resisting protein adsorption on biodegradable polyester brushes}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1878-7568"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.actbio.2014.04.032}, abstractNote={The protein adsorption and degradation behaviors of poly(lactic acid), poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) brushes and their co-polymer brushes with oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) were studied. Both brush structure and relative amount of OEG and polyester were found to be important to the protein resistance of the brushes. A protein-resisting surface can be fabricated either by using OEG as the top layer of a copolymer brush or by increasing the amount of OEG relative to polyester when using a hydroxyl terminated OEG (OEG-OH) and a methoxy terminated OEG (OEG-OMe) mixture as the substrate layer. The degradation of single polyester brushes and their co-polymer brushes using OEG-OH as a substrate layer or using OEG as a top layer was hindered. This phenomenon was rationalized by the inhibition of the proposed back-biting process as the hydroxy end groups of polyester were blocked by OEG molecules. Among these brushes tested, PGA co-polymer brushes using the methoxy/hydroxyl OEG mixture as the substrate layer proved to be both protein-resistant and degradable due to the relatively large amount of OEG moieties and the good biodegradability of PGA.}, number={8}, journal={ACTA BIOMATERIALIA}, author={Hu, Xinfang and Gorman, Christopher B.}, year={2014}, month={Aug}, pages={3497–3504} }
 @article{hu_hu_crawford_gorman_2013, title={Comparison of the growth and degradation of Poly(glycolic acid) and Poly(epsilon-caprolactone) brushes}, volume={51}, number={21}, journal={Journal of Polymer Science. Part A, Polymer Chemistry}, author={Hu, X. F. and Hu, G. F. and Crawford, K. and Gorman, C. B.}, year={2013}, pages={4643–4649} }
 @article{hu_hu_crawford_gorman_2013, title={Comparison of the growth and degradation of poly(glycolic acid) and poly(ε-caprolactone) brushes}, ISSN={0887-624X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/POLA.26885}, DOI={10.1002/POLA.26885}, abstractNote={The growth and degradation of poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) brushes were compared. Using tin (octanoate) as the catalyst, optimal conditions were found for growth of each polyester brush from the hydroxy-terminated silicon surface via ring-opening polymerization. PCL brushes grew thicker at elevated temperatures but the thickest PGA brushes grew at room temperature. Unlike bulk polyesters that can degrade under both acidic and basic conditions, the confined surface polyester brushes only degraded under neutral or basic conditions. The degradation mechanism of grafted polyester brushes was probed through a blocking test. It was shown that the terminal hydroxy groups of these polyester brushes were essential to the degradation process indicating a preferential backbiting mechanism. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 4643–4649}, journal={Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Hu, Xinfang and Hu, Gongfang and Crawford, Kaitlyn and Gorman, Christopher B.}, year={2013}, month={Aug}, pages={n/a-n/a} }
 @article{bain_dawes_oezcam_hu_gorman_srogl_genzer_2012, title={Surface-Initiated Polymerization by Means of Novel, Stable, Non-Ester-Based Radical Initiator}, volume={45}, ISSN={["1520-5835"]}, DOI={10.1021/ma300491e}, abstractNote={A novel, ester-free initiator for surface-initiated free radical polymerization has been synthesized and tested. The structurally non-symmetrical azo-based initiator features a chemically stable alkane linker between the initiating group and the silane anchoring group, setting it apart from the majority of surface initiators that are linked by hydrolyzable moieties, such as esters. The novel design of the initiator is bolstered by an original synthetic approach, leading to a greater yield and a dramatic reduction in cyanide usage relative to previous methods. Here we demonstrate the capability of this novel initiator for surface-initiated free radical polymerization (SI-FRP), reverse ATRP, and RAFT, noting that Arrhenius behavior of SI-FRP differs significantly from that of FRP in the bulk. Furthermore, we show that polymer brushes formed from the novel initiator are more stable than those formed from ester-based initiators.}, number={9}, journal={MACROMOLECULES}, author={Bain, Erich D. and Dawes, Keith and Oezcam, A. Evren and Hu, Xinfang and Gorman, Christopher B. and Srogl, Jiri and Genzer, Jan}, year={2012}, month={May}, pages={3802–3815} }
 @article{he_tucker_gorman_he_2011, title={Chemical amplification for in-gel DNA detection}, volume={3}, ISSN={["1759-9679"]}, DOI={10.1039/c1ay05514c}, abstractNote={We report the use of reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization as a highly efficient chemical amplification means to direct visualization of DNA in porous polyacrylamide gel. It is the first time that a dynamic polymer growth on the surface of soft medium is used in signal amplification for DNA detection. In the proof-of-concept experiment, a thin acrylamide gel on a glass microscope slide formed a thin layer of uniformly crosslinked network with porous structures. Oligonucleotides of different sequences were entrapped within the gel at separate spots. Hybridization of complementary DNA detection probes introduced chain transfer agents (CTAs) into the gel via preconjugation to the probes. Surface-initiated polymer growth was prompted on the gel surface and the growth of polymer brushes at the spot where DNA hybridization occurred was monitored using infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Visible change in the texture of the porous gel occurred after polymer growth, which offered an attractive detection alternative for in-gel DNA analysis. Compared to the results from traditional ethidium bromide staining, better detection sensitivity and specificity were achieved.}, number={11}, journal={ANALYTICAL METHODS}, author={He, Peng and Tucker, Eric Z. and Gorman, Christopher B. and He, Lin}, year={2011}, month={Nov}, pages={2463–2468} }
 @article{xu_crawford_gorman_2011, title={Effects of Temperature and pH on the Degradation of Poly(lactic acid) Brushes}, volume={44}, ISSN={["0024-9297"]}, DOI={10.1021/ma2000948}, abstractNote={Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) brushes were prepared through surface initiated ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide. Their degradation (depolymerization) was characterized by tracking their ellipsometric thickness as a function of time by repeated emersion from buffered, aqueous solutions. The pH and temperature both had a large effect on the rate of degradation. PLA brushes do not degrade in a manner similar to that of bulk PLA. Several experiments were performed, the results of which suggest that intramolecular transesterification (backbiting) was the pathway for the degradation of the PLA brush in basic, aqueous solution, similar to what has been observed for the depolymerization of PLA oligomers in basic solution. The PLA brushes degrade very slowly in acidic solution. This behavior is similar to the degradation of PLA oligomers in acidic solution.}, number={12}, journal={MACROMOLECULES}, author={Xu, Lebo and Crawford, Kaitlyn and Gorman, Christopher B.}, year={2011}, month={Jun}, pages={4777–4782} }
 @article{gorman_kim_2011, title={Monolayers and nanoparticles of terminal alkynes on gold: Investigation of their structure and behaviors}, volume={52}, journal={Polymer Preprints}, author={Gorman, C.B. and Kim, Y.-H.}, year={2011}, pages={836–837} }
 @article{brannock_behof_morrison_gorman_2011, title={Overcoming challenges in the palladium-catalyzed synthesis of electron deficient ortho-substituted aryl acetonitriles}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1477-0539"]}, DOI={10.1039/c0ob00903b}, abstractNote={Highly electron deficient monoaryl, di-aryl and bis-diaryl acetonitriles were effectively synthesized using either a nucleophilic aromatic substitution (NAS) or a palladium-mediated coupling pathway. Synthesis of di-aryl acetonitriles most conveniently proceeded via NAS – palladium-mediated coupling was not required. This reaction, however, results in a product that is more acidic than the reactants. Facile deprotonation of the product prevents efficient formation of the bis-diaryl acetonitrile through a NAS pathway. Thus, palladium-mediated coupling is required to prepare the bis-diaryl acetonitrile efficiently. In the palladium-catalyzed coupling, choice of base and solvent (and thus the counter cation for the benzylic anion nucleophile) is important. Also, choice of the supporting ligand is important, indicating the sensitivity of the reaction to steric and ligand electronic effects.}, number={8}, journal={ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY}, author={Brannock, Molly C. and Behof, William J. and Morrison, Gregory and Gorman, Christopher B.}, year={2011}, pages={2661–2666} }
 @article{kim_gorman_2011, title={Standing Up versus Looping Over: Controlling the Geometry of Self-Assembled Monolayers of α,ω-Diynes on Gold}, volume={27}, ISSN={0743-7463 1520-5827}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la2005979}, DOI={10.1021/la2005979}, abstractNote={It is shown that self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) composed of α,ω-diynes on gold have different structures depending on the concentration of molecules used to make the SAM. Evidence for both hairpinned and standing-up molecules is provided. This behavior is in contrast to SAMs of α,ω-dithiols on gold, which generally form SAMs with only the straight conformation. The looped SAMs composed of α,ω-diynes offer a less densely packed and thus somewhat accessible surface that may be useful when the underlying surface is used as an electrode. Furthermore, biasing the structure of the molecules in the SAM between looped and standing-up may be useful in the design of dynamic surfaces.}, number={10}, journal={Langmuir}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Kim, Yun-Ho and Gorman, Christopher B.}, year={2011}, month={May}, pages={6069–6075} }
 @article{behof_wang_niu_gorman_2010, title={Cascade Cyclization To Produce a Series of Fused, Aromatic Molecules}, volume={12}, ISSN={["1523-7060"]}, DOI={10.1021/ol100656d}, abstractNote={An efficient synthesis of fully aromatic, fused-ring, monoaza-acenes through a nucleophile initiated cascading cyclization is illustrated. Photophysical properties of the resulting molecules are reported.}, number={9}, journal={ORGANIC LETTERS}, author={Behof, William J. and Wang, Dongchuan and Niu, Weijun and Gorman, Christopher B.}, year={2010}, month={May}, pages={2146–2148} }
 @inbook{gorman_2010, place={Hoboken, N.J}, title={Dendritic encapsulation of redox-active units}, booktitle={Electrochemistry of Functional Supramolecular Systems}, publisher={John Wiley & Sons}, author={Gorman, C.B.}, editor={Venturi, M. and Ceroni, P. and Credi, A.Editors}, year={2010}, pages={87–120} }
 @article{sharma_kim_cameron_lyndon_gorman_2010, title={Dendritically Encapsulated, Water-Soluble Fe4S4: Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties}, volume={49}, ISSN={["0020-1669"]}, DOI={10.1021/ic1002447}, abstractNote={Amphiphilic, Fe(4)S(4) cluster core dendrimers can be prepared via ligand exchange with dendrons containing carboxylic acid peripheral groups and a thiol focal group. These amphiphilic dendrons are more susceptible to oxidative disulfide formation than their non-amphiphilic analogues reported previously. Thus, an in situ deprotection of an aromatic thioacetate was necessary to prepare the dendrimers. These molecules showed the expected decrease in rate with increasing generation. A slower rate of heterogeneous electron transfer was found when these molecules were compared with non-amphiphilic analogues. This behavior correlated with their larger size and thus a larger effective distance of electron transfer. Voltammetry in DMSO with added water makes the dendrimers easier to reduce, but the change in redox potential is much smaller for all dendrimers when compared to a non-dendritic analogue. This behavior is consistent with the idea that the dendrimers encapsulate the cluster to some degree, creating a hydrophobic microenvironment around the cluster.}, number={11}, journal={INORGANIC CHEMISTRY}, author={Sharma, Anil K. and Kim, Namjin and Cameron, Christopher S. and Lyndon, Matthew and Gorman, Christopher B.}, year={2010}, month={Jun}, pages={5072–5078} }
 @article{brannock_gorman_2010, title={Investigating the reactivity of benzylic nitriles in palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions}, volume={240}, journal={Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society}, author={Brannock, Molly C. and Gorman, Christopher B.}, year={2010} }
 @article{xu_gorman_2010, title={Poly(lactic acid) brushes grow longer at lower temperatures}, volume={48}, ISSN={0887-624X 1099-0518}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.24120}, DOI={10.1002/pola.24120}, abstractNote={Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) brushes prepared by the ring opening of lactide were thicker when polymerized at a lower temperature (25 °C) than was typically used for polymerization in solution. The molecular weight of solution polymerized lactide was also higher when lactide was polymerized at 25 °C compared with polymerization at higher temperatures. However, the yield of PLA was low at this temperature. These results highlight the different requirements for solution polymerization and brush growth. In the former case, both percentage of conversion and molecular weight are important considerations. In the latter case, however, percentage of conversion is unimportant as a brush represents a very small amount of polymer. It was also shown during the course of these studies that the native hydroxy groups on silicon substrates and silanols in solution were equally good initiators when compared with hydroxy terminated self-assembled monolayers on gold and alcohols, respectively.}, number={15}, journal={Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Xu, Lebo and Gorman, Christopher B.}, year={2010}, month={Jun}, pages={3362–3367} }
 @article{tucker_gorman_2010, title={Terminal Alkynes as an Ink or Background SAM in Replacement Lithography: Adventitious versus Directed Replacement}, volume={26}, ISSN={0743-7463 1520-5827}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la101676h}, DOI={10.1021/la101676h}, abstractNote={Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) comprised from n-alkanethiols and terminal alkynes were subjected to solutions containing ferrocene-terminated thiol, thioacetate, and terminal alkyne. The rate and extent of chemical exchange were monitored by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). In several cases, a rate constant for exchange could be obtained by fitting to a model for exchange. In each case where this could be accomplished, a different rate model gave the best fit to the data, suggesting that the mechanism of exchange depended on either or both the original SAM and the incoming molecule. In scenarios where the rate of exchange was slow, directed exchange was accomplished via STM tip-induced lithographic patterning (replacement lithography). The extent of exchange was independent of the incoming molecule, suggesting that tip-induced desorption was the limiting factor in this process.}, number={18}, journal={Langmuir}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Tucker, Eric Z. and Gorman, Christopher B.}, year={2010}, month={Sep}, pages={15027–15034} }
 @article{wan_niu_behof_wang_boyle_gorman_2009, title={Aminoisoquinolines as colorimetric Hg2+ sensors: the importance of molecular structure and sacrificial base}, volume={65}, ISSN={["0040-4020"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.tet.2009.03.063}, abstractNote={Here it is shown that 3-phenyl-2-amino isoquinoline acts as a simple mercury sensor. It is simple to synthesize. The molecule requires base/buffer to bind in a 1:1 stoichiometry with mercury ion, however. Otherwise, it acts as a sacrificial base, presumably to pick up a proton liberated during binding. This binding is characterized quantitatively.}, number={22}, journal={TETRAHEDRON}, author={Wan, Yanjun and Niu, Weijun and Behof, William J. and Wang, Yifei and Boyle, Paul and Gorman, Christopher B.}, year={2009}, month={May}, pages={4293–4297} }
 @misc{gorman_felheim_fuierer_2009, title={Gradient fabrication to direct transport on a surface}, volume={7,601,394}, number={2009 Oct. 13}, author={Gorman, C. B. and Felheim, D. L. and Fuierer, R. R.}, year={2009} }
 @article{gorman_hong_sharma_2009, title={POLY 283-Understanding how structure and dynamics influence electron transfer between redox-active cluster core dendrimers}, volume={238}, journal={Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society}, author={Gorman, Christopher B. and Hong, Young-Rae and Sharma, Anil}, year={2009} }
 @article{behof_gorman_2009, title={Synthesis of fused aromatic systems through a cascading cyclization of cyano-containing oligomers}, volume={238}, journal={Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society}, author={Behof, William J. and Gorman, Christopher B.}, year={2009} }
 @article{gorman_hong_sharma_2009, title={Understanding how structure and dynamics influences electron transfer between redox-active cluster core dendrimers}, volume={50}, number={2}, journal={Polymer Preprints}, author={Gorman, C.B. and Hong, Y.-R. and Sharma, A.}, year={2009}, pages={360} }
 @article{ayres_chandra_gorman_2008, title={COLL 465-Synthesis and characterization of nanoparticle assemblies for electronic applications}, volume={235}, journal={Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society}, author={Ayres, Jennifer A. and Chandra, Kusum L. and Gorman, Christopher B.}, year={2008} }
 @misc{prabhakaran_sharma_gorman_2008, title={Chlorosulfonic Acid}, ISBN={0471936235 9780471936237 047084289X 9780470842898}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/047084289X.rc148.pub2}, DOI={10.1002/047084289X.rc148.pub2}, abstractNote={[7790-94-5] HClO3S (MW 116.53) InChI = 1S/ClHO3S/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H,2,3,4) InChIKey = XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (strong acid with weak sulfur–chlorine bond; a strong sulfating, sulfonating, and dehydrating agent; also a chlorinating agent) Alternate Name: chlorosulfuric acid. Physical Data: mp −81 to −80 °C; bp 151–152 °C/755 mmHg; d 1.753 g cm−3. Solubility: sol 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylene, chloroform, dichloromethane, nitrobenzene, acetic acid, and acetic anhydride; slightly sol carbon disulfide and carbon tetrachloride; reacts with alcoholic solvents. Form Supplied in: colorless liquid. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: strong acid, causing severe chemical burns if in contact with skin; use in a fume hood, since fumes are hazardous and extremely irritating to eyes, nose, and respiratory tract; reacts violently with moisture, releasing HCl and H2SO4; store under nitrogen in a cool dry place.}, journal={Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis}, publisher={John Wiley & Sons, Ltd}, author={Prabhakaran, Prabu C. and Sharma, Anil and Gorman, Christopher}, year={2008}, month={Mar} }
 @article{gorman_petrie_genzer_2008, title={Effect of substrate geometry on polymer molecular weight and polydispersity during surface-initiated polymerization}, volume={41}, ISSN={["1520-5835"]}, DOI={10.1021/ma8004857}, abstractNote={Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) anchored chains were grown on porous silicon (p-Si) and anodically etched aluminum oxide (AAO) substrates via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Using hydrogen fluoride, the chains could be cleaved from the substrates, as evidenced by infrared spectroscopy. The molecular weights and molecular weight distributions of PMMA could be analyzed directly on these substrates (after cleaving the chains from the support) using direct ionization mass spectrometry (DIOS-MS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). Two principal conclusions were drawn from the study. First, matrix-free DIOS-MS was effective at direct analysis of the polymers up to a molecular weight of ≈6 kDa; the signal-to-noise ratio for heavier polymer chains diminished rapidly. Second, under the same polymerization conditions, PMMA grown on both p-Si and AAO substrates had a much lower molecular weight and a broader molecular weight distribution than that grown in solution. Confinement effects imposed by the pores during the polymerization are proposed as the likely mechanism for the reduced growth rates and more polydisperse chains.}, number={13}, journal={MACROMOLECULES}, author={Gorman, Christopher B. and Petrie, Randall J. and Genzer, Jan}, year={2008}, month={Jul}, pages={4856–4865} }
 @article{na_ayres_chandra_gorman_parsons_2008, title={Nanoencapsulation and Stabilization of Single-Molecule/Particle Electronic Nanoassemblies Using Low-Temperature Atomic Layer Deposition}, volume={112}, ISSN={["1932-7447"]}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000261835000061&KeyUID=WOS:000261835000061}, DOI={10.1021/jp8066298}, abstractNote={This work addresses a significant challenge in engineered molecular systems regarding both understanding and controlling the stability of molecule/nanoparticle nanostructures under ambient exposure. Results deal specifically with molecular electronic junctions, where electronic contacts and transport are known to be sensitive to sample history and ambient exposure. We demonstrate that low-temperature atomic layer deposition can gently encapsulate and stabilize molecular electronic junctions, making it feasible to handle and transport junctions in air for many days with minimal change in electronic conduction. These findings indicate the potential for long-term stability of advanced synthetic nanoparticle/molecule nanoconstructs. For this study, conductivity through nanoparticle/molecule/nanoparticle junctions is analyzed and found to be consistent with nonresonant charge tunneling through a single or a small number of oligomeric phenylene ethynylene molecules in the electrical junction. The conductivity was stable in vacuum and inert gas, but under ambient exposure, the current initially decreased, then increased rapidly, followed by a slower rise, reaching a value exceeding 10 times larger than initially measured. After encapsulating functional devices using atomic layer deposition of aluminum oxide thin films at 30−50 °C, the junction showed conductance similar to the precoated values, and the current remained unchanged after more than 15 days under ambient exposure. The presence of the molecule junction after encapsulation was confirmed by the observed transition to Fowler−Nordheim tunneling and analysis of junction breakdown at high fields. The high conformality, precise thickness control, and low-temperature compatibility of the atomic layer deposition method make it uniquely qualified to stabilize and protect molecular junctions and systems.}, number={51}, journal={JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C}, author={Na, Jeong-Seok and Ayres, Jennifer A. and Chandra, Kusum L. and Gorman, Christopher B. and Parsons, Gregory N.}, year={2008}, month={Dec}, pages={20510–20517} }
 @article{he_zheng_tucker_gorman_he_2008, title={Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization in DNA biosensing}, volume={80}, ISSN={["0003-2700"]}, DOI={10.1021/ac702608k}, abstractNote={Reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer polymerization is employed here to allow detector-free visualization of specific DNA sequences for which dynamic polymer growth is used in signal amplification. In particular, surface-initiated polymer growth was regulated by the immobilization of chain transfer agents on the Au surface where DNA hybridization occurred. A linear polymer growth was observed as a function of the reaction time, characteristic of “living” polymer reactions. Significant improvement in assay sensitivity was realized in comparison to the previously reported polymerization-based sensing method by enhancing polymer growth rate and reducing background noises caused by nonspecific adsorption. Direct visualization of fewer than 2,000 copies of a short oligonucleotide sequence was demonstrated in a detector-free fashion.}, number={10}, journal={ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY}, author={He, Peng and Zheng, Weiming and Tucker, Eric Z. and Gorman, Christopher B. and He, Lin}, year={2008}, month={May}, pages={3633–3639} }
 @article{williams_gorman_2007, title={Alkanethiol reductive desorption from self-assembled monolayers on gold, platinum, and palladium substrates}, volume={111}, ISSN={["1932-7447"]}, DOI={10.1021/jp072869a}, abstractNote={The reductive desorption of n-alkanethiolate (RS-) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold, platinum, and palladium substrates was investigated. The kinetics of this process were too slow to measure directly in the case of RS−Pt and RS−Pd SAMs. Thus, the faradaic response of potassium ferricyanide after partial or complete desorption was determined and used to quantify the relative electrochemically accessible surface area. Both the type of underlying metal substrate and the chain length of the n-alkanethiol were varied. The relative alkanethiol binding affinity and effective kinetics of binding for each of the substrates were discussed in light of these observations.}, number={34}, journal={JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C}, author={Williams, James A. and Gorman, Christopher B.}, year={2007}, month={Aug}, pages={12804–12810} }
 @article{chandra_zhang_gorman_2007, title={An effective, orthogonal deprotection strategy for differentially functionalized, linear and Y-shaped oligo phenylene ethynylenes}, volume={63}, ISSN={["1464-5416"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.tet.2007.05.006}, abstractNote={Several methodologies for the selective deprotection acetylenes have been reported previously. However, as is shown here, they are often not reliable or convenient. Here, an approach is reported that is efficient and general. Use of this approach to synthesize several two- and three-armed oligo(phenylene ethynylene) molecules with differentiated end groups is reported. In addition, preliminary characterization of the fluorescent properties of some of these molecules and their ability to form self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) is reported.}, number={30}, journal={TETRAHEDRON}, author={Chandra, Kusum L. and Zhang, Sheng and Gorman, Christopher B.}, year={2007}, month={Jul}, pages={7120–7132} }
 @article{na_ayres_chandra_chu_gorman_parsons_2007, title={Conduction mechanisms and stability of single molecule nanoparticle/molecule/nanoparticle junctions}, volume={18}, ISSN={0957-4484 1361-6528}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/18/3/035203}, DOI={10.1088/0957-4484/18/3/035203}, abstractNote={Nanoparticle/molecule/nanoparticle dimer assemblies have been successfully trapped by dielectrophoresis across nanogap electrodes, enabling temperature dependent charge transport measurements through an oligomeric phenylene ethynylene molecule, and transition from direct tunnelling to Fowler-Nordheim tunnelling is observed at approximately 1.5 V. Samples formed by dielectrophoresis show better contact stability than those formed by receding meniscus. The junction shows stable operation over several weeks in a vacuum, but current increases with time upon exposure to air, possibly due to the adsorbed water molecules near the molecule/gold nanoparticle contacts.}, number={3}, journal={Nanotechnology}, publisher={IOP Publishing}, author={Na, Jeong-Seok and Ayres, Jennifer and Chandra, Kusum L and Chu, Changwoong and Gorman, Christopher B and Parsons, Gregory N}, year={2007}, month={Jan}, pages={035203} }
 @article{hong_gorman_2007, title={Effect of dendrimer generation on electron self-exchange kinetics between metal tris(bipyridine) core dendrimers}, ISSN={["1359-7345"]}, DOI={10.1039/b704585a}, abstractNote={Here we report the first measurement of homogeneous electron transfer between oxidized and reduced metal tris(bipyridine) core dendrimers by NMR line-broadening; the results indicated that, as the generation of the dendrimer increased, the rate of self-exchange decreased.}, number={30}, journal={CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS}, author={Hong, Young-Rae and Gorman, Christopher B.}, year={2007}, pages={3195–3197} }
 @article{sharma_subramani_gorman_2007, title={Efficient synthesis of halo indanones via chlorosulfonic acid mediated Friedel-Crafts cyclization of aryl propionic acids and their use in alkylation reactions}, volume={63}, ISSN={["0040-4020"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.tet.2006.10.065}, abstractNote={Several halo indanones were synthesized from benzyl Meldrum's acid derivatives in two steps. Although several Lewis acids are effective for the Friedel–Crafts ring-closing reaction on more electron-rich arenes, in the case of the electron-deficient arenes this chemistry is not efficient. Here it is reported that chlorosulfonic acid (used as solvent) is an efficient reagent for cyclization of electron-withdrawing arenes. These molecules are potentially useful for subsequent alkylation reactions. The selective alkylation of 5,7-dibromo indanone is demonstrated using Pd-catalyzed Grignard coupling to provide monoalkylated indanone in good yield.}, number={2}, journal={TETRAHEDRON}, author={Sharma, Anil K. and Subramani, Amutha V. and Gorman, Christopher B.}, year={2007}, month={Jan}, pages={389–395} }
 @article{chu_ayres_stefanescu_walker_gorman_parsons_2007, title={Enhanced conduction through isocyanide terminal groups in alkane and biphenylene molecules measured in molecule/nanoparticle/molecule junctions}, volume={111}, ISSN={["1932-7447"]}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000246842400037&KeyUID=WOS:000246842400037}, DOI={10.1021/jp065377r}, abstractNote={Electrical conductance through conjugated biphenyl and saturated alkane molecules on gold electrodes is characterized using a molecule/nanoparticle/molecule electrical test-bed assembly, and comparisons are made between molecules containing isocyanide (−NC) and thiol (−S) terminal groups bound to the gold. Current versus voltage analysis is consistent with charge tunneling through all systems studied. For molecules containing biphenyl, diphenyl acetylene, and alkane bridges, those containing an isocyanide terminal group show an order of magnitude increase in conductance as compared to those containing a thiol terminal group. Various theoretical predictions of the effect of isocyanide terminal groups on charge transfer through conjugated molecular systems are discussed and related to the results observed for charge transfer through conjugated and saturated molecules. The similar trends in charge transport observed for the different metal/linker interfaces suggest that the metal/linker contact plays an important role in interface electronic structure, even when the molecules are expected to have very different electron delocalization across the backbone.}, number={22}, journal={JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C}, author={Chu, Changwoong and Ayres, J. A. and Stefanescu, D. M. and Walker, B. R. and Gorman, Christopher B. and Parsons, Gregory N.}, year={2007}, month={Jun}, pages={8080–8085} }
 @article{niu_sharma_behof_gorman_2007, title={Facile Conversion of Precursor Aromatic Ladder Polymers and Oligomers}, volume={48}, number={2}, journal={Polymer Preprints}, author={Niu, W. and Sharma, A. and Behof, W. and Gorman, C.B.}, year={2007}, pages={37} }
 @article{gorman_hong_sharma_2007, title={Homogeneous electron transfer between redox-active cluster core dendrimers}, volume={48}, number={2}, journal={Polymer Preprints}, author={Gorman, C.B. and Hong, Y.-R. and Sharma, A.}, year={2007}, pages={531} }
 @article{parsons_peng_na_hyde_sun_spagnola_stewart_vangundy_ayres_chandra_et al._2007, title={INOR 414-Advanced applications for low-temperature atomic layer deposition}, volume={234}, journal={Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society}, author={Parsons, Gregory N. and Peng, Qing and Na, Jeong-Seok and Hyde, G. Kevin and Sun, Xiaoyu and Spagnola, Joseph C. and Stewart, S. Michael and VanGundy, Ryan M. and Ayres, Jennifer A. and Chandra, Kusum L. and et al.}, year={2007} }
 @article{sharma_kim_gorman_2007, title={Mimicking of Iron-sulfur Cluster Proteins: Synthesis and Electrochemical Behavior of Amphiphilic Dendrimers}, volume={48}, number={2}, journal={Polymer Preprints}, author={Sharma, A.K. and Kim, N. and Gorman, C.B.}, year={2007}, pages={533} }
 @article{gorman_williams_lewis_tucker_2007, title={Nanometer Scale Patterning Using Replacement Lithography: Approach and Potential Utility in Molecular Electronics}, volume={13}, ISSN={1431-9276 1435-8115}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1431927607072765}, DOI={10.1017/S1431927607072765}, number={S02}, journal={Microscopy and Microanalysis}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Gorman, C and Williams, J and Lewis, M and Tucker, E}, year={2007}, month={Aug} }
 @article{chandra_gorman_2007, title={ORGN 354-Synthesis of differentially functionalized OPEs via regioselective deprotection for use in molecular electronics}, volume={234}, journal={Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society}, author={Chandra, Kusum L. and Gorman, Christopher B.}, year={2007} }
 @article{niu_sharma_behof_gorman_2007, title={POLY 668-Facile conversion of precursor aromatic ladder polymers and oligomers}, volume={234}, journal={Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society}, author={Niu, Weijun and Sharma, Anil and Behof, William J. and Gorman, Christopher B.}, year={2007} }
 @article{na_ayres_chandra_gorman_parsons_2007, title={Real-time conductivity analysis through single-molecule electrical junctions}, volume={18}, ISSN={0957-4484 1361-6528}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/18/42/424001}, DOI={10.1088/0957-4484/18/42/424001}, abstractNote={Conductance through single-molecule junctions, consisting of nanoparticle/molecule/nanoparticle units between nanoscale planar electrodes, was monitored in real time during several process sequences, including dielectrophoretic directed self-assembly and post-assembly modification. Assembly faults are directly detected in real time when non-ideal assembly conditions result in molecular junction failure and nanoparticle fusion in the junction. The real-time conductivity measured through the junction was sensitive to ambient conditions, and changes persisted over several days of exposure. Atomic layer deposition of Al(2)O(3) was used to encapsulate and isolate the molecular junctions, and the effect of the deposition process sequence on current through the junction was evaluated in real time. Results indicate that the current measured during atomic layer deposition is sensitive to the chemical oxidation and reduction reactions proceeding in the 1-2 nm confined region between assembled nanoparticles.}, number={42}, journal={Nanotechnology}, publisher={IOP Publishing}, author={Na, Jeong-Seok and Ayres, Jennifer and Chandra, Kusum L and Gorman, Christopher B and Parsons, Gregory N}, year={2007}, month={Sep}, pages={424001} }
 @article{williams_gorman_2007, title={Scanning tunneling microscopy-based replacement lithography on self-assembled monolayers: Comparison of gold, palladium, and platinum substrates}, volume={23}, ISSN={["0743-7463"]}, DOI={10.1021/la061472f}, abstractNote={Self-assembled monolayers of dodecanethiol on gold, palladium, and platinum can be locally replaced with a different thiol under the action of a scanning tunneling microscopy tip at elevated bias. This process is characterized and the bias dependence of the degree of replacement for each metal substrate is illustrated. Replacement on gold substrates occurs at lower applied potentials than on platinum substrates, provided care has been taken to remove surface oxides.}, number={6}, journal={LANGMUIR}, author={Williams, James A. and Gorman, Christopher B.}, year={2007}, month={Mar}, pages={3103–3105} }
 @article{zhang_chandra_gorman_2007, title={Self-Assembled Monolayers of Terminal Alkynes on Gold}, volume={129}, ISSN={0002-7863 1520-5126}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja0704380}, DOI={10.1021/ja0704380}, abstractNote={ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSelf-Assembled Monolayers of Terminal Alkynes on GoldSheng Zhang, Kusum L. Chandra, and Christopher B. GormanView Author Information Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Box 8204, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 16, 4876–4877Publication Date (Web):March 31, 2007Publication History Received20 January 2007Published online31 March 2007Published inissue 1 April 2007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0704380Copyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2972Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (117 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Gold,Hydrocarbons,Metal nanoparticles,Molecules,Thickness Get e-Alerts}, number={16}, journal={Journal of the American Chemical Society}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Zhang, Sheng and Chandra, Kusum L. and Gorman, Christopher B.}, year={2007}, month={Apr}, pages={4876–4877} }
 @article{ayres_chandra_gorman_2007, title={Synthesis and characterization of nanoparticle assemblies for electronic applications}, volume={233}, journal={Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society}, author={Ayres, Jennifer A. and Chandra, Kusum L. and Gorman, Christopher B.}, year={2007} }
 @article{hong_gorman_2006, title={Attenuating electron-transfer rates via dendrimer encapsulation: The case of metal tris(bipyridine) core dendrimers}, volume={22}, ISSN={["0743-7463"]}, DOI={10.1021/la060867w}, abstractNote={Heterogeneous electron-transfer rates in metal tris(bipyridine) core dendrimers were measured using Osteryoung square-wave voltammetry. Rates decreased with generation, and this decrease could be correlated with the molecular weight increase. These results indicate that the coordination number around the redox center did not play any special role in sterically encapsulating the redox center.}, number={25}, journal={LANGMUIR}, author={Hong, Young-Rae and Gorman, Christopher B.}, year={2006}, month={Dec}, pages={10506–10509} }
 @article{hong_gorman_2006, title={Encapsulation effects on homogeneous electron self-exchange dynamics in tris(bipyridine) iron-core dendrimers}, volume={928}, journal={METAL-CONTAINING AND METALLOSUPRAMOLECULAR POLYMERS AND MATERIALS}, author={HONG, YR and GORMAN, CB}, year={2006}, pages={205–214} }
 @inbook{gorman_williams_lewis_2006, place={New York}, title={Patterned Self Assembled Monolayers via Scanning Probe Lithography}, DOI={10.1007/978-0-387-28668-6_35}, booktitle={Scanning Probe Microscopy: Electrical and Electromechanical Phenomena on the Nanoscale}, publisher={Springer}, author={Gorman, C.B. and Williams, J.A. and Lewis, M.S.}, editor={Kalinin, S.V. and Gruverman, A.Editors}, year={2006} }
 @article{xiao_brune_he_lindsay_gorman_tao_2006, title={Redox-gated electron transport in electrically wired ferrocene molecules}, volume={326}, ISSN={["0301-0104"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.chemphys.2006.02.022}, abstractNote={We have synthesized cysteamine-terminated ferrocene molecules and determined the dependence of the electron transport properties of the molecules on their redox states by measuring the current through the molecules as a function of the electrode potential. The current fluctuates over a large range, but its average value increases with the potential. We attribute the current fluctuation and its increase with the potential to the switching of the molecules from low-conductance reduced state to high-conductance oxidized state.}, number={1}, journal={CHEMICAL PHYSICS}, author={Xiao, Xiaoyin and Brune, Daniel and He, Jin and Lindsay, Stuart and Gorman, Christopher B. and Tao, Nongjian}, year={2006}, month={Jul}, pages={138–143} }
 @article{lou_lewis_gorman_he_2005, title={Detection of DNA point mutation by atom transfer radical polymerization}, volume={77}, ISSN={["1520-6882"]}, DOI={10.1021/ac050706h}, abstractNote={We report here a new DNA detection method in which polymer growth in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is used as a means to amplify detection signals. In this method, DNA hybridization and ligation reactions led to the attachment of ATRP initiators on a solid surface where specific DNA sequences were located. These initiators subsequently triggered the growth of poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) at the end of immobilized DNA molecules and formed polymer brushes. The formation of PHEMA altered substrate opacity, rendering the corresponding spots readily distinguishable to the naked eye. A second ATRP reaction to form branched polymers on the surface drastically improved the visibility of DNA hybridization and significantly shortened the detection time. The resulting polymer film was characterized using infrared spectroscopy, ellipsometry, contact angle measurements, and atomic force microscopy. Direct visualization of 1 fmol of target DNA molecules of interest was demonstrated. A proof-of-principle experiment to detect DNA point mutation was conducted. The perfectly matched DNA targets were distinctively differentiated from those with mutations. The demonstrated capability to detect DNA mutation with direct visualization laid the groundwork for the future development of detector-free testing kits in single-nucleotide polymorphism screenings.}, number={15}, journal={ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY}, author={Lou, XH and Lewis, MS and Gorman, CB and He, L}, year={2005}, month={Aug}, pages={4698–4705} }
 @misc{gorman_feldheim_fuierer_2005, title={Gradient fabrication to direct transport on a surface}, volume={6,972,155}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={Gorman, C. B. and Feldheim, D. L. and Fuierer, R. R.}, year={2005} }
 @inproceedings{ayres_walker_chandra_stefanescu_chu_parsons_gorman_2005, title={Hierarchical Assembly for Molecular Electronics}, volume={6003}, DOI={10.1117/12.631215}, abstractNote={Miniaturizing electronic devices to the molecular scale is the next major step in the electronics revolution. To do this, however, three major unsolved challenges must be overcome. These are: (1) Synthesis of new molecules with functionality that allows them to act as nonlinear electronic elements and to attach them in a specific orientation to contact structures (2) Bridging the molecular (created via bottom-up fabrication) with the lithographic (created via top- down fabrication) length scales for device construction and (3) definition of new lithographic approaches that accommodate molecular installation during processing. Here, an approach and its implementation will be discussed that addresses each of these issues. In addition, the approach is designed to facilitate the demonstration of gain at the molecular level which can result from a state change within the molecular architecture rather than as the response of a molecule to a change in bias of an underlying (macroscopic) gate electrode.}, booktitle={Proceedings of SPIE}, author={Ayres, J. and Walker, B. and Chandra, K.L. and Stefanescu, D. and Chu, C. and Parsons, G. and Gorman, C.}, year={2005}, pages={60030} }
 @article{gorman_2005, title={Negative differential resistance: Molecular structure, organization and mechanism.}, volume={229}, journal={ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={GORMAN, CB}, year={2005}, pages={U726} }
 @article{wassel_credo_fuierer_feldheim_gorman_2004, title={Attenuating Negative Differential Resistance in an Electroactive Self-Assembled Monolayer-Based Junction}, volume={126}, ISSN={0002-7863 1520-5126}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja037651q}, DOI={10.1021/ja037651q}, abstractNote={The negative differential resistance (NDR) peak current observed in redox active self-assembled monolayer-based molecular junctions has been attenuated by controlling the composition of the molecular junction. Two approaches studied here include capping the electroactive ferrocenyl groups with beta-cyclodextrin and functionalizing the scanning tunneling microscope tip used to probe the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) with n-alkanethiols of different lengths. These are the first examples of systematic modification of the magnitude of the NDR response in a molecule-based system.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of the American Chemical Society}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Wassel, Ronald A. and Credo, Grace M. and Fuierer, Ryan R. and Feldheim, Daniel L. and Gorman, Christopher B.}, year={2004}, month={Jan}, pages={295–300} }
 @article{wassel_credo_fuierer_feldheim_gorman_2004, title={Attenuating negative differential resistance in an electroactive self-assembled monolayer-based junction}, volume={126}, DOI={10.1021/ja037851q}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={Wassel, R. A. and Credo, G. M. and Fuierer, R. R. and Feldheim, D. L. and Gorman, Christopher}, year={2004}, pages={295–300} }
 @article{wassel_credo_fuierer_al._2004, title={Attenuating negative differential resistance in an electroactive self-assembled monolayer-based junction.}, volume={228}, journal={ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={WASSEL, RA and CREDO, GM and FUIERER, R and al.}, year={2004}, pages={U480} }
 @article{walker_wassel_stefanescu_gorman_2004, title={Bifunctional, conjugated oligomers for orthogonal self-assembly: Selectivity varies from planar substrates to nanoparticles}, volume={126}, ISSN={["0002-7863"]}, DOI={10.1021/ja046491v}, abstractNote={A diphenylacetylene containing two different end groups (isonitrile and thioacetate) was synthesized, showing that the chemistry used to install each end group is compatible with that of the others. The isonitrile group binds preferentially to platinum, and the thiol group binds preferentially to gold. However, the selectivity was different when nanoparticles were compared to planar substrates.}, number={50}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={Walker, BR and Wassel, RA and Stefanescu, DM and Gorman, CB}, year={2004}, month={Dec}, pages={16330–16331} }
 @inbook{cameron_gorman_2004, place={Stevenson Ranch, CA}, title={Dendritic Encapsulation}, volume={2}, booktitle={Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology}, publisher={American Scientific Publishers}, author={Cameron, C.S. and Gorman, C.B.}, editor={Nalwa, H.Editor}, year={2004}, pages={327–335} }
 @article{chasse_gorman_2004, title={Effect of structure on the reduction potentials of films of constitutional isomers of iron-sulfur cluster core dendrimers}, volume={20}, ISSN={["0743-7463"]}, DOI={10.1021/la048733a}, abstractNote={The thermodynamic redox potentials of films of constitutional isomers of iron−sulfur cluster core dendrimers were measured and compared. It was determined that the primary structure of the dendrimer influences its reduction potential. Dendrimers containing so-called backfolded linkages were more difficult to reduce than their extended analogues. This behavior is rationalized by suggesting that the backfolded isomers pack more tightly around the iron−sulfur cluster, creating a more hydrophobic local microenvironment. Also, all of these molecules are easier to reduce in the film than in dimethyl formamide solution. The variation in redox potential between film and solution environment was compared to that of dendrimers of differing generations and correlated with the amount of hydrophobic dendron surrounding the cluster.}, number={20}, journal={LANGMUIR}, author={Chasse, TL and Gorman, CB}, year={2004}, month={Sep}, pages={8792–8795} }
 @article{chasse_smith_carroll_gorman_2004, title={Effect of the counterion on the rate of electron transfer in dendrimer films}, volume={20}, ISSN={["0743-7463"]}, DOI={10.1021/la049818e}, abstractNote={The electrochemical behavior of a film composed of a redox-active dendrimer was studied as a function of the type of counterion available during its reduction and reoxidation. The rate of permeation/migration of counterions into the film appeared to be the bottleneck to electron transfer through the film. Because the dendrimer is rather hydrophobic, increasing the hydrophobicity of the counterion increased the rate and extent of electron hopping within the films.}, number={9}, journal={LANGMUIR}, author={Chasse, TL and Smith, JC and Carroll, RL and Gorman, CB}, year={2004}, month={Apr}, pages={3501–3503} }
 @article{wassel_gorman_2004, title={Establishing the molecular basis for molecular electronics}, volume={43}, ISSN={["1521-3773"]}, DOI={10.1002/anie.200301735}, abstractNote={Molecular structure–property relationships for molecular electronics are beginning to emerge. Recent experiments lend credibility to the single-molecule nature of transport measurements and illustrate the molecular features that give rise to various interesting conductance behaviors (see picture).}, number={39}, journal={ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION}, author={Wassel, RA and Gorman, CB}, year={2004}, pages={5120–5123} }
 @article{petrie_bailey_gorman_genzer_2004, title={Fast directed motion of "Fakir" droplets}, volume={20}, ISSN={["0743-7463"]}, DOI={10.1021/la048612a}, abstractNote={In this Letter, we report on the motion of water droplets on surfaces decorated with molecular gradients comprising semifluorinated (SF) organosilanes. SF molecular gradients deposited on flat silica substrates facilitate faster motion of water droplets relative to the specimens covered with an analogous hydrocarbon gradient. Further increase in the drop speed is achieved by advancing it along porous substrates coated with the SF wettability gradients. The results of our experiments are in quantitative agreement with a simple scaling theory that describes the faster liquid motion in terms of reduced friction at the liquid/substrate interface.}, number={23}, journal={LANGMUIR}, author={Petrie, RJ and Bailey, T and Gorman, CB and Genzer, J}, year={2004}, month={Nov}, pages={9893–9896} }
 @article{brewer_allen_lappi_chasse_briggman_gorman_franzen_2004, title={Infrared detection of a phenylboronic acid terminated alkane thiol monolayer on gold surfaces}, volume={20}, ISSN={["0743-7463"]}, DOI={10.1021/la035037m}, abstractNote={Polarization modulation infrared reflectance absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) and infrared reflectance absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) have been used to characterize the formation of a self-assembled monolayer of N-(3-dihydroxyborylphenyl)-11-mercaptoundecanamide) (abbreviated PBA) on a gold surface and the subsequent binding of various sugars to the PBA adlayer through the phenylboronic acid moiety to form a phenylboronate ester. Vibrationally resonant sum frequency generation (VR-SFG) spectroscopy confirmed the ordering of the substituted phenyl groups of the PBA adlayer on the gold surface. Solution FTIR spectra and density functional theory were used to confirm the identity of the observed vibrational modes on the gold surface of PBA with and without bound sugar. The detection of the binding of glucose on the gold surface was confirmed in part by the presence of a C−O stretching mode of glucose and the observed O−H stretching mode of glucose that is shifted in position relative to the O−H stretching mode of boronic acid. An IR marker mode was also observed at 1734 cm-1 upon the binding of glucose. Additionally, changes in the peak profile of the B−O stretching band were observed upon binding, confirming formation of a phenylboronate ester on the gold surface. The binding of mannose and lactose were also detected primarily through the IR marker mode at ∼1736 to 1742 cm-1 depending on the identity of the bound sugar.}, number={13}, journal={LANGMUIR}, author={Brewer, SH and Allen, AM and Lappi, SE and Chasse, TL and Briggman, KA and Gorman, CB and Franzen, S}, year={2004}, month={Jun}, pages={5512–5520} }
 @article{carson_monceaux_gorman_2004, title={Installation of benzylic cyano groups as a methodology for novel monomer synthesis}, volume={227}, journal={ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={CARSON, BE and MONCEAUX, CJ and GORMAN, CB}, year={2004}, pages={U639–U640} }
 @inbook{fuierer_gorman_2004, place={Stevenson Ranch, CA}, title={Monolayer-Based Scanning Probe Lithography}, volume={5}, booktitle={Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology}, publisher={American Scientific Publishers}, author={Fuierer, R.R. and Gorman, C.B.}, editor={Nalwa, H.Editor}, year={2004}, pages={851–859} }
 @inproceedings{gorman_2004, title={Patterning Self-assembled Monolayers Using a Scanning Probe: Technique and Utility}, booktitle={Proceedings of the “Foundations of Nanoscience: Self-Assembled Architectures and Devices”}, author={Gorman, C.B.}, year={2004}, pages={329–333} }
 @inproceedings{gorman_2004, place={Washington, DC}, title={Scanned Probe Lithography Patterns to Probe Intermolecular Interactions}, booktitle={PMSE preprints}, publisher={American Chemical Society}, author={Gorman, C.B.}, year={2004} }
 @article{gorman_2004, title={Scanned probe lithography patterns to probe intermolecular interactions.}, volume={227}, journal={ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={GORMAN, CB}, year={2004}, pages={U514} }
 @article{lewis_gorman_2004, title={Scanning tunneling microscope-based replacement lithography on self-assembled monolayers. Investigation of the relationship between monolayer structure and replacement bias}, volume={108}, ISSN={["1520-6106"]}, DOI={10.1021/jp0379244}, abstractNote={Organothiolate self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) can be patterned using a scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) tip. Upon elevating the bias, the SAM is locally desorbed. By conducting this process in the presence of a second thiol component in a nonpolar solution (dodecane) above it, a different SAM component is locally introduced. Here, the influence of the chain length and headgroup of the initial SAM on this process is elucidated. SAMs composed of longer molecules require higher biases to effect this process, similar to the electrochemical desorption behavior of these molecules. When initial SAMs composed of headgroups other than methyl were studied, poor results were obtained: features were broad and replacement occurred more inconsistently. Several possible explanations for this behavior are discussed.}, number={25}, journal={JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B}, author={Lewis, MS and Gorman, CB}, year={2004}, month={Jun}, pages={8581–8583} }
 @article{gorman_2004, title={The Role of Dendrimer Structure on the Rate and Driving Force for Electron Transfer to its Core}, volume={45}, journal={Polymer Preprints}, author={Gorman, C.B.}, year={2004}, pages={365–366} }
 @article{ranasinghe_hager_gorman_goodson_2004, title={Time-resolved fluorescence investigation of energy transfer in compact phenylacetylene dendrimers}, volume={108}, ISSN={["1520-5207"]}, DOI={10.1021/jp036877c}, abstractNote={Excitation energy transfer dynamics in light-harvesting dendritic macromolecules has generated a great deal of interest due to the fact that such systems can be used in photovoltaic and light-emitting devices. Studies on phenylacetylene-based dendrimers played a key role in stimulating this interest and extensive theoretical as well as experimental investigations have been carried out to get a better insight into the phenomena behind the excitation energy transfer dynamics of these dendrimers. In this manuscript, time-resolved femtosecond fluorescence and fluorescence anisotropy dynamics as well as temperature dependent steady state spectral studies of a second generation homogeneous (compact) phenylacetylene dendrimer are reported. The low-temperature fluorescence spectrum of the dendrimer showed two distinctive emission peaks that can be related to the existence of two closely spaced electronic states of the chromophore. Time-resolved fluorescence results suggest delocalization of the excitation energy in the excited state. The ultrafast fluorescence anisotropy decay dynamics further supports the existence of a delocalized state.}, number={25}, journal={JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B}, author={Ranasinghe, MI and Hager, MW and Gorman, CB and Goodson, T}, year={2004}, month={Jun}, pages={8543–8549} }
 @article{gorman_2003, title={Dendritic encapsulation as probed in redox active core dendrimers}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1878-1543"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.crci.2003.05.004}, abstractNote={Abstract The relationship between dendrimer primary structure, conformation, and core encapsulation behaviors is highlighted. This work has involved the synthesis of several novel types of redox-active core dendrimers. Assessment of diffusion measurements provides a first indication of molecular size. Conformation can be probed by exploiting electrochemical and magnetic properties of the core and correlation of these behaviors to computational models. To cite this article: C.B. Gorman, C. R. Chimie 6 (2003).}, number={8-10}, journal={COMPTES RENDUS CHIMIE}, author={Gorman, CB}, year={2003}, pages={911–918} }
 @article{chasse_yohannan_kim_li_li_gorman_2003, title={Dendritic encapsulation-roles of cores and branches}, volume={59}, ISSN={["0040-4020"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0040-4020(03)00435-6}, abstractNote={Examples of new dendrimers are presented. In the first, the effect on electron transfer rate attenuation is investigated for two dendrimer isomers that differ only in the linkage (ortho- versus meta-linked) of the phenyl ether units within one generation of the structure. Second, the effect of encapsulation on electrochemical and luminescence behavior of a new type of rhenium selenide cluster core dendrimer is illustrated.}, number={22}, journal={TETRAHEDRON}, author={Chasse, TL and Yohannan, JC and Kim, N and Li, Q and Li, ZM and Gorman, CB}, year={2003}, month={May}, pages={3853–3861} }
 @misc{kramer_fuierer_gorman_2003, title={Scanning probe lithography using self-assembled monolayers}, volume={103}, ISSN={["1520-6890"]}, DOI={10.1021/cr020704m}, abstractNote={ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTScanning Probe Lithography Using Self-Assembled MonolayersStephan Krämer, Ryan R. Fuierer, and Christopher B. GormanView Author Information Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Box 8204, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2003, 103, 11, 4367–4418Publication Date (Web):October 1, 2003Publication History Received9 April 2003Published online1 October 2003Published inissue 1 November 2003https://doi.org/10.1021/cr020704mCopyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views4144Altmetric-Citations366LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (2 MB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Gold,Lithography,Molecules,Scanning tunneling microscopy,Silicon Get e-Alerts}, number={11}, journal={CHEMICAL REVIEWS}, author={Kramer, S and Fuierer, RR and Gorman, CB}, year={2003}, month={Nov}, pages={4367–4418} }
 @article{wassel_fuierer_kim_gorman_2003, title={Stochastic variation in conductance on the nanometer scale: A general phenomenon}, volume={3}, ISSN={["1530-6984"]}, DOI={10.1021/nl034710p}, abstractNote={nism for the variation in the conductance in each of these systems likely differs, each has the common feature that a nanometer-scale collection of molecules conduct the current. Because the current used in STM feedback is based on tunneling, an increase in the dimensions of the tip substrate gap is expected to result in an exponential change in the current. This phenomenon translates into order-of-magnitude changes in the tunneling current for angstrom changes in the gap dimensions. Given that any metal-molecule-metal junction is likely to have enough variability on this length scale, conductance changes in these junctions (and thus stochastic switching) should be completely general in this type of system. In this paper, we show that stochastic switching can be observed in two types of electroactive thiol molecules inserted into an n-alkanethiolate SAM on gold. Previously we have observed negative differential resistance (NDR, decreasing current with increasing bias) in these types of molecules when in a SAM. 11 At the applied bias in which these molecules show NDR, they show an enhanced conductance compared to an n-alkanethiolate SAM background. Here, we show that this enhanced conductance behavior blinks on and off, presumably because of conformation and/ or orientation changes of the inserted molecules with the SAM over time.}, number={11}, journal={NANO LETTERS}, author={Wassel, RA and Fuierer, RR and Kim, NJ and Gorman, CB}, year={2003}, month={Nov}, pages={1617–1620} }
 @article{chasse_sachdeva_li_li_petrie_gorman_2003, title={Structural effects on encapsulation as probed in redox-active core dendrimer isomers}, volume={125}, ISSN={["0002-7863"]}, DOI={10.1021/ja035515f}, abstractNote={Three pairs of isomeric, iron-sulfur core dendrimers were prepared. Each isomer pair was distinguished by a 3,5-aromatic substitution pattern (extended) versus 2,6-aromatic substitution pattern (backfolded). Several observations were made that supported the hypothesis that the iron-sulfur cluster cores were encapsulated more effectively in the backfolded isomers as compared to their extended isomeric counterparts. The backfolded isomers were more difficult to reduce electrochemically, consistent with encapsulation in a more hydrophobic microenvironment. Furthermore, heterogeneous electron-transfer rates for the backfolded molecules were attenuated compared to the extended molecules. From diffusion measurements obtained by pulsed field gradient spin-echo NMR and chronoamperometry, the backfolded dendrimers were found to be smaller than the extended dendrimers. Comparison of longitudinal proton relaxation (T(1)) values also indicated a smaller, more compact dendrimer conformation for the backfolded architectures. These findings indicated that the dendrimer size was not the major factor in determining electron-transfer rate attenuation. Instead, the effective electron-transfer distance, as determined by the relative core position and mobility in a dendrimer, is most relevant for encapsulation.}, number={27}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={Chasse, TL and Sachdeva, R and Li, C and Li, ZM and Petrie, RJ and Gorman, CB}, year={2003}, month={Jul}, pages={8250–8254} }
 @article{gorman_whited_chasse_2003, title={Synthesis of a series of isostructural metal-terpyridine complexes with different redox activities.}, volume={225}, journal={ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={GORMAN, CB and WHITED, MT and CHASSE, T}, year={2003}, pages={U101} }
 @article{hong_gorman_2003, title={Synthetic approaches to an isostructural series of redox-active, metal tris(bipyridine) core dendrimers}, volume={68}, ISSN={["1520-6904"]}, DOI={10.1021/jo0351116}, abstractNote={Several types of six-armed, metal tris(bipyridine) core dendrimers were synthesized. Bis-4,4'-alkoxy bipyridine dendrons were prepared and employed to make tris(bipyridine) dendrimers. Although the ruthenium-centered and iron-centered dendrimers displayed quasi-reversible cyclic voltammetry, the analogous cobalt-centered complex did not. The synthesis of 4,4'-disubstituted bipyridines containing -CH(2)OR groups proceeded in low yield. The reactions of the dicarbanion of 4,4'-dimethyl bipyridine prepared with LDA and mesylate, triflate, and bromide groups were found to result in no or poor yields of carbon-carbon bond formation. Use of KDA in place of LDA resulted in much higher yields of dendritic bipyridines.}, number={23}, journal={JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY}, author={Hong, YR and Gorman, CB}, year={2003}, month={Nov}, pages={9019–9025} }
 @inbook{carroll_fuierer_gorman_2003, title={Using probe lithography and self-assembled monolayers to investigate potential molecular electronics systems}, volume={844}, ISBN={0841237824}, booktitle={Molecules as components of electronic devises}, publisher={Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society}, author={Carroll, R. L. and Fuierer, R. and Gorman, C. B.}, year={2003}, pages={10–15} }
 @article{carroll_fuierer_gorman_2003, title={Using probe lithography and self-assembled monolayers to investigate potential molecular electronics systems}, volume={844}, journal={MOLECULES AS COMPONENTS OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES}, author={CARROLL, RL and FUIERER, R and GORMAN, CB}, year={2003}, pages={10–15} }
 @article{credo_kramer_fuierer_al._2002, title={Current-voltage properties of electroactive, self-assembled monolayer(SAM)-based molecular junctions.}, volume={224}, journal={ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={CREDO, GM and KRAMER, S and FUIERER, RR and al.}, year={2002}, pages={U438} }
 @article{cameron_gorman_2002, title={Effects of site encapsulation on electrochemical behavior of redox-active core dendrimers}, volume={12}, ISSN={["1616-301X"]}, DOI={10.1002/1616-3028(20020101)12:1<17::AID-ADFM17>3.0.CO;2-V}, abstractNote={Dendrimers are potentially useful for encapsulation of core moieties. Although the conformation that a dendrimer assumes around a core moiety cannot be directly determined, the effect of increasing dendrimer size on the photophysical and electrochemical properties of the core has been documented. Specifically, studies of electroactive core dendrimers have shown attenuation of electron transfer rates with increasing dendrimer size, which is an indication of encapsulation. However, in two recent, independent reports of electroactive core dendrimers, electron transfer rates are not attenuated as the dendrimer size increases. These reports illustrate the caution that must be taken when inferring conformation from primary structure in dendritic macromolecules.}, number={1}, journal={ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS}, author={Cameron, CS and Gorman, CB}, year={2002}, month={Jan}, pages={17–20} }
 @misc{cava_disalvo_brus_dunbar_gorman_haile_interrante_musfeldt_navrotsky_nuzzo_et al._2002, title={Future directions in solid state chemistry: report of the NSF-sponsored workshop}, volume={30}, ISSN={["0079-6786"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0079-6786(02)00010-9}, abstractNote={A long-established area of scientific excellence in Europe, solid state chemistry has emerged in the US in the past two decades as a field experiencing rapid growth and development. At its core, it is an interdisciplinary melding of chemistry, physics, engineering, and materials science, as it focuses on the design, synthesis and structural characterization of new chemical compounds and characterization of their physical properties. As a consequence of this inherently interdisciplinary character, the solid state chemistry community is highly open to the influx of new ideas and directions. The inclusionary character of the field’s culture has been a significant factor in its continuing growth and vitality. This report presents an elaboration of discussions held during an NSF-sponsored workshop on Future Directions in Solid State Chemistry , held on the UC Davis Campus in October 2001. That workshop was the second of a series of workshops planned in this topical area. The first, held at NSF headquarters in Arlington, Virginia, in January of 1998, was designed to address the core of the field, describing how it has developed in the US and worldwide in the past decade, and how the members of the community saw the central thrusts of research and education in solid state chemistry proceeding in the next several years. A report was published on that workshop (J.M. Honig, chair, “Proceedings of the Workshop on the Present Status and Future Developments of Solid State Chemistry and Materials”, Arlington, VA, January 15–16, 1998) describing the state of the field and recommendations for future development of the core discipline. In the spirit of continuing to expand the scope of the solid state chemistry community into new areas of scientific inquiry, the workshop elaborated in this document was designed to address the interfaces between our field and fields where we thought there would be significant opportunity for the development of new scientific advancements through increased interaction. The 7 topic areas, described in detail in this report, ranged from those with established ties to solid state chemistry such as Earth and planetary sciences, and energy storage and conversion, to those such as condensed matter physics, where the connections are in their infancy, to biology, where the opportunities for connections are largely unexplored. Exciting ties to materials chemistry were explored in discussions on molecular materials and nanoscale science, and a session on the importance of improving the ties between solid state chemists and experts in characterization at national experimental facilities was included. The full report elaborates these ideas extensively.}, number={1-2}, journal={PROGRESS IN SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY}, author={Cava, RJ and DiSalvo, FJ and Brus, LE and Dunbar, KR and Gorman, CB and Haile, SM and Interrante, LV and Musfeldt, JL and Navrotsky, A and Nuzzo, RG and et al.}, year={2002}, pages={1–101} }
 @article{sauthier_carroll_gorman_franzen_2002, title={Nanoparticle Layers Assembled through DNA Hybridization:  Characterization and Optimization}, volume={18}, ISSN={["0743-7463"]}, DOI={10.1021/la0112763}, abstractNote={The hybridization of nanoparticle-labeled DNA targets to surface-attached DNA probes has been investigated. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to elucidate surface morphology, coverage, and the presence of aggregates. The factors that affect surface coverage, such as probe density, labeled target concentration, and particle size, were systematically investigated by STM in order to determine the best set of experimental conditions allowing the formation of dense monolayers with a minimal number of surface defects for both 5(′1) nm and 10(′2) nm gold nanoparticle labels on the target strand. Grazing-angle FTIR spectroscopy demonstrates that DNA is largely oriented once the labeled targets hybridized to the probes. Raman microscopy was used to probe the surface for the presence of large aggregates that would give rise to large scattering signals. Both STM and optical experiments provide evidence that dense surface layers can be formed without extensive aggregation. Nonselective binding was shown to be a function of the target concentration and nanoparticle size. Propensity for both aggregation and nonspecific binding is greater for 10(′2) nm than for 5(′1) nm gold nanoparticles.}, number={5}, journal={Langmuir}, author={Sauthier, M.L. and Carroll, R.L. and Gorman, C.B. and Franzen, S.}, year={2002}, pages={1825–1830} }
 @article{gorman_2002, title={One generation at a time}, volume={415}, ISSN={0028-0836 1476-4687}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/415487a}, DOI={10.1038/415487a}, abstractNote={Controlled binding of atoms or molecules within a larger structure could offer new routes to drug delivery or nanoscale materials. Synthetic dendrimers can be tailored to bind ions in just such a regulated manner.}, number={6871}, journal={Nature}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Gorman, Christopher}, year={2002}, month={Jan}, pages={487–488} }
 @article{fuierer_carroll_feldheim_gorman_2002, title={Patterning Mesoscale Gradient Structures with Self-Assembled Monolayers and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Based Replacement Lithography}, volume={14}, ISSN={0935-9648 1521-4095}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-4095(20020116)14:2<154::aid-adma154>3.0.co;2-b}, DOI={10.1002/1521-4095(20020116)14:2<154::AID-ADMA154>3.0.CO;2-B}, abstractNote={[19] T. Cassagneau, J. H. Fendler, T. E. Mallouk, Langmuir 2000, 16, 241.Y. Sun, E. Hao, X. Zhang, B. Yang, J. Shen, L. Chi, H. Fuchs, Langmuir1997, 13, 5168.[20] Y. Liu, A. Wang, R. Claus, J. Phys. Chem. B 1997, 101, 1385.[21] F. Caruso, H. Lichtenfeld, M. Giersig, H. Mohwald, J. Am. Chem. Soc.1998, 120, 8523. Y. M. Lvov, J. F. Rusling, D. L. Thomsen, F. Papadimitra-kopoulos, T. Kawakami, T. J. Kunitake, Chem. Commun. 1998, 1229.Y. Lvov, K. Ariga, M. Onda, I. Ichinose, T. Kunitake, Langmuir 1997,13, 6195.[22] F. G. Aliev, M. A. Correa-Duarte, J. W. Ostrander, M. Giersig, L. M. Liz-Marzan, N. A. Kotov, Adv. Mater. 1999, 11, 1006. I. Ichinose, H. Tagawa,S. Mizuki, Y. Lvov, T. Kunitake, Langmuir 1998, 14, 187.[23] A. Rosidian, Y. Liu, R. O. Claus, Adv. Mater. 1998, 10, 1087. Y. Liu,A. Wang, R. O. Claus, Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 16, 2265.[24] For a recent review of stepwise multilayer self-assembly techniques, see:G. Decher, Science 1997, 277, 1232.[25] Ellipsometric measurements were obtained on a Rudolph AutoEL-IIIautomatic ellipsometer assuming a refractive index for the multilayersbefore and after calcination of 1.80 and 2.10, respectively. These indexeswere representative of values obtained experimentally on films greaterthan 60 nm in thickness.[26] To ensure that both sides of the quartz slide were coated evenly, the sub-strate was coated by dipping into the component solutions, rather than bydripping.[27] The approximate escape depth of photoemission, d, is given by 3k(sinh),where k is the inelastic mean free path of the photoelectron in the filmand h is the takeoff angle. We approximate k as 3 nm, a value betweenthat of TiO}, number={2}, journal={Advanced Materials}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Fuierer, R.R. and Carroll, R.L. and Feldheim, D.L. and Gorman, C.B.}, year={2002}, month={Jan}, pages={154–157} }
 @article{fuierer_carroll_feldheim_al._2002, title={Patterning mesoscale gradient structures with self-assembled monolayers and scanning tunneling microscopy based replacement lithography}, volume={14}, number={2}, journal={ADVANCED MATERIALS}, author={FUIERER, RR and CARROLL, RL and FELDHEIM, DL and al.}, year={2002}, pages={154-+} }
 @article{credo_boal_das_galow_rotello_feldheim_gorman_2002, title={Supramolecular assembly on surfaces: Manipulating conductance in noncovalently modified mesoscale structures}, volume={124}, ISSN={["1520-5126"]}, DOI={10.1021/ja0266823}, abstractNote={Molecules capable of complementary hydrogen bonding were used to control the noncovalent self-assembly and electronic properties of a chemically well-defined surface mesostructure. In this work, we patterned a footprint region for molecular assembly on a surface and used moieties featuring complementary recognition to tune the current−voltage properties of the patterned region. With the appropriate functionalities on the complementary moieties, we were able to increase and decrease the observed conductance in surface-bound mesoscale structures imaged by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM).}, number={31}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={Credo, GM and Boal, AK and Das, K and Galow, TH and Rotello, VM and Feldheim, DL and Gorman, CB}, year={2002}, month={Aug}, pages={9036–9037} }
 @article{carroll_gorman_2002, title={The Genesis of Molecular Electronics}, volume={41}, ISSN={1433-7851 1521-3773}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773(20021202)41:23<4378::aid-anie4378>3.0.co;2-a}, DOI={10.1002/1521-3773(20021202)41:23<4378::aid-anie4378>3.0.co;2-a}, abstractNote={Molecular electronics is, relatively speaking, a young field. Even so, there have been many significant advances and a much greater understanding of the types of materials that will be useful in molecular electronics, and their properties. The purpose of this review is to provide a broad basis for understanding the areas where new advances might arise, and to provide introduction to the subdisciplines of molecular electronics. This review is divided into two major parts; an historical examination of the development of conventional electronics, which should provide some understanding of the push towards molecular electronics. The problems associated with continuing to shrink conventional systems are presented, along with references to some of the efforts to solve them. This section is followed by an in-depth look at the most important research into the types of behaviors that molecular systems have been found to display.}, number={23}, journal={Angewandte Chemie International Edition}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Carroll, R. Lloyd and Gorman, Christopher B.}, year={2002}, month={Dec}, pages={4378–4400} }
 @inbook{gorman_2001, place={New York}, title={Dendrimers: Polymerization and Properties}, volume={3}, booktitle={Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology}, publisher={Pergamon/Elsevier}, author={Gorman, C.}, editor={Buschow, K.H.J. and Cahn, R. and Flemings, M.C. and Ilschner, B. and Mahajan, S. and Veyssiere, P. and Kramer, E.J.Editors}, year={2001}, pages={2042–2052} }
 @inproceedings{gorman_2001, place={Chicago, IL}, title={Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Dendrimers for Optical and Electronics Applications}, booktitle={Polymeric materials : science and engineering, proceedings of the ACS Division of Polymeric Materials, Science and Engineering}, publisher={American Chemical Society}, author={Gorman, C.B.}, year={2001}, pages={127} }
 @inproceedings{gorman_2001, place={[Washington, DC]}, title={Making Functional Dendrimers – Encapsulation as an Example}, booktitle={Polymeric materials : science and engineering, proceedings of the ACS Division of Polymeric Materials, Science and Engineering}, publisher={American Chemical Society}, author={Gorman, C.B.}, year={2001}, pages={457} }
 @misc{whitesides_xia_wilbur_jackman_kim_prentiss_mrksich_kumar_gorman_biebuyck_et al._2001, title={Microcontact printing on surfaces and derivative articles}, volume={6,180,239}, number={2001 Jan 30}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={Whitesides, G. M. and Xia, Y. and Wilbur, J. L. and Jackman, R. J. and Kim, E. and Prentiss, M. G. and Mrksich, M. and Kumar, A. and Gorman, C. B. and Biebuyck, H. and et al.}, year={2001} }
 @article{gorman_carroll_fuierer_2001, title={Negative differential resistance in patterned electroactive self-assembled monolayers}, volume={17}, ISSN={["0743-7463"]}, DOI={10.1021/la010097i}, abstractNote={The phenomenon of negative differential resistance (NDR) is potentially very useful in molecular electronics device schemes. Here, it is shown that NDR can be observed in self-assembled monolayers composed of electroactive thiols on gold. Furthermore, these monolayers can be patterned using a scanning probe lithography technique described earlier to form a basis for potential molecular electronic device construction.}, number={22}, journal={LANGMUIR}, author={Gorman, CB and Carroll, RL and Fuierer, RR}, year={2001}, month={Oct}, pages={6923–6930} }
 @misc{gorman_smith_2001, title={Structure-property relationships in dendritic encapsulation}, volume={34}, ISSN={["0001-4842"]}, DOI={10.1021/ar000044c}, abstractNote={Several molecular structure-property relationships are presented and compared to illustrate our current understanding of macromolecular encapsulation using dendrimers. Specifically, the effect that dendrimer architectures have on encapsulating photoactive and redox-active units fixed at the molecular core is considered.}, number={1}, journal={ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH}, author={Gorman, CB and Smith, JC}, year={2001}, month={Jan}, pages={60–71} }
 @article{gorman_smith_2001, title={Structure-property relationships in dendritic encapsulation}, volume={34}, number={1}, journal={ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH}, author={GORMAN, CB and SMITH, JC}, year={2001}, pages={60–71} }
 @article{gorman_he_carroll_2001, title={The influence of headgroup on the structure of self-assembled monolayers as viewed by scanning tunneling microscopy}, volume={17}, ISSN={["0743-7463"]}, DOI={10.1021/la0013998}, abstractNote={Molecular resolution scanning tunneling microscopy images are shown of alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) containing alkene, cyano, and carboxylic acid headgroups. The alkene-terminated thiolate SAM displayed a lattice structure indistinguishable from those of methyl-terminated thiol. The cyano-terminated thiolate SAM showed hexagonal, square, and double-row lattice structures, indicative of polymorphism and/or multiple chemical species on the surface. The carboxylic acid-terminated thiolate SAM showed a double-row lattice structure very similar to that of the cyano-terminated thiolate SAM suggesting that perhaps the cyano groups had undergone hydrolysis to form amide and/or carboxylic acid groups. This hypothesis was supported by the results of a friction-force microscopy experiment on micro-contact printed patterns of these molecules.}, number={17}, journal={LANGMUIR}, author={Gorman, CB and He, YF and Carroll, RL}, year={2001}, month={Aug}, pages={5324–5328} }
 @article{gorman_carroll_he_tian_fuierer_2000, title={Chemically well-defined lithography using self-assembled monolayers and scanning tunneling microscopy in nonpolar organothiol solutions}, volume={16}, ISSN={["0743-7463"]}, DOI={10.1021/la0003241}, abstractNote={A method of chemically well-defined, scanning tunneling microscope-based lithography is presented in which one thiolate in a self-assembled monolayer is removed and replaced with a second thiol. This method is distinguishable from other lithographic replacement processes on SAMs in that a nonpolar solution and an uncoated tip can be employed. Elevated relative humidity was important in the facility of this process, suggesting an electrochemical mechanism for replacement. The resolution of features written with this process is ca. 10−15 nm. In nonpolar solution, the apparent heights of self-assembled decanethiolate and dodecanethiolate monolayers are reversed compared to those observed in images obtained in air. When the thiol solution was exchanged after the first replacement, writing with two different thiols was demonstrated.}, number={15}, journal={LANGMUIR}, author={Gorman, CB and Carroll, RL and He, YF and Tian, F and Fuierer, R}, year={2000}, month={Jul}, pages={6312–6316} }
 @article{gorman_carroll_he_al._2000, title={Chemically well-defined lithography using self-assembled monolayers and scanning tunneling microscopy in nonpolar organothiol solutions}, volume={16}, number={15}, journal={LANGMUIR}, author={GORMAN, CB and CARROLL, RL and HE, YF and al.}, year={2000}, pages={6312–6316} }
 @article{gorman_smith_sachdeva_su_jiang_2000, title={Control of electron transport using redox-active core dendrimers}, volume={156}, ISSN={["1022-1360"]}, DOI={10.1002/1521-3900(200007)156:1<61::AID-MASY61>3.0.CO;2-7}, abstractNote={We are constructing a model system to elucidate the molecular structure-property relationships for attenuation of electron transfer (e.g. electron encapsulation). This information is relevant in bio-electron transfer schemes and in emerging molecular electronics schemes such as storage of information using individual molecules. Our system consists of an inorganic cluster surrounded by dendritic ligands which act as an organic coating. Although the electrochemical and photophysical properties of a variety of metal clusters have been established, very little has been described on the chemistry on metal clusters.}, journal={MACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA}, author={Gorman, CB and Smith, JC and Sachdeva, R and Su, WY and Jiang, HW}, year={2000}, month={Jul}, pages={61–67} }
 @article{gorman_smith_sachdeva_al._2000, title={Control of electron transport using redox-active core dendrimers}, volume={156}, journal={MACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA}, author={GORMAN, CB and SMITH, JC and SACHDEVA, R and al.}, year={2000}, pages={61–67} }
 @article{gorman_smith_2000, title={Effect of repeat unit flexibility on dendrimer conformation as studied by atomistic molecular dynamics simulations}, volume={41}, ISSN={["0032-3861"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0032-3861(99)00167-6}, abstractNote={The effect of repeat unit structure on the shape and internal organization of various dendrimers was probed using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. In this technique, care was taken to ensure complete structural equilibration by implementing a high temperature dynamics/simulated annealing protocol prior to evaluation of the molecular structure and dynamics. Both flexible and stiff repeat units that have been employed previously in the synthesis of dendrimers were considered. Flexible-unit dendrimers were found to be globular but not completely spherical. In contrast, stiff-unit dendrimers had a more eccentric, disk-like shape. For all dendrimers, the different generations within each molecule were found to be radially distributed throughout its interior. This appearance could be attributed to back-folding of some of the repeat units in the flexible case and to a branching angle effect in the stiff case. This distribution, however, did not preclude a molecular surface composed of a substantial portion of the topologically terminal groups.}, number={2}, journal={POLYMER}, author={Gorman, CB and Smith, JC}, year={2000}, month={Jan}, pages={675–683} }
 @article{gorman_smith_2000, title={Iron-sulfur core dendrimers display dramatically different electrochemical behavior in films compared to solution}, volume={122}, ISSN={["0002-7863"]}, DOI={10.1021/ja0021870}, abstractNote={ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTIron−Sulfur Core Dendrimers Display Dramatically Different Electrochemical Behavior in Films Compared to SolutionChristopher B. Gorman and Jennifer C. SmithView Author Information Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University Box 8204, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 38, 9342–9343Publication Date (Web):September 13, 2000Publication History Received20 June 2000Revised18 August 2000Published online13 September 2000Published inissue 1 September 2000https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0021870Copyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views238Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (37 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Charge transfer,Cluster chemistry,Dendrons,Redox reactions,Thermodynamics Get e-Alerts}, number={38}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={Gorman, CB and Smith, JC}, year={2000}, month={Sep}, pages={9342–9343} }
 @article{gorman_2000, title={Molecular Structure Property Relationships for Electron Transfer Rate Attenuation in Redox Active Core Dendrimers}, volume={41}, number={1}, journal={Polymer preprints}, author={Gorman, C. B.}, year={2000}, pages={564–565} }
 @inproceedings{smith_gorman_1999, title={Contrasting Structural Features for Flexible and Rigid Electroactive Metallo-Dendrimers Experiment and Computation}, volume={80}, ISSN={0743-0515}, booktitle={Polymeric materials : science and engineering, proceedings of the ACS Division of Polymeric Materials, Science and Engineering}, publisher={American Chemical Society}, author={Smith, J.C. and Gorman, C.B.}, year={1999}, pages={316} }
 @article{smith_gorman_1999, title={Contrasting structural features for flexible and rigid metallodendrimers - experiment and computation.}, volume={217}, journal={ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={SMITH, JC and GORMAN, CB}, year={1999}, pages={U398} }
 @article{gorman_su_jiang_watson_boyle_1999, title={Hybrid organic-inorganic, hexa-arm dendrimers based on an Mo6Cl8 core}, ISSN={["1359-7345"]}, DOI={10.1039/a901590f}, abstractNote={Dendrons with focal phenoxide groups were shown to substitute for triflate or methoxide ligands around an Mo6Cl8 core to form molecules of the form Mo6(µ3-Cl)8(OR)6 where R = dendrons with zero to two hyperbranches, respectively; these molecules represent a new type of metal cluster core dendrimer with six arms and high symmetry.}, number={10}, journal={CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS}, author={Gorman, CB and Su, WY and Jiang, HW and Watson, CM and Boyle, P}, year={1999}, month={May}, pages={877–878} }
 @article{gorman_su_jiang_al._1999, title={Hybrid organic-inorganic, hexa-arm dendrimers based on an Mo6Cl8 core}, number={10}, journal={CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS}, author={GORMAN, CB and SU, WY and JIANG, HW and al.}, year={1999}, pages={877–878} }
 @misc{whitesides_xia_wilbur_jackman_kim_prentiss_mrksich_kumar_gorman_biebuyck_et al._1999, title={Methods of etching articles via microcontact printing}, volume={5,900,160}, number={1999 May 4}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={Whitesides, G. M. and Xia, Y. and Wilbur, J. L. and Jackman, R. J. and Kim, E. and Prentiss, M. G. and Mrksich, M. and Kumar, A. and Gorman, C. B. and Biebuyck, H. and et al.}, year={1999} }
 @article{gorman_smith_hager_parkhurst_sierzputowska-gracz_haney_1999, title={Molecular structure-property relationships for electron-transfer rate attenuation in redox-active core dendrimers}, volume={121}, ISSN={["1520-5126"]}, DOI={10.1021/ja990875h}, abstractNote={Two series of redox-active, iron−sulfur core dendrimers of the general structure (nBu4N)2[Fe4S4(S-Dend)4] (Dend = dendrons of generations 1 through 4) were prepared. Heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constants indicated that the rigid series of dendrimers were more effective at attenuating the rate of electron transfer than were the flexible series of dendrimers. These results were rationalized using computationally derived models which indicated an offset and mobile iron−sulfur core in the flexible series of molecules and a more central and relatively immobile iron−sulfur core in the rigid series of molecules. Further consideration of these data indicated that, while the dendrimers containing rigid ligands had better encapsulated redox cores for a given molecular weight, these molecules had higher electron-transfer rates for a given molecular radius.}, number={43}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={Gorman, CB and Smith, JC and Hager, MW and Parkhurst, BL and Sierzputowska-Gracz, H and Haney, CA}, year={1999}, month={Nov}, pages={9958–9966} }
 @article{gorman_smith_hager_al._1999, title={Molecular structure-property relationships for electron-transfer rate attenuation in redox-active core dendrimers}, volume={121}, number={43}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={GORMAN, CB and SMITH, JC and HAGER, MW and al.}, year={1999}, pages={9958–9966} }
 @article{gorman_vest_palovich_serron_1999, title={Preparation of poly(cyanoacetylene) using late-transition-metal catalysts}, volume={32}, ISSN={["0024-9297"]}, DOI={10.1021/ma981773z}, abstractNote={Poly(cyanoacetylene) has been prepared by polymerization of cyanoacetylene using a variety of late-transition-metal (Pd- and Ni-based) catalysts. The effect of reaction conditions on molecular weight and polymer yield was explored. Significant catalyst residues remain in the polymer samples. However, spectra are consistent with the proposed poly(cyanoacetylene) structure. Notable differences in molecular weight, effective conjugation length, and ability to undergo thermal cyclization to a supposed aromatic ladder polymer were observed between these polymers and those prepared using conventional anionic or radical initiators.}, number={13}, journal={MACROMOLECULES}, author={Gorman, CB and Vest, RW and Palovich, TU and Serron, S}, year={1999}, month={Jun}, pages={4157–4165} }
 @article{gorman_vest_palovich_al._1999, title={Preparation of poly(cyanoacetylene) using late-transition-metal catalysts}, volume={32}, number={13}, journal={MACROMOLECULES}, author={GORMAN, CB and VEST, RW and PALOVICH, TU and al.}, year={1999}, pages={4157–4165} }
 @inproceedings{gorman_vest_palovich_serron_1999, title={Use of Late Transition Metal Catalysts in Acetylene Polymerization}, volume={80}, ISSN={0743-0515}, booktitle={Polymeric materials : science and engineering, proceedings of the ACS Division of Polymeric Materials, Science and Engineering}, publisher={American Chemical Society}, author={Gorman, C.B. and Vest, R.W. and Palovich, T.U. and Serron, S.}, year={1999}, pages={451} }
 @article{gorman_vest_palovich_al._1999, title={Use of late transition metal catalysts in acetylene polymerization.}, volume={217}, journal={ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={GORMAN, CB and VEST, RW and PALOVICH, TU and al.}, year={1999}, pages={U432} }
 @inbook{gorman_parkhurst_chen_su_hager_touzov_1998, place={New York}, title={A Model for Single-Molecule Information Storage}, booktitle={Science and Technology of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Emerging Technologies and Business Opportunities}, publisher={Plenum Publishing Corp}, author={Gorman, C.B. and Parkhurst, B.L. and Chen, K.-Y. and Su, W.Y. and Hager, M.W. and Touzov, I.}, editor={Prasad, P.N. and Mark, J.E. and Kandil, S.H. and Kafafi, Z.Editors}, year={1998}, pages={231–240} }
 @inproceedings{srinivasan_sanford_haney_hager_smith_gorman_1998, title={Analysis of Dendrimers using Electrospray and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 46th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics}, author={Srinivasan, N. and Sanford, J.H. and Haney, C.A. and Hager, M.W. and Smith, J.C. and Gorman, C.}, year={1998}, pages={1003} }
 @article{micheletti_gorman_1998, title={Chemical reduction of dendron-encapsulated iron-sulfur clusters.}, volume={215}, journal={ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={MICHELETTI, RR and GORMAN, CB}, year={1998}, pages={U754} }
 @inproceedings{smith_gorman_1998, place={Washington, DC}, title={Dendrimer Shape and Internal Organization as Related to Molecular Size and Repeat Unit Flexibility -- A Molecular Dynamics Investigation}, volume={78}, booktitle={Polymeric materials : science and engineering, proceedings of the ACS Division of Polymeric Materials, Science and Engineering}, publisher={American Chemical Society}, author={Smith, J.C. and Gorman, C.B.}, year={1998}, pages={226–227} }
 @article{smith_gorman_1998, title={Dendrimer shape and internal organization as related to molecular size and repeat unit flexibility - A molecular dynamics investigation}, volume={215}, journal={ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={SMITH, JC and GORMAN, CB}, year={1998}, pages={U334} }
 @article{gorman_miller_chen_1998, title={Dendritic adlayers from focally substituted dendritic thiols - Structure and permeability}, volume={216}, journal={ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={GORMAN, CB and MILLER, RL and CHEN, KY}, year={1998}, pages={U640} }
 @article{hager_gorman_smith_1998, title={Encapsulated electroactive objects based on phenylacetylene dendrimers with metal cluster cores: Molecular wires or stiff cages?}, volume={216}, journal={ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={HAGER, MW and GORMAN, CB and SMITH, JG}, year={1998}, pages={U54} }
 @article{gorman_hager_smith_al._1998, title={Inorganic core dendrimers as encapsulated electroactive objects.}, volume={215}, journal={ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={GORMAN, CB and HAGER, MW and SMITH, JC and al.}, year={1998}, pages={U848} }
 @article{gorman_1998, title={Metallodendrimers: Structural diversity and functional behavior}, volume={10}, DOI={10.1002/(SICI)1521-4095(199803)10:4<295::AID-ADMA295>3.0.CO;2-N}, abstractNote={This review of metallodendrimers has two main goals: first, to illustrate the various structure types of metallodendrimers, demonstrating their substantial structural diversity, and second, to highlight their applications, either potential or already coming into existence. Applications include metallodendrimers as nanoparticle equivalents, for sensing and imaging, for catalysis, and as molecular antennas or for producing controlled microenvironments. Their electrochemical behavior is also considered. The difficulty of representing the three-dimensional structure of metallodendrimers is touched upon.}, number={4}, journal={Advanced Materials}, author={Gorman, Christopher}, year={1998}, pages={295–309} }
 @article{gorman_touzov_miller_1998, title={Ordered adlayers of a nonplanar molecule on a surface: Misfit monolayers and intercalated bilayers as the result of a dialkyl amino group}, volume={14}, DOI={10.1021/la970805t}, abstractNote={Monolayer and bilayer structures of a nonplanar molecule, 5-(N,N-didecylamino)-2,4-pentadienal, physisorbed onto highly oriented pyrolytic graphite have been characterized using several scanning probe techniques, including scanning tunneling microscopy, and both contact and noncontact atomic force microscopy. These structures indicate several important components of this molecule in determining and enforcing an ordered packing motif that may be generalizable to other supramolecular design schemes. In the monolayer structure, the geometry of the amino group enforces a motif in which part of the molecule lies upon the graphite surface and one of the alkyl chains extends away from the surface. This extended chain is a structure director for the formation of bilayer structures. The apparent thickness and stability of the bilayer structures are shown to be dependent on the presence of water or other admixtures, suggesting intercalation of small, polar molecules into this bilayer.}, number={11}, journal={LANGMUIR}, author={GORMAN, CB and TOUZOV, I and MILLER, R}, year={1998}, pages={3052–3061} }
 @article{gorman_touzov_miller_1998, title={Ordering of a Functional Molecules on a Flat Surface as Evidenced by Scanning Probe Microscopies: The Case of a Di-Alkyl Amino Group}, volume={4}, DOI={10.1017/S1431927600021644}, abstractNote={Our group is interested in exploring how functional molecules (e.g. those composed of organic functional groups that do not necessarily lend themselves to an ordered 2D packing arrangement) can form well-ordered adlayers with functional properties. To this end. we have studied the formation of self assembled structures of 5-(N,N-didecyl-amino)-2.4- pentadienal (DAPDA, Figure 1) deposited on a highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface. This molecule has two distinctive features that should dramatically affect its ordering on a surface. Neither of these have been systematically explored in ordered adlayers. First, the extended conjugation of the molecule gives it a large in-plane dipole moment as well as a high polarizability. Second, it contains two hydrocarbon tails, only one of which can lie coplanar with the conjugated moiety. Both molecularly resolved monolayer and bilayer structures were found using a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy and tapping mode atomic force microscopies.}, number={52}, journal={Microscopy and Microanalysis: Proceedings}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Gorman, C. and Touzov, I. and Miller, R.}, year={1998}, month={Jul}, pages={304–305} }
 @article{gorman_touzov_carroll_1998, title={Self assembled monolayers and scanning tunneling microscopy nanomanipulations.}, volume={216}, journal={ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={GORMAN, CB and TOUZOV, I and CARROLL, RL}, year={1998}, pages={U44} }
 @article{gorman_touzov_1998, title={Self-Assembled Monolayers and Nanomanipulations}, volume={20}, number={3}, journal={Scanning}, author={Gorman, C.B. and Touzov, I.}, year={1998}, pages={133–134} }
 @article{gorman_miller_chen_bishop_haasch_nuzzo_1998, title={Semipermeable, chemisorbed adlayers of focally-substituted organothiol dendrons on gold}, volume={14}, ISSN={["0743-7463"]}, DOI={10.1021/la9803023}, abstractNote={A series of focally substituted organothiol dendrons of the first through third generation were used to construct adlayers on a gold surface. The presence and structural features of these adlayers were confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and ellipsometry. The relative coverage and/or permeability of these adlayers was studied using capacitance and electrochemical blocking experiments. It was found that as the number of hyperbranches in the dendron increased from one to three, the dendron adlayers became initially less and then more permeable. This result indicated a tradeoff between size and packing efficiency when using these molecules to cover a surface. These data also suggest that the dendrons have formed homogeneous but permeable adlayers on the gold surface rather than adlayers consisting of islands of material. These adlayers showed large differences in their ability to trap and hold a small molecule, trans-cyclohexanediol, within them.}, number={12}, journal={LANGMUIR}, author={Gorman, CB and Miller, RL and Chen, KY and Bishop, AR and Haasch, RT and Nuzzo, RG}, year={1998}, month={Jun}, pages={3312–3319} }
 @article{gorman_miller_chen_al._1998, title={Semipermeable, chemisorbed adlayers of focally-substituted organothiol dendrons on gold}, volume={14}, number={12}, journal={LANGMUIR}, author={GORMAN, CB and MILLER, RL and CHEN, KY and al.}, year={1998}, pages={3312–3319} }
 @inbook{gorman_vest_snover_utz_serron_1998, place={Washington, DC}, series={ACS Symposium Series}, title={Synthesis of Stereoregular Polymers as Precursors to Highly Conducting Carbon for Use in Applications in Micro- and Nano-Lithography}, ISBN={9780841216884}, DOI={10.1021/BK-1998-0706.CH003}, abstractNote={Organic conductors have received virtually no attention in lithographic processes and may be uniquely suited in these applications. In particular, it should be possible to design polymers that can be converted from electrical insulators into electrical conductors in one, dry step. This process is anticipated to save time and minimize the use of organic solvents in processing. Moreover, very small ( ≤ 100 nm) features of organic conductors can be covalently linked thoughout and should not suffer from migration processes (particularly electromigration) found in metallic structures with small size features. Up to the present, it does not appear that polymers capable of facile direct conversion from an insulating phase to a conducting phase are available. Potential routes to lithographically defined, graphitic carbon from precursor polymers based on stereoregular poly(acrylonitrile) and poly(cyanoacetylene) are illustrated. As stereoregular versions of these polymers are not available, routes for their preparation are presented and discussed.}, booktitle={Micro- and Nanopattering Polymers}, publisher={American Chemical Society}, author={Gorman, C.B. and Vest, R.W. and Snover, J.L. and Utz, T.L. and Serron, S. A.}, editor={Ito, H. and Reichmanis, E. and Nalamasu, O. and Ueno, T.Editors}, year={1998}, month={Sep}, pages={26–39}, collection={ACS Symposium Series} }
 @article{gorman_hager_smith_al._1998, title={The chemistry of metal clusters and their use as functional cores for dendrimers.}, volume={216}, journal={ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={GORMAN, CB and HAGER, MW and SMITH, JC and al.}, year={1998}, pages={U175} }
 @article{gorman_touzov_miller_1998, title={Unexpected Ordering of a Di-Alkyl Donor-Acceptor Molecule on a Surface as Evidenced by Scanning Probe Microscopies}, volume={20}, number={3}, journal={Scanning}, author={Gorman, C.B. and Touzov, I. and Miller, R.L.}, year={1998}, pages={134} }
 @article{gorman_hager_parkhurst_smith_1998, title={Use of a paramagnetic core to affect longitudinal nuclear relaxation in dendrimers - A tool for probing dendrimer conformation}, volume={31}, ISSN={["0024-9297"]}, DOI={10.1021/ma9714979}, abstractNote={The longitudinal relaxation time constants (T 1 ) of the protons in a series of dendrimers that alternatively had paramagnetic ([Fe 4 S 4 (SR) 4 ] 2- , R = dendron) and diamagnetic (tetraphenylmethane) cores were compared. The T 1 values of the phenyl and benzyl protons in the paramagnetic core dendrimers were attenuated compared to those of analogous protons in the diamagnetic core dendrimers. This observation indicated that protons in each set of topologically different repeat units (generation) of the dendrimer approach the core of the molecule closely in space. This conclusion is consistent with the computed radial density distributions of the different generations calculated from molecular dynamics simulations. In addition, by comparing T 1 values of protons at two slightly different temperatures, the terminal groups in both sets of dendrimers were concluded to be, on average, more mobile than the other generations within the dendrimers. This conclusion is consistent with the computed mean square displacement correlation functions for the different generations also calculated from molecular dynamics simulations.}, number={3}, journal={MACROMOLECULES}, author={Gorman, CB and Hager, MW and Parkhurst, BL and Smith, JC}, year={1998}, month={Feb}, pages={815–822} }
 @article{gorman_hager_parkhurst_al._1998, title={Use of a paramagnetic core to affect longitudinal nuclear relaxation in dendrimers - A tool for probing dendrimer conformation}, volume={31}, number={3}, journal={MACROMOLECULES}, author={GORMAN, CB and HAGER, MW and PARKHURST, BL and al.}, year={1998}, pages={815–822} }
 @article{gorman_touzov_miller_1997, title={A role for self-assembled monolayers in nanomanipulations}, volume={214}, journal={ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={GORMAN, CB and TOUZOV, I and MILLER, R}, year={1997}, pages={9-MTLS} }
 @article{touzov_gorman_1997, title={A scanning tunneling microscopy study of the interaction of H2S with a Au(III) surface: Characterization of corrosion and monolayer structures}, volume={13}, ISSN={["0743-7463"]}, DOI={10.1021/la9702953}, abstractNote={Hydrogen sulfide was observed by scanning tunneling microscopy to easily corrode a Au(111) surface, as suggested by an increase in surface roughness upon H2S exposure to the surface. However, this process could be tempered by moderating the concentration of H2S in the vapor above the gold. When corrosion was minimized, corroded regions were observed to exist predominantly at step edges. At a sufficiently low concentration of H2S, linear triple-row structures were observed. These are not the same as those observed when aqueous sulfide was reacted with a gold surface. A model that accounts for all the features of the adlayer structure is presented that involves a packing density of hydrosulfide groups of 28.5 Å2/molecule, which is lower than that found in a √3 x √3 R30 overlayer (21.5 Å2/molecule) found for long-chain alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayers on Au(111).}, number={18}, journal={LANGMUIR}, author={Touzov, I and Gorman, CB}, year={1997}, month={Sep}, pages={4850–4854} }
 @inproceedings{srinivasan_sanford_haney_parkhurst_hager_smith_gorman_1997, title={Analysis of Dendrimers using MALDI-TOF}, booktitle={Proceedings 45th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics}, author={Srinivasan, N. and Sanford, J.H. and Haney, C.A. and Parkhurst, B.L. and Hager, M.W. and Smith, J.C. and Gorman, C.B.}, year={1997}, pages={535} }
 @inproceedings{gorman_parkhurst_su_chen_hager_1997, place={Washington, DC}, title={Dendrimers with High-Symmetry, Electroactive Cores: A Model for Single-Molecule Information Storage}, volume={77}, booktitle={Polymeric materials : science and engineering, proceedings of the ACS Division of Polymeric Materials, Science and Engineering}, publisher={American Chemical Society}, author={Gorman, C.B. and Parkhurst, B.L. and Su, W.Y. and Chen, K.-Y. and Hager, M.W.}, year={1997}, pages={122} }
 @article{gorman_parkhurst_su_al._1997, title={Dendrimers with high-symmetry, electroactive cores: A model for single-molecule information storage.}, volume={214}, journal={ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={GORMAN, CB and PARKHURST, BL and SU, WY and al.}, year={1997}, pages={103-PMSE} }
 @article{gorman_1997, place={Deerfield Beach, FL}, title={Encapsulated Electroactive Molecules}, volume={9}, DOI={10.1002/adma.19970091412}, abstractNote={The role of a dendrimer as an encapsulating shell around small molecules or the dendrimer core itself are briefly outlined. It is shown that encapsulation by a dendrimer reduces the rate of electron transfer to or from a redox-active moiety incorporated in the core according to the degree of branching around the core. Development of this idea could lead to a molecular switch or an information storage device. The use of the properties of the core in order to obtain information about the shape, internal organization, and environment within a dendrimer is also outlined and an example given.}, number={14}, journal={Advanced materials}, publisher={VCH Publishers}, author={Gorman, C.B.}, year={1997}, pages={1117–1119} }
 @article{gorman_parkhurst_su_chen_1997, title={Encapsulated electroactive molecules based upon an inorganic cluster surrounded by dendron ligands}, volume={119}, ISSN={["0002-7863"]}, DOI={10.1021/ja963541q}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={Gorman, CB and Parkhurst, BL and Su, WY and Chen, KY}, year={1997}, month={Feb}, pages={1141–1142} }
 @article{gorman_parkhurst_su_al._1997, title={Encapsulated electroactive molecules based upon an inorganic cluster surrounded by dendron ligands}, volume={119}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={GORMAN, CB and PARKHURST, BL and SU, WY and al.}, year={1997}, pages={1141–1142} }
 @article{gorman_parkhurst_su_al._1997, title={Hybrid inorganic/organic dendrimers as encapsulated, electroactive nanoparticles: A model for a molecular switch}, volume={214}, journal={ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={GORMAN, CB and PARKHURST, BL and SU, WY and al.}, year={1997}, pages={165-INOR} }
 @inproceedings{gorman_snover_vest_serron_1997, place={Washington, DC}, title={Synthesis and Applications of Stereoregular Polymers as Precursors to Highly Conducting Carbon for use in Micro- and Nanolithography}, volume={77}, booktitle={Polymeric materials : science and engineering, proceedings of the ACS Division of Polymeric Materials, Science and Engineering}, publisher={American Chemical Society}, author={Gorman, C.B. and Snover, J. and Vest, R. and Serron, S.}, year={1997}, pages={408} }
 @article{gorman_snover_vest_al._1997, title={Synthesis and applications of stereoregular polymers as precursors to highly conducting carbon for use in micro-and nanolithography}, volume={214}, journal={ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={GORMAN, CB and SNOVER, J and VEST, R and al.}, year={1997}, pages={117-PMSE} }
 @article{touzov_gorman_1997, title={Tip-induced structural rearrangements of alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayers on gold}, volume={101}, ISSN={["1089-5647"]}, DOI={10.1021/jp9638999}, abstractNote={A method for preparing self-assembled monolayers of decanethiolate on Au(111) with large (ca. 50−100 nm) regions of hexagonal (√3×√3 R30) lattice is reported. Such samples could be transformed from this structure to a c(4×2) superlattice under the influence of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tip. These images were comparable to those obtained by thermally annealing the sample. Using an atomic force microscope tip in friction force mode (FFM), the c(4×2) superlattice could be observed on thermally annealed samples, but pressing upon the sample with a moderate tip load (as high as 80 nN) did not induce this structure. Comparative analysis of the results obtained by these two techniques suggests that this transformation occurred as the result of the tip pressing upon the surface. In addition to this final structure, intermediate structures were observed during these tip-induced transformations. The STM-induced transformation revealed an intermediate structure of p2 symmetry. The FFM-induced transformation revealed two intermediate structures: one also of p2 symmetry and the other of p1 symmetry that was a formal p(3×1) superlattice of the original, hexagonal SAM structure. The orientation of the FFM tip-induced intermediates could be affected by the scan direction, suggesting that these intermediate structures involved reorientation and/or conformational changes in the alkanethiolate tails. It was noted that the size of the atomically flat Au(111) terrace under study had an effect on the structure found and on the speed of the reconstruction; small terraces were found to have a c(4×2) superlattice structure without scanning upon or thermal annealing of the sample. STM even at low tunneling currents (as low as 6 pA) induced this reconstruction, suggesting that, at these currents, the influence of the tip upon the surface was considerable. Specifically, the transformations induced by the STM tip at this set-point tunneling current indicate that the degree of influence of the tip upon the sample is at least as great as that of an FFM pushing on the surface with a 30 nN force.}, number={27}, journal={JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B}, author={Touzov, I and Gorman, CB}, year={1997}, month={Jul}, pages={5263–5276} }
 @inbook{whitesides_simanek_gorman_1996, place={Dordrecht, Netherlands}, series={NATO ASI Ser., Ser. E., Applied sciences}, title={Approaches to Synthesis Based on Non-Covalent Bonds}, booktitle={Chemical Synthesis: Gnosis to Prognosis}, publisher={Kluwer Academic Publishers}, author={Whitesides, G. M. and Simanek, E. E. and Gorman, C. B.}, editor={Chatgilialoglu, C. and Snieckus, V.Editors}, year={1996}, pages={565–588}, collection={NATO ASI Ser., Ser. E., Applied sciences} }
 @article{gorman_bergens_whitesides_1996, place={New York}, title={Platinum-Catalyzed Oxidations of Organic Compounds by Ferric Sulfate: Use of a Redox Fuel Cell to Mediate Complete Oxidation of Ethylene Glycol by Dioxygen at 80°C}, volume={158}, ISSN={0021-9517}, DOI={10.1006/jcat.1996.0009}, abstractNote={A number of alcohols, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids were oxidized under mild conditions (60–80°C, 3MH2SO4in water) by Fe(III) using a catalytic amount of Pt black to generate Fe(II) and protons. The extent of oxidation depended on the structures of the organic reductant and on reaction conditions. A redox fuel cell that catalyzed the complete oxidation of ethylene glycol by dioxygen at 80°C was assembled. Fe(II) generated by oxidation of ethylene glycol was reoxidized to Fe(III) at the anode of the cell. A V(V)/V(IV)/HNO3/O2redox system was used to catalyze the electrochemical reduction of dioxygen. Both the anode and cathode consisted of WDF graphite felt, the surface of which had been oxidized by boiling concentrated nitric acid for 15 min. A maximum power density of 9.9 mW/cm3of graphite felt was obtained at a cell voltage of 197 mV.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of catalysis}, publisher={Academic Press}, author={Gorman, C.B. and Bergens, S.H. and Whitesides, G.M.}, year={1996}, month={Jan}, pages={92–96} }
 @article{chen_gorman_1996, title={Synthesis of a series of focally-substituted organothiol dendrons}, volume={61}, number={26}, journal={JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY}, author={CHEN, KY and GORMAN, CB}, year={1996}, pages={9229–9235} }
 @article{abbott_gorman_whitesides_1995, title={ACTIVE CONTROL OF WETTING USING APPLIED ELECTRICAL POTENTIALS AND SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS}, volume={11}, number={1}, journal={LANGMUIR}, author={ABBOTT, NL and GORMAN, CB and WHITESIDES, GM}, year={1995}, pages={16–18} }
 @article{gorman_biebuyck_whitesides_1995, title={CONTROL OF THE SHAPE OF LIQUID LENSES ON A MODIFIED GOLD SURFACE USING AN APPLIED ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL ACROSS A SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER}, volume={11}, number={6}, journal={LANGMUIR}, author={GORMAN, CB and BIEBUYCK, HA and WHITESIDES, GM}, year={1995}, pages={2242–2246} }
 @article{gorman_marder_1995, title={Effect of Molecular Polarization on Bond-Length Alternation, Linear Polarizability, First and Second Hyperpolarizability in Donor-Acceptor Polyenes as a Function of Chain Length}, volume={7}, ISSN={0897-4756 1520-5002}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm00049a033}, DOI={10.1021/cm00049a033}, abstractNote={ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of Molecular Polarization on Bond-Length Alternation, Linear Polarizability, First and Second Hyperpolarizability in Donor-Acceptor Polyenes as a Function of Chain LengthChristopher B. Gorman and Seth R. MarderCite this: Chem. Mater. 1995, 7, 1, 215–220Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00049a033RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views458Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (700 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts}, number={1}, journal={Chemistry of Materials}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Gorman, Christopher B. and Marder, Seth R.}, year={1995}, month={Jan}, pages={215–220} }
 @article{gorman_biebuyck_whitesides_1995, title={FABRICATION OF PATTERNED, ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTING POLYPYRROLE USING A SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER - A ROUTE TO ALL-ORGANIC CIRCUITS}, volume={7}, number={3}, journal={CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS}, author={GORMAN, CB and BIEBUYCK, HA and WHITESIDES, GM}, year={1995}, pages={526–529} }
 @inbook{ginsburg_gorman_grubbs_1995, place={Weinheim, Germany}, title={Polyacetylene}, ISBN={3527290842}, booktitle={Modern acetylene chemistry}, publisher={VCH Publishers}, author={Ginsburg, E.J. and Gorman, C.B. and Grubbs, R.H.}, editor={Stang, P.J. and Diederich, F.Editors}, year={1995} }
 @article{folkers_gorman_laibinis_al._1995, title={SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS OF LONG-CHAIN HYDROXAMIC ACIDS ON THE NATIVE OXIDES OF METALS}, volume={11}, number={3}, journal={LANGMUIR}, author={FOLKERS, JP and GORMAN, CB and LAIBINIS, PE and al.}, year={1995}, pages={813–824} }
 @inbook{whitesides_gorman_1995, place={Boca Raton, Florida}, title={Self-Assembled Monolayers: Models for Organic Surface Chemistry}, ISBN={0849389119}, booktitle={Handbook of Surface Imaging and Visualization}, publisher={CRC Press}, author={Whitesides, G.M. and Gorman, C.B.}, editor={Hubbard, A.T.Editor}, year={1995}, pages={713–733} }
 @article{gorman_biebuyck_whitesides_1995, title={USE OF A PATTERNED SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER TO CONTROL THE FORMATION OF A LIQUID RESIST PATTERN ON A GOLD SURFACE}, volume={7}, number={2}, journal={CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS}, author={GORMAN, CB and BIEBUYCK, HA and WHITESIDES, GM}, year={1995}, pages={252–254} }
 @article{bergens_gorman_palmore_al._1994, title={A REDOX FUEL-CELL THAT OPERATES WITH METHANE AS FUEL AT 120-DEGREES-C}, volume={265}, number={5177}, journal={SCIENCE}, author={BERGENS, SH and GORMAN, CB and PALMORE, GTR and al.}, year={1994}, pages={1418–1420} }
 @article{bergens_gorman_palmore_whitesides_1994, title={A Redox Fuel Cell That Operates with Methane as Fuel at 120 C}, volume={265}, ISSN={0036-8075 1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.265.5177.1418}, DOI={10.1126/science.265.5177.1418}, abstractNote={Platinum black efficiently catalyzes the oxidation of methane by iron(III) to generate carbon dioxide and eight equivalents of iron(II) in solutions of sulfuric acid in water. The rate of oxidation increases over 4 hours to reach approximately 4.83 x 10(-2) moles of iron(II) per gram atom of surface platinum per second. A redox fuel cell was assembled that used this reaction in a liquid reformer to generate soluble reducing equivalents of iron(II) from methane, which was electrochemically oxidized to iron(III) in the cell. A vanadium(V)-(IV)-nitric acid-O(2) redox system catalyzed the electrochemical reduction of O(2). The open-circuit voltage of the cell was 0.48 volt, and the maximum power output of the cell was 8.1 milliwatts per cubic centimeter of graphite felt electrode.}, number={5177}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Bergens, S. H. and Gorman, C. B. and Palmore, G. T. R. and Whitesides, G. M.}, year={1994}, month={Sep}, pages={1418–1420} }
 @article{marder_gorman_meyers_al._1994, title={A UNIFIED DESCRIPTION OF LINEAR AND NONLINEAR POLARIZATION IN ORGANIC POLYMETHINE DYES}, volume={265}, number={5172}, journal={SCIENCE}, author={MARDER, SR and GORMAN, CB and MEYERS, F and al.}, year={1994}, pages={632–635} }
 @article{marder_gorman_meyers_perry_bourhill_bredas_pierce_1994, title={A Unified Description of Linear and Nonlinear Polarization in Organic Polymethine Dyes}, volume={265}, ISSN={0036-8075 1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.265.5172.632}, DOI={10.1126/science.265.5172.632}, abstractNote={An internal or external electric field F can drive the chemical structure, bond order alternation, and electronic structure of linear polymethine dyes from a neutral, bond-alternated, polyene-like structure, through a cyanine-like structure, and ultimately to a zwitterionic (charge-separated) bond-alternated structure. As the structure evolves under the influence of F, the linear polarizability alpha, the first hyperpolarizability beta, and the second hyperpolarizability gamma are seen to be derivatives, with respect to F, of their next lower order polarization (for alpha) or polarizability (for beta and gamma). These derivative relations provide a unified picture of the dependence of the polarizability and hyperpolarizabilities on the structure in linear polymethine dyes. In addition, they allow for predictions of structure-property relations of higher order hyperpolarizabilities.}, number={5172}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Marder, S. R. and Gorman, C. B. and Meyers, F. and Perry, J. W. and Bourhill, G. and Bredas, J.-L. and Pierce, B. M.}, year={1994}, month={Jul}, pages={632–635} }
 @article{gorman_vandoremaele_marder_1994, title={OPTIMIZATION OF MATERIALS FOR 2ND-ORDER NONLINEAR-OPTICAL APPLICATIONS}, volume={240}, journal={MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR ELECTRONICS}, author={GORMAN, CB and VANDOREMAELE, GHJ and MARDER, SR}, year={1994}, pages={179–222} }
 @article{gorman_marder_1993, title={AN INVESTIGATION OF THE INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LINEAR AND NONLINEAR POLARIZABILITIES AND BOND-LENGTH ALTERNATION IN CONJUGATED ORGANIC-MOLECULES}, volume={90}, number={23}, journal={PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA}, author={GORMAN, CB and MARDER, SR}, year={1993}, pages={11297–11301} }
 @article{gorman_marder_1993, title={An Investigation of the Interrelationships between Linear Polarizability, First and Second Hyperpolarizabilities and Bond Length Alternation in Conjugated Donor-Acceptor Compounds}, volume={90}, journal={Proceedings of the National Academy of Science}, author={Gorman, C.B. and Marder, S.R.}, year={1993}, pages={11297–11301} }
 @article{marder_perry_tiemann_al._1993, title={DIRECT OBSERVATION OF REDUCED BOND LENGTH ALTERNATION IN DONOR-ACCEPTOR POLYENES}, volume={115}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={MARDER, SR and PERRY, JW and TIEMANN, BG and al.}, year={1993}, pages={2524–2526} }
 @inproceedings{bourhill_brédas_cheng_friedli_gorman_marder_meyers_perry_pierce_skindhøj_et al._1993, place={Washington, DC}, series={Technical Digest Series (Optical Society of America)}, title={Optimization of the First and Second Hyperpolarizabilities of Organic Dyes}, booktitle={Organic thin films for photonic applications : summaries of papers presented at the Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications Topical Meeting}, publisher={Optical Society of America}, author={Bourhill, G.H. and Brédas, J.L. and Cheng, L.-T. and Friedli, A.C. and Gorman, C.B. and Marder, S.R. and Meyers, F. and Perry, J.W. and Pierce, B.M. and Skindhøj, J. and et al.}, year={1993}, pages={46}, collection={Technical Digest Series (Optical Society of America)} }
 @article{marder_perry_bourhill_al._1993, title={RELATION BETWEEN BOND-LENGTH ALTERNATION AND 2ND ELECTRONIC HYPERPOLARIZABILITY OF CONJUGATED ORGANIC-MOLECULES}, volume={261}, number={5118}, journal={SCIENCE}, author={MARDER, SR and PERRY, JW and BOURHILL, G and al.}, year={1993}, pages={186–189} }
 @article{gorman_ginsburg_grubbs_1993, title={SOLUBLE, HIGHLY CONJUGATED DERIVATIVES OF POLYACETYLENE FROM THE RING-OPENING METATHESIS POLYMERIZATION OF MONOSUBSTITUTED CYCLOOCTATETRAENES - SYNTHESIS AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POLYMER STRUCTURE AND PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES}, volume={115}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={GORMAN, CB and GINSBURG, EJ and GRUBBS, RH}, year={1993}, pages={1397–1409} }
 @article{marder_gorman_tiemann_al._1993, title={STRONGER ACCEPTORS CAN DIMINISH NONLINEAR OPTICAL-RESPONSE IN SIMPLE DONOR-ACCEPTOR POLYENES}, volume={115}, number={7}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={MARDER, SR and GORMAN, CB and TIEMANN, BG and al.}, year={1993}, pages={3006–3007} }
 @inproceedings{gorman_marder_1993, title={The Effects of Aromaticity and Reduced Bond Length Alternation on Linear and Third-Order Polarizabilities on Conjugated Organic Chromophores}, volume={291}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Materials Research Society}, publisher={Soc}, author={Gorman, C.B. and Marder, S.R.}, year={1993}, pages={579–584} }
 @inproceedings{bourhill_mansour_tiemann_gorman_biddle_marder_perry_1993, title={Third-order polarizabilities of symmetric and nonsymmetric polyene and cyanine-like organic molecules}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.144063}, DOI={10.1117/12.144063}, abstractNote={The second hyperpolarizability, (gamma) , of the donor-acceptor polyene compounds (CH<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>N-(CHequalsCH)<SUB>3</SUB>-CHO, 3, (CH<SUB>3</SUB>CH<SUB>2</SUB>CH<SUB>2</SUB>CH<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>N- (CHequalsCH)<SUB>2</SUB>-CHequalsC(CN)<SUB>2</SUB>, 4, the cyanine compound [CH<SUB>2</SUB>CH<SUB>2</SUB>OCH<SUB>2</SUB>CH<SUB>2</SUB>-N-(CHequalsCH)<SUB>3</SUB>-CHequalsN-CH<SUB>2</SUB>CH<SUB>2</SUB>OCH<SUB>2</SUB>CH<SUB>2</SUB>]<SUP>+</SUP>ClO<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>, 5, and the linear polyenes CH<SUB>3</SUB>- (CHequalsCH)<SUB>n</SUB>-CH<SUB>3</SUB>, where n equals 4, 1, or 5, 2, have been measured by third harmonic generation (THG) at 1907 nm, in a series of solvents ranging in polarity from CCl<SUB>4</SUB> to CH<SUB>3</SUB>OH. It was found that 3, with the moderately strong formyl acceptor, had positive values of (gamma) which exhibit a peak as a function of solvent polarity. In contrast, 4, with the stronger dicyanovinyl acceptor, had positive (gamma) in very nonpolar solvents but increasingly negative (gamma) values in solvents of moderate to high polarity. These solvent- dependent hyperpolarizabilities are associated with a change in geometry from a highly bond length alternated, polyene-like structure for the formyl-substituted compound in nonpolar solvents, to a cyanine-like structure, with very little bond length alternation, for the dicyanovinyl-substituted compound in polar solvents.}, booktitle={Organic and Biological Optoelectronics}, publisher={SPIE}, author={Bourhill, Grant and Mansour, Kamjou and Tiemann, Bruce G. and Gorman, Christopher B. and Biddle, Shawnna and Marder, Seth R. and Perry, Joseph W.}, editor={Rentzepis, Peter M.Editor}, year={1993}, month={Apr} }
 @article{jozefiak_ginsburg_gorman_al._1993, title={VOLTAMMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF SOLUBLE POLYACETYLENE DERIVATIVES OBTAINED FROM THE RING-OPENING METATHESIS POLYMERIZATION (ROMP) OF SUBSTITUTED CYCLOOCTATETRAENES}, volume={115}, number={11}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={JOZEFIAK, TH and GINSBURG, EJ and GORMAN, CB and al.}, year={1993}, pages={4705–4713} }
 @inproceedings{perry_marder_cheng_bourhill_mansour_gorman_gilmour_tiemann_1992, title={Nonlinear Polarizabilities of Symmetric and Non-symmetric Polyene and Cyanine-Like Molecules}, volume={12}, booktitle={Conference on Lasers and Electro Optics, OSA Tech. Digest}, author={Perry, J.W. and Marder, S.R. and Cheng, L.-T. and Bourhill, G.H. and Mansour, K. and Gorman, C.B. and Gilmour, S. and Tiemann, B.G.}, year={1992}, pages={120–122} }
 @inproceedings{marder_gorman_cheng_tiemann_1992, title={Optimizing the Second-Order Optical Nonlinearities of Organic Molecules: Asymmetric Cyanines and Highly Polarized Polyenes}, volume={175}, DOI={10.1117/12.139208}, abstractNote={We recently reported that there is an optimal combination of donor and acceptor strengths for a given molecular length and bridge structure that maximizes (beta) . For this combination, there is the correct degree of bond length alternation and asymmetry in the molecule. Our recent findings suggest that molecules that can be viewed as asymmetric cyanines with relatively small amounts of bond length alternation are nearly optimal. In this manner, we have identified molecules with nonlinearities many times that of conventional chromophores for a given length. In this paper, we will present a new computational analysis that allows the correlation of bond length alternation with hyperpolarizabilities and will present EFISH data on simple donor-acceptor polyene chromophores.}, number={Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials V,}, booktitle={Proceedings of SPIE}, year={1992}, month={Feb}, pages={19–31} }
 @inbook{gorman_grubbs_1991, place={Dordrecht, Netherlands}, title={Conjugated Polymers: The Interplay Between Synthesis, Structure, and Properties}, booktitle={Conjugated Polymers: The Novel Science and Technology of Conducting and Nonlinear Optically Active Materials}, publisher={Kluwer Academic Publishers}, author={Gorman, C.B. and Grubbs, R.}, editor={Brédas, J.L. and Silbey, R.R.Editors}, year={1991}, pages={1–48} }
 @inproceedings{jozefiak_ginsburg_gorman_sailor_grubbs_lewis_1991, title={Electrochemical Characterization of Soluble Polyacetylenes Derived from the Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) of Substituted Cyclooctatatraenes}, volume={49}, booktitle={Annual Technical Conference of the Society of Plastics Engineers}, author={Jozefiak, T.H. and Ginsburg, E.J. and Gorman, C.B. and Sailor, M.J. and Grubbs, R.H. and Lewis, N.S.}, year={1991}, pages={872–874} }
 @article{grubbs_gorman_ginsburg_al._1991, title={NEW POLYMERIC MATERIALS WITH CUBIC OPTICAL NONLINEARITIES DERIVED FROM RING-OPENING METATHESIS POLYMERIZATION}, volume={455}, journal={ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES}, author={GRUBBS, RH and GORMAN, CB and GINSBURG, EJ and al.}, year={1991}, pages={672–682} }
 @inbook{grubbs_gorman_ginsburg_perry_marder_1991, title={New Polymeric Materials with Cubic Optical Nonlinearities Derived from Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization}, ISBN={0841219397 0841213119}, ISSN={1947-5918}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1991-0455.ch045}, DOI={10.1021/bk-1991-0455.ch045}, abstractNote={Partially substituted derivatives of polyacetylene are synthesized via the ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of cyclooctatetraene (COT) and its derivatives. Certain poly-COT derivatives afford soluble, highly conjugated poly acetylenes. These materials exhibit large third-order optical nonlinearities and low scattering losses.}, booktitle={ACS Symposium Series}, publisher={American Chemical Society}, author={Grubbs, R. H. and Gorman, C. B. and Ginsburg, E. J. and Perry, Joseph W. and Marder, Seth R.}, year={1991}, month={Mar}, pages={672–682} }
 @article{moore_gorman_grubbs_1991, title={SOLUBLE, CHIRAL POLYACETYLENES - SYNTHESES AND INVESTIGATION OF THEIR SOLUTION CONFORMATION}, volume={113}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={MOORE, JS and GORMAN, CB and GRUBBS, RH}, year={1991}, pages={1704–1712} }
 @article{gorman_ginsburg_sailor_al._1991, title={SUBSTITUTED POLYACETYLENES THROUGH THE RING-OPENING METATHESIS POLYMERIZATION (ROMP) OF SUBSTITUTED CYCLOOCTATETRAENES - A ROUTE INTO SOLUBLE POLYACETYLENE}, volume={41}, number={3}, journal={SYNTHETIC METALS}, author={GORMAN, CB and GINSBURG, EJ and SAILOR, MJ and al.}, year={1991}, pages={1033–1038} }
 @article{sailor_ginsburg_gorman_al._1991, title={SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ELECTRONIC INTERFACES DERIVED FROM SOLUBLE, CONDUCTING, POLYACETYLENES}, volume={201}, journal={ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={SAILOR, MJ and GINSBURG, EJ and GORMAN, CB and al.}, year={1991}, pages={102-INOR} }
 @article{gorman_ginsburg_moore_al._1991, title={SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF PARTIALLY SUBSTITUTED POLYACETYLENES DERIVED FROM THE RING-OPENING METATHESIS POLYMERIZATION OF MONOSUBSTITUTED CYCLOCTATETRAENES}, volume={202}, journal={ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={GORMAN, CB and GINSBURG, EJ and MOORE, JS and al.}, year={1991}, pages={329-POLY} }
 @inproceedings{jozefiak_sailor_ginsburg_gorman_lewis_grubbs_1991, title={Soluble polyacetylenes derived from the ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of substituted cyclooctatetraenes: electrochemical characterization and Schottky barrier devices}, volume={1436}, DOI={10.1117/12.45109}, abstractNote={Recent developments in ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) have enabled the synthesis of poly-cyclooctatetraene (poly-COT), a material which is isostructural to polyacetylene. This liquid-phase polymerization method allows facile construction of interfaces, films, and devices with polyacetylene-like materials. The ROMP method also allows the preparation of soluble, yet highly conjugated polyacetylene analogs from substituted cyclooctatetraenes (R-COT). The redox characteristics of R-COT polymers were investigated at electrodes modified with thin polymer films. Voltammetric methods were used to characterize the redox response, band gap, electrochemical doping, and cis-trans isomerization properties of these polyenes. We have applied poly-COT technology to the fabrication of Schottky diodes and photoelectrochemical cells, by forming poly-COT films on semiconductor surfaces. The resultant semiconductor/organic-metal interfaces behave more ideally than semiconductor contacts with conventional metals, in that changes in the work function of the conducting polymer exert a large and predictable effect on the electrical properties of the resulting Schottky diodes. Transparent films of the solution-processible polymer poly- trimethylsilyl-cyclooctatetraene (poly-TMS-COT) have been cast onto n-silicon substrates and doped with iodine to form surface barrier solar cells. These devices produce photovoltages that are much larger than can be obtained from n-silicon contacts with conventional metals.}, number={Photochemistry and Photoelectrochemistry of Organic and Inorganic Molecular Thin Film}, booktitle={Proceedings of SPIE}, author={Jozefiak, T.H. and Sailor, M.J. and Ginsburg, E.J. and Gorman, C.B. and Lewis, N.S. and Grubbs, R.}, year={1991}, month={Mar}, pages={8–19} }
 @inproceedings{gorman_ginsburg_moore_grubbs_1991, title={Synthesis and Properties of Partially Substituted Polyacetylenes Derived from the Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Monosubstituted Cyclooctatetraenes}, volume={32}, number={3}, booktitle={Polymer Preprints}, author={Gorman, C.B. and Ginsburg, E.J. and Moore, J.S. and Grubbs, R.H.}, year={1991}, pages={714–715} }
 @article{ginsburg_sailor_gorman_al._1990, title={ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FILMS OF POLY(TRIMETHYLSILYLCYCLOOCTATETRAENE), A SOLUBLE POLYACETYLENE DERIVATIVE}, volume={199}, journal={ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={GINSBURG, EJ and SAILOR, MJ and GORMAN, CB and al.}, year={1990}, pages={212-COLL} }
 @inproceedings{marder_perry_schaefer_ginsburg_gorman_grubbs_1990, title={Organic, Organometallic and Polymeric Materials with Nonlinear Optical Properties}, volume={175}, booktitle={Proceedings of the Materials Research Society}, author={Marder, S.R. and Perry, J.W. and Schaefer, W.P. and Ginsburg, E.J. and Gorman, C.B. and Grubbs, R.H.}, year={1990}, pages={101–106} }
 @article{grubbs_gorman_ginsburg_al._1990, title={POLYMERIC MATERIALS FOR NONLINEAR OPTICS DERIVED FROM RING-OPENING METATHESIS POLYMERIZATION OF SUBSTITUTED CYCLOOCTATETRAENES}, volume={199}, journal={ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={GRUBBS, RH and GORMAN, CB and GINSBURG, EJ and al.}, year={1990}, pages={345-INOR} }
 @inproceedings{gorman_ginsburg_marder_grubbs_1990, title={Soluble, Highly Conjugated Polyacetylenes via the Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Cyclooctatetraenes}, volume={31}, number={1}, booktitle={Polymer Preprints}, author={Gorman, C. and Ginsburg, E. and Marder, S. and Grubbs, R.}, year={1990}, pages={386–387} }
 @inbook{ginsburg_gorman_grubbs_klavetter_lewis_marder_perry_sailor_1990, place={Dordrecht, Netherlands}, title={Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Substituted Polyacetylenes Derived from Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Cyclooctatetraenes}, booktitle={Conjugated Polymeric Materials: Opportunities in Electronics, Optoelectronics, and Molecular Electronics}, publisher={Kluwer Academic Publishers}, author={Ginsburg, E.J. and Gorman, C.B. and Grubbs, R.H. and Klavetter, F.L. and Lewis, N.S. and Marder, S.R. and Perry, J.W. and Sailor, M.J.}, editor={Brédas, J.L. and Chance, R.R.Editors}, year={1990}, pages={65–81} }
 @article{sailor_ginsburg_gorman_al._1990, title={THIN-FILMS OF N-SI/POLY-(CH3)3SI-CYCLOOCTATETRAENE - CONDUCTING-POLYMER SOLAR-CELLS AND LAYERED STRUCTURES}, volume={249}, number={4973}, journal={SCIENCE}, author={SAILOR, MJ and GINSBURG, EJ and GORMAN, CB and al.}, year={1990}, pages={1146–1149} }
 @article{sailor_ginsburg_gorman_kumar_grubbs_lewis_1990, title={Thin Films of n-Si/Poly-(CH3)3Si-Cyclooctatetraene: Conducting-Polymer Solar Cells and Layered Structures}, volume={249}, ISSN={0036-8075 1095-9203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.249.4973.1146}, DOI={10.1126/science.249.4973.1146}, abstractNote={The optical and electronic properties of thin films of the solution-processible polymer poly-(CH(3))(3)Si-cyclooctatetraene are presented. This conjugated polymer is based on a polyacetylene backbone with (CH(3))(3)Si side groups. Thin transparent films have been cast onto n-doped silicon (n-Si) substrates and doped with iodine to form surfacebarrier solar cells. The devices produce photovoltages that are at the theoretical limit and that are much greater than can be obtained from n-Si contacts with conventional metals. Two methods for forming layered polymeric materials, one involving the spincoating of preformed polymers and the other comprising the sequential polymerization of different monomers, are also described. An organic polymer analog of a metal/insulator/metal capacitor has been constructed with the latter method.}, number={4973}, journal={Science}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Sailor, M. J. and Ginsburg, E. J. and Gorman, C. B. and Kumar, A. and Grubbs, R. H. and Lewis, N. S.}, year={1990}, month={Sep}, pages={1146–1149} }
 @article{gorman_ginsburg_marder_al._1989, title={HIGHLY CONJUGATED, SUBSTITUTED POLYACETYLENES VIA THE RING-OPENING METATHESIS POLYMERIZATION OF SUBSTITUTED CYCLOOCTATETRAENES}, volume={28}, number={11}, journal={ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION IN ENGLISH}, author={GORMAN, CB and GINSBURG, EJ and MARDER, SR and al.}, year={1989}, pages={1571–1574} }
 @article{gorman_ginsburg_marder_grubbs_1989, title={Highly conjugated, substituted polyacetylenes via the ring-opening metathesis polymerization of substituted cyclooctatetraenes}, volume={101}, ISSN={0044-8249 1521-3757}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19891011144}, DOI={10.1002/ange.19891011144}, abstractNote={Communication: Soluble polyacetylenes with high conjugation length and high molecular weight are a goal of polymer scientists. The ring-opening metathesis polymerization of substituted cyclooctatetraenes (COT) to form soluble substituted polyacetylenes which display iodine doped conductivities in the range 0.1 to 50 S/cm are reported. The solubility is imparted by the alkyl groups which occupy, on average, every eighth carbon atom of the polymer backbone.}, number={11}, journal={Angewandte Chemie}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Gorman, Christopher B. and Ginsburg, Eric J. and Marder, Seth R. and Grubbs, Robert H.}, year={1989}, month={Nov}, pages={1603–1606} }
 @inproceedings{swager_klavetter_marder_gorman_ginsburg_grubbs_1989, title={New Routes to Processed Polyacetylene}, volume={30}, booktitle={Polymer Preprints}, author={Swager, T. and Klavetter, F. and Marder, S. and Gorman, C. and Ginsburg, E. and Grubbs, R.}, year={1989}, pages={161} }
 @article{ginsburg_gorman_marder_al._1989, title={POLY(TRIMETHYLSILYLCYCLOOCTATETRAENE) - A SOLUBLE CONJUGATED POLYACETYLENE VIA OLEFIN METATHESIS}, volume={111}, number={19}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={GINSBURG, EJ and GORMAN, CB and MARDER, SR and al.}, year={1989}, pages={7621–7622} }
 @article{ginsburg_gorman_marder_grubbs_1989, title={Poly(trimethylsilylcyclooctatetraene): a soluble conjugated polyacetylene via olefin metathesis}, volume={111}, ISSN={0002-7863}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00201a057}, DOI={10.1021/ja00201a057}, abstractNote={ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoly(trimethylsilylcyclooctatetraene): a soluble conjugated polyacetylene via olefin metathesisEric J. Ginsburg, Christopher B. Gorman, Seth R. Marder, and Robert H. GrubbsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 19, 7621–7622Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00201a057RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views317Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (298 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts}, number={19}, journal={Journal of the American Chemical Society}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Ginsburg, Eric J. and Gorman, Christopher B. and Marder, Seth R. and Grubbs, Robert H.}, year={1989}, month={Sep}, pages={7621–7622} }
 @article{gorman_ginsburg_klavetter_al._1989, title={SUBSTITUTED POLYACETYLENES THROUGH THE RING-OPENING METATHESIS POLYMERIZATION (ROMP) OF SUBSTITUTED CYCLOOCTATETRAENES}, volume={197}, journal={ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={GORMAN, CB and GINSBURG, EJ and KLAVETTER, FL and al.}, year={1989}, pages={126-INOR} }
 @inbook{ginsburg_gorman_sailor_lewis_grubbs_1989, place={Dordrecht, Netherlands}, title={The Application of Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization to the Synthesis of Substituted Polyacetylenes}, booktitle={Olefin Metathesis and Polymerization Catalysts: Synthesis, Mechanism, and Utilization}, publisher={Kluwer Academic Publishers}, author={Ginsburg, E.J. and Gorman, C.B. and Sailor, M.J. and Lewis, N.S. and Grubbs, R.}, editor={Imamoglu, Y and Zümreoglu-Karan, B. and Amass, A.J.Editors}, year={1989}, pages={537–543} }